View source for Tiffany Cross Medal of Honor

{{Infobox Military Award
|name=''Tiffany Cross'' Medal of Honor
|image=[[File:Tiffany Cross Medal of Honor.jpg|200px]]
|caption= 1919–1942 Navy "Tiffany Cross" pattern
|awarded_by= the [[President of the United States]]<br />in the name of [[United States Congress|Congress]]
|type=Medal (Decoration)
|eligibility=US Navy and Marine Corps personnel, 1917–1942
|for=Gallantry and intrepidity in actual conflict at the risk of one's life above and beyond the call of duty
|status=Obsolete 7 August 1942
|description=Modified [[cross pattée]]
|established=4 February 1919 (retroactive to 6 April 1917)
|first_award=15 October 1917, World War I
|last_award=8 January 1928, Nicaragua
|motto=VALOUR
|total=28
|posthumous=5
|recipients=28
|individual=
|higher=
|same=[[Medal of Honor]]
|lower = [[Navy Distinguished Service Medal]]<ref name=nh&hc1>{{cite web|last=US Naval History & Heritage Command|authorlink=Naval History & Heritage Command|title=The Navy Cross|url=http://www.history.navy.mil/medals/navcross.htm|accessdate=29 December 2012|date=24 January 2001|archive-date=11 March 2012|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/665rpxdUp?url=http://www.history.navy.mil/medals/navcross.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

|image2=[[File:Close-up of the Tiffany Cross Medal of Honor.jpg]]
|caption2=Details of the ''Tiffany Cross''
}}
The '''Tiffany Cross Medal of Honor''' was created immediately after [[World War I]].  The [[United States Navy|US Navy]] decided to recognize via the [[Medal of Honor]] two  manners of heroism. One in combat and one in the line of a sailor's profession.  The original upside-down star was designated as the non-combat version and a new pattern of the medal [[pendant]], in cross form, was designed by the [[Tiffany & Co.|Tiffany Company]] in 1919.  It was to be presented to a sailor or Marine who "in action involving actual conflict with the enemy, distinguish[es] himself conspicuously by gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty" and without detriment to his mission.<ref name=nh&hc>{{cite web|last=US Naval History & Heritage Command|authorlink=Naval History & Heritage Command|title=The Medal of Honor – Navy Medals of Honor, 1861–1941 – The "Tiffany Cross" pattern|url=http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/awd/us-indiv/moh-3t.htm|publisher=Department of the Navy|accessdate=29 December 2012|date=23 January 2008|archive-date=22 August 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822161740/http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/awd/us-indiv/moh-3t.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> This pendant became the ''Tiffany Cross''.

==Description==
The ''Tiffany Cross'' is suspended from the classic light blue Medal of Honor ribbon with 13 white stars. At the ribbon top is a bar with the word "VALOUR".  The medal is a gold [[cross pattée]] overlaying an oak and laurel wreath on the obverse side, with an [[Anchor#Admiralty Pattern|antique anchor]] in each arm of the cross.  The center, overlaying the cross, is an octagon with the phrases "UNITED STATES NAVY" to the top and "1917·1918" to the bottom, on the perimeter separated by two stars.  The center of the octagon is the [[Great Seal of the United States]].<ref name=ngs>{{cite book|last=NGS|title=Insignia and Decorations of the U.S. Armed Forces|year=1944|publisher=[[National Geographic Society]]|authorlink=National Geographic Society}}</ref>  The reverse side is flat, suitable for engraving.  Recipients medals often had intricate inscriptions.<ref name=nh&hc/>

==Authorization==
On 4 February 1919 Congress, in the same act that created the [[Navy Cross]] and the [[Navy Distinguished Service Medal]], Congress provided:
{{quotation|That the President of the United States be, and is hereby authorized to present in the name of Congress, a Medal of Honor to any person who, while in the naval service of the United States, shall, in action involving actual conflict with the enemy, distinguish himself conspicuously by gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty and without detriment to the mission of his command or the command to which attached.<ref>{{cite web|last=HyperWar Foundation|title=HyperWar: Navy and Marine Corps Awards Manual—1953, Part I:|publisher=HyperWar Foundation|url=http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/ref/Awards/Awards-I.html|accessdate=29 December 2012}}</ref>}}
Designed by Tiffany Company, this medal became the ''Tiffany Cross'' and eligibility was retroactive to [[United States declaration of war on Germany (1917)|6 April 1917]], when the United States entered [[World War I]].

