User:Immanuelle/Sahasrabhuja

Wooden seated Thousand-Armed Kannon statue owned by Myōhō-in Temple (housed in Sanjusangendo Hall) A national treasure from the Kamakura period created by Tankei.

A colored silk painting of the Thousand-Armed Kannon Statue, a national treasure from the late Heian period, owned by the Tokyo National Museum .

Thousand-Armed Avalokiteshvara (Senju Kannon, Sanskrit: सहस्रभुज, [sahasrabhuja], Sahasrabhuja) is one of the bodhisattvas worshipped in Buddhism . "Sahasrabhuja" means "a thousand hands" or "one with a thousand hands". This name is also another name for Hindu gods such as Vishnu, Shiva, and the goddess Durga, and is thought to be an incarnation of the Bodhisattva Kannon, who was established in India under the influence of Hinduism. It is also one of the Six Kannon Bodhisattvas .

The Sammaya form is an open lotus flower (a fully bloomed lotus flower; it is paired with the first split lotus flower of Āryāvalokiteśvara ) and a jewel on a lotus. The seed syllable is Kirik (ह्रीः hrīḥ ) .

He has 28 legions as his attendants.

She is part of Kumano Gongen. There is a 12 deity version, and a three deity version with Amitabha Bhaisajyaguru and Sahasrabhuja.

The name and origin of "Senju"

As mentioned above, there are various names for the Thousand-Armed Kannon. Among the Thousand-Armed Kannon statues, there are some that have one or twenty-seven faces instead of eleven. Among these, the one-faced thousand-handed statue is considered to be an ancient form, and the one-faced thousand-handed statue in the 40th niche of Zhengshan, Danling, Sichuan Province, which is said to be the oldest surviving thousand-handed statue in China, is a one-faced thousand-handed statue. Under Japan's Cultural Properties Protection Law, the designated name for national treasures and important cultural properties is unified as "Thousand-Armed Kannon."

In the Garbha Mandala of Esoteric Buddhism, the place where Kannon are located is called the "Rengebu" , and among them, the Thousand-Armed Kannon is the highest-ranking being known as the "Renge-King Bodhisattva." This is the reason why Myoho-in Sanjūsangen-dō temple in Kyoto City is officially called Rengeo-in.

It is called by various names, such as 'Eleven-faced Thousand-armed Kannon,' 'Thousand-armed Thousand-eyed Kannon,' 'Eleven-faced Thousand-armed Thousand-eyed Kannon,' and 'Thousand-eyed Thousand-armed Kannon.' The name "Thousand Hands and a Thousand Eyes" comes from the fact that it is said to have one eye in each of its thousand hands. The thousand arms represent the immense mercy and power of Kannon, who seeks to save all living beings without exception. Buddhist texts that explains why Kannon Bodhisattva gained a thousand hands is the Thousand-Armed and Thousand-Eyed Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva's Vast, Perfect, Unhindered, and Great Compassionate Dharani Sutra, translated by Gabondharma. The Great Compassion Mantra contained in this sutra is still recited today in Tendai and Zen temples in China and Japan. As one of the six Kannon deities, it is said that he presides over the realm of hungry ghosts among the six realms of existence . It is also said that it saves people from the sufferings of hell, represents the great utility of saving all living beings without obstacles, and is said to be in charge of the fulfillment of wishes and the birth of peaceful lives.

Appearance

There are both seated and standing statues, and several surviving Buddha statues depicting around a thousand hands. Well-known examples include the statue (standing statue) in the Golden Hall of Tōshōdai-ji in Nara City, the principal image (seated statue) of Fujii-dera in Fujiidera City, Osaka Prefecture, and the principal image (standing statue) of Juho-ji Temple in Kyotanabe City, Kyoto Prefecture. The statues at Toshodaiji Temple, which are over 5 meters tall, have 42 main pillars and 911 small pillars between the gaps between the main pillars, making a total of 953 statues still extant. The statue at Katsurai-ji Temple has 40 large hands (without the bowl-shaped hands) and 1,001 small hands, for a total of 1,041 hands. When viewed from the front, the gloves appear to grow directly from the statue itself, but in fact they are densely attached to two supports erected behind the statue. Faint traces reveal that eyes had been painted on the palms of the hands and knees of the Katsuraiji statue, literally representing "a thousand hands and a thousand eyes." A typical Thousand-Armed Kannon statue has eleven faces and forty-two arms. The principal image of Dojoji Temple (National Treasure) and the principal image of Fudarakusanji Temple (Important Cultural Property) in Wakayama Prefecture have 44 arms. The Thousand-Armed Kannon painting discovered in Dunhuang and kept at the British Museum and the Thousand-Armed Kannon standing statue kept at the Guimet Museum also have 44 arms. The meaning of the 42 arms is explained as follows: excluding the two hands clasped together in front of the chest, the 40 arms each represent saving 25 worlds, so "25 x 40 = 1,000." The "25 worlds" mentioned here refers to the " three realms and twenty-five existences " in Buddhism, which is the idea that there are 25 worlds from heaven to hell (there are said to be 14 existences in the realm of desire, seven existences in the realm of form, and four existences in the realm of formlessness). The commonly used term " ecstatic " originally refers to the heavenly realm that is the pinnacle of the twenty-five levels of existence.