==Inconsistent presentations==
Despite the "actual conflict" guidelines, the ''Tiffany Cross'' was awarded to [[Floyd Bennett]] and [[Richard E. Byrd|Richard Byrd]] for arctic exploration, and to [[John Otto Siegel|John Siegel]] for a rescue at sea. In the words of the Congressional Medal of Honor Society, the ''Tiffany Cross'' Program was "poorly regulated and documented."<ref name=cmohs/>

==Unpopularity and deauthorization==
The ''Tiffany Cross'' was unpopular, perhaps because it so closely resembled the German [[Iron Cross#Early awards|Iron Cross]].<ref name=cmohs>{{cite web|last=Congressional Medal of Honor Society|title=CMOHS.org – History of the Medal of Honor|url=http://www.cmohs.org/medal-history.php|publisher=Congressional Medal of Honor Society|accessdate=29 December 2012}}</ref> Recipients, such as [[Richard E. Byrd|Admiral Byrd]], requested, received, and wore the classical inverted star design.  Byrd received his ''Tiffany Cross'' on 27 February 1927 from President Coolidge.<ref name=byrd/>  He received his classical Medal of Honor on 20 June 1930 from President Hoover.<ref name=byrd2>{{cite web|last=US Naval History & Heritage Command|title=Photo # NH 41633 Radm. R. E. Byrd, USN, receives his Medal of Honor from Pres. Hoover 20 June 1930|url=http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/images/h41000/h41633.jpg|publisher=US Naval History & Heritage Command|accessdate=29 December 2012|authorlink=Naval History & Heritage Command}}{{Dead link|date=September 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>  His motives for the change are not remarked upon.  In 1942, the Navy returned to using only the original 1862 inverted 5-point star design, and ceased issuing the award for non-combat action.<ref name=nmpa>{{cite web|last=Birnie|first=Michael|title="Tiffany" Medal of Honor Comes to Navy Museum|url=http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=7048|publisher=The Navy Museum Public Affairs|accessdate=29 December 2012|date=27 April 2003|archive-date=4 December 2015|archive-url=https://archive.today/20151204222329/http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=7048|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Next lower award==
During the ''Tiffany Cross's'' active status, the next lower naval award was the [[Navy Distinguished Service Medal]], followed by the [[Navy Cross]]. By congressional action on 7 August 1942, in the same act that terminated the ''Tiffany Cross'', the Distinguished Service Medal and the Navy Cross swapped places, with the Navy Cross also becoming solely a combat award.<ref name=nh&hc1/>

==List==
The US [[Naval History & Heritage Command]] asserts that 28 sailors and Marines received the ''Tiffany Cross'', but does not provide a list.<ref name=nh&hc/> However, a review of:
*presentation photographs to Medal of Honor recipients,
*photographs or paintings of recipients wearing a ''Tiffany Cross'',
*photographs of engravings on the medal's reverse side (many on the Naval History website),
*museum displays of recipient medals,
*recipient headstone markers,
*newspaper accounts of the presentation ceremony and
*application of the "actual conflict" criterion
make a nearly complete list.  There are at least three recipients (Byrd, Bennett, Siegal) who have been awarded the ''Tiffany Cross'' for non-combat actions. There may be other in-period recipients that have also have received one, but these aren't known, and would require investigation of similar nature for each.