The principal image (seated statue) of Sanjusangendo Temple in Kyoto is a masterpiece by the Kamakura period Buddhist sculptor Tankei, and is a typical example of an eleven-faced, forty-two-armed statue. Two of the forty-two hands are clasped together in front of the chest, and the other two are joined together in front of the stomach, holding a hohatsu (a sacred bowl) (called hohatsu-te). The other 38 arms each hold a different object, such as a Dharma wheel, a shakujo (a staff with a shaku), or kuṇḍikā . What the 38 hands should hold is described in the sutras (see below), but in the case of statues, the objects have often been lost over the years or replaced with later additions.

• 
  Vietnam, Butthap pagoda
• 
  Shanghai, Longhua Temple
• 
  Kyoto, Hoshoji Temple
• 
  Kyoto, Sanjusangendo (out of 1,001 statues)
• 
  Jiuhuashan, Anhui Province, China
• 
  Huanshan, Hunan Province, China

Examples of beliefs and statues in Japan

There are few known examples of Thousand-Armed Kannon statues in India, but there are some in China, such as the Longmen Grottoes of the Tang Dynasty and the Dazu Rock Carvings of the Song Dynasty, both of which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites . Belief in the Thousand-Armed Kannon has a long history in Japan, with statues being made since the Nara period, before Kūkai introduced the teachings of Esoteric Buddhism. It is known that the Thousand-Armed Hall was built at Todaiji Temple during the Tenpyo period, and a Thousand-Armed Kannon statue was also enshrined in the temple's lecture hall, which no longer exists. Of the surviving examples in Japan, the oldest is the Katsuo-ji Temple statue, which is thought to have been made in the mid-8th century, and the Toshodaiji Temple statue was also made between the late 8th and early 9th centuries. A heavily damaged Thousand-Armed Kannon statue was discovered inside the inside of the hidden Kitamuki Honzon statue at Dojoji Temple in Wakayama. This is thought to be the principal image of Dojoji Temple from its early days and dates back to the Nara period.

Other famous temples that enshrine the Thousand-Armed Kannon include Kiyomizu-dera Temple and Sanjusangendo Temple in Kyoto City, and Kokawa-dera Temple (Kinokawa City, Wakayama Prefecture), one of the temples on the Saigoku Kannon Pilgrimage. The principal image (standing statue) of Kiyomizu-dera Temple in Kyoto is a secret Buddha image that is only revealed to the public once every 33 years. It has a unique shape, with two of its 42 arms raised and clasped above its head, and is known as the "Kiyomizu-type" type. The secret Thousand-Armed Kannon statue, the principal image of Okunoin at the same Kiyomizu-dera temple, is a rare seated statue with 27 faces.

The possession of the Thousand-Armed Kannon

The possessions of the Thousand-Armed Kannon are described in sutras such as the "Thousand-Armed Thousand-Eyed Dharani Sutra" (more specifically, the "Thousand-Armed Thousand-Eyed Kannon Bodhisattva's Vast, Perfect, Unobstructed, Great Compassionate Dharani Sutra"), and actual statues and images are generally designed according to these sutras.

For details on the following possessions, see Nishimura Kimitsune, "Buddha's World View" (Yoshikawa Kobunkan, 1980, [ page number required ] )by. Depending on the statue, the item described below as "held in the left hand" may be held in the right hand (or vice versa).

Left hand possession

• Hougeki: A staff-like object held in the left hand of the Thousand-Armed Kannon. A weapon with three prongs at its tip.
• Kebutsu: A small Buddhist statue.
• Houtaku: A small bell.
• White lotus flower
• Hossu: Originally a tool used to drive away flies and other insects.
• A lasso.
• The Sun Wheel (Nichirin) is referred to in the Sutra as "Nisshomani."
• The Treasure Wheel Sutra states, "The Golden Wheel that Never Retreats."
• A conch shell.
• Gyokukan (jade ring) is also called "golden ring." Instead, they may carry a "treasure bracelet" (bracelet).
• Skull staff
• Gurenge
• Bohai: A shield-like piece depicting the face of a dragon.
• Palace (Kuuden) The scriptures refer to it as "Kuuden (Transformed Palace)."
• It may also be held in the right hand.
• The Hoko Sutra states that it is a "Kushi Iron Hook." A rod-shaped weapon with a bent tip at a right angle.
• A sacred sword with a three-pronged handle.
• The Hokyu (treasured bow) is paired with the arrow (Hoyan) held in the right hand.
• Soubyou is also called "gunmochi." It means a pitcher of water.

Right hand possession

• The shakujo (seal staff) is paired with the "hogeki" (hogeki) held in the left hand. There are several rings attached to the top of the cane, and when you walk with it, the rings make a sound. It was originally used in India to ward off poisonous snakes when walking through the mountains and fields.
• Kebutsu (transformed Buddha)
• Vajra: A ritual implement with a handle in the center and three prongs on both ends. In the scriptures, the hand holding this is called 'basarashu'.
• Blue lotus flower
• Toothpick: A willow branch. Also known as willow.
• Prayer beads
• The Gachirin Sutra states that it is called "Gekseimani."
• The Hoju (treasure jewel) is referred to in the Sutra as a "wish-granting jewel."
• Also known as the Treasure Sutra (Hokyo) or the Sutra Box (Kyokyo). This refers to Buddhist scriptures.
• Treasure seal
• Budo refers to grapes.
• Purple lotus
• Semuishu: The hand that is not holding anything.
• Treasured mirror
• A small treasure chest. Also called 'Buddhist box'.
• Vajra (kongosho) is also called 'tokkosho' (single-pronged vajra). A weapon with a central grip and sharp blades on both ends.
• Axe (eppu) means "axe" or "axe".
• This refers to a treasure arrow.
• Kobyo: A Persian-style water pitcher. Also called "Treasure Aquarium."

In the Thousand-Armed Thousand-Eyed Dharani Sutra, in addition to the 38 hands holding objects mentioned above, 40 hands are mentioned, including the "prayer hands" and "treasure bowl hands." Looking at actual statues of the Thousand-Armed Kannon in Japan, many of them have their hands clasped in front of their stomachs (or on their knees in the case of seated statues), with a sacred bowl placed on top of them. The two hands holding the treasure bowls and the two hands clasped together in front of the chest total 42 arms.

Mantra

• Ong Bazara Dalama (Dharma ) and Kiriku

A representative Thousand-Armed Kannon statue in Japan

Toji Temple Old Dining Hall Statue

National Treasure

location	location	posture	Era
Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture	Sanjūsangen-dō temple principal image	Seated statue	Kamakura Period
Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture	Sanjusangendo Statues (1,001 statues)	Statue	Partly from the Heian period, partly from the Kamakura period
Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture	Statue in the old lecture hall of Koryuji Temple	Statue	Kanko 9th year (1012)
Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture	Hosshoji Temple Statue	Statue	Heian period
Fujiidera City, Osaka Prefecture	The principal image of Fujii-dera temple	Seated statue	Jinki 2 (725)
Nara City, Nara Prefecture	Tōshōdai-ji Golden Hall Statue	Statue	Nara period
Nara City, Nara Prefecture	Statue of the former dining hall of Kofuku-ji Temple	Statue	Kamakura Period
Hidakagawa Town, Wakayama Prefecture	Dojoji Temple Statue	Statue	Heian period

Important Cultural Property

location	location	posture	Era
Aizubange Town, Fukushima Prefecture	Eryuji Temple Statue	Statue	Kamakura Period
Ise City, Mie Prefecture	Taikoji Temple Statue	Seated statue	Kamakura Period
Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture	Kiyomizu-dera Temple Principal Image	Statue	Kamakura Period
Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture	The principal image of the Okunoin Temple of Kiyomizu-dera	Seated statue	Kamakura Period
Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture	Statue of the former dining hall of Toji Temple	Statue	Heian period
Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture	Bujoji Temple Statue	Seated statue	The first year of Kuju (1154)
Kyotango City, Kyoto Prefecture	Enjoji Temple Statue	Statue	Late Heian period
Hidakagawa Town, Wakayama Prefecture	The first principal image of Dojoji Temple	Statue	Nara period
Hidakagawa Town, Wakayama Prefecture	Dojoji Temple's Secret Thousand-Armed Statue	Statue	The Northern and Southern Courts Period
Itoshima City, Fukuoka Prefecture	Sennyo-ji Temple Statue	Statue	Kamakura Period

others

• Izumi City, Osaka Prefecture - Principal image of the Sefukuji Temple. Standing statue. Designated as a cultural property by Izumi City.
• Kanzaki City, Saga Prefecture - Main image of Niiyama Jizoin Temple . Standing statue. Kyushu Seven Kannon.

Related item

• Kannon Sutra
• Kannon
• China Arts Troupe for the Disabled - famous for the dance "Thousand-Armed Kannon".

References

• 小林太市郎 (1974). 唐代の大悲観音、奈良朝の千手観音. 小林太市郎著作集７ 宗教藝術論篇Ⅰ. 淡交社. {{cite book}}: Text "和書" ignored (help)
• 田中公明 (2019). 千手観音と二十八部衆の謎. 春秋社. ISBN 978-4-393-13428-3. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |2= (help); Text "和書" ignored (help)田中公明 (2019). 千手観音と二十八部衆の謎. 春秋社. ISBN 978-4-393-13428-3. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |2= (help); Text "和書" ignored (help)
• 石井亜矢子/岩﨑 隼 (2010-04-06). 仏像図解新書. 小学館. pp. 70, 71. {{cite book}}: Text "和書" ignored (help)

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