{{clear}}

===Recipients===
{{legend2|#e3d9ff|Lavender background and {{KIA}} indicates that the Medal of Honor was received posthumously|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+'''''Tiffany Cross'' Medal of Honor Awardees'''
|-<!--Header-->
!class="unsortable" scope="col" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; color:#000000;"| Image
!scope="col" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; color:#000000;"| Name
!scope="col" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; color:#000000;"| Service
!scope="col" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; color:#000000;"| Date of Action
!scope="col" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; color:#000000;"| Combat
!class="unsortable" scope="col" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; color:#000000;"| Action and Source
|-<!--Row 1-->
|align=left| [[File:OsmondIngram.jpg|75px]]
|align=left style="background:#e3d9ff;"| {{sortname|Osmond K.|Ingram|Osmond Kelly Ingram}}{{KIA}}
|align=center| USN
|align=center| {{dts|format=dmy|1917|10|15}}
|align=center| Yes
|align=left|Ingram was killed while attempting to release depth charges in the face of an oncoming torpedo.<ref>{{cite web|last=Military Times|title=Valor awards for Osmond Kelly Ingram|url=http://militarytimes.com/citations-medals-awards/recipient.php?recipientid=2504|publisher=Gannett Government Media Corporation|accessdate=29 December 2012|archive-date=16 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016224805/http://www.militarytimes.com/citations-medals-awards/recipient.php?recipientid=2504|url-status=dead}}</ref> He is one of thirteen recipients receiving the ''Tiffany Cross'' from a single Department of the Navy  announcement issued 11 November 1920, many of whom present photographic evidence.<ref name=times>{{cite news|last=[[New York Times]]|title=13 Get Medal of Honor|newspaper=New York Times|date=12 November 1920}}</ref> His action meets the "actual conflict" criterion.
|-<!--Row 2-->
|align=left| [[File:Alexander Gordon Lyle.jpg|75px]]
|align=left| {{sortname|Alexander G.|Lyle|Alexander Gordon Lyle}}
|align=center| Dental Corps, USN
|align=center| {{dts|format=dmy|1918|04|23}}
|align=center| Yes
|align=left|Lyle exposed himself to hostile fire to treat a wounded man.<ref>{{cite web|last=Military Times|title=Valor awards for Alexander Gordon Lyle|url=http://militarytimes.com/citations-medals-awards/recipient.php?recipientid=93|publisher=Gannett Government Media Corporation|accessdate=29 December 2012|archive-date=16 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016224215/http://www.militarytimes.com/citations-medals-awards/recipient.php?recipientid=93|url-status=dead}}</ref> He is one of thirteen recipients receiving the ''Tiffany Cross'' from a single Department of the Navy  announcement issued 11 November 1920, many of whom present photographic evidence.<ref name=times/> He has a museum display,<ref group=upper-alpha name=reed>On display at the [[Walter Reed National Military Medical Center]], Bethesda, MD.{{cn|date=December 2012}}</ref> and meets the "actual conflict" criterion.
|-<!--Row 3-->
|align=left| [[File:Daniel A. J. Sullivan.jpg|75px]]
|align=left| {{sortname|Daniel A. J.|Sullivan|Daniel Augustus Joseph Sullivan}}
|align=center| USNR
|align=center| {{dts|format=dmy|1918|05|21}}
|align=center| Yes
|align=left|Sullivan secured a group of live depth charges.<ref>{{cite web|last=Military Times|title=Valor awards for Daniel Augustus Joseph Sullivan|url=http://militarytimes.com/citations-medals-awards/recipient.php?recipientid=557|publisher=Gannett Government Media Corporation|accessdate=29 December 2012}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> He is one of thirteen recipients receiving the ''Tiffany Cross'' from a single Department of the Navy  announcement issued 11 November 1920, many of whom present photographic evidence.<ref name=times/> He meets the "actual conflict" criterion.
|-<!--Row 4-->
|align=left| [[File:Edouard Izac.png|75px]]
|align=left| {{sortname|Edouard V. M.|Izac|Edouard Izac}}
|align=center| USN
|align=center| {{dts|format=dmy|1918|05|21}}
|align=center| Yes
|align=left|Izac gathered intelligence while a prisoner of war; he then escaped and brought the information to the Allies.<ref>{{cite web|last=Military Times|title=Valor awards for Edouard Victor Michel Izac (Isaacs)|url=http://militarytimes.com/citations-medals-awards/recipient.php?recipientid=699|publisher=Gannett Government Media Corporation|accessdate=29 December 2012|archive-date=16 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016114133/http://www.militarytimes.com/citations-medals-awards/recipient.php?recipientid=699|url-status=dead}}</ref> There is a photograph of his medal's engraving.<ref name=nh&hc/><ref group=upper-alpha name=times13/>
|-<!--Row 5-->
|align=left| —
|align=left| {{sortname|Ernest A.|Janson|Ernest A. Janson}}
|align=center| USMC
|align=center| {{dts|format=dmy|1918|06|06}}
|align=center| Yes<ref group=upper-alpha name=dualrecipient/><ref group=upper-alpha>Also served under the name Charles F. Hoffman.</ref>
|align=left|Janson single-handedly attacked and dispersed a machine gun detachment.<ref>{{cite web|last=Military Times|title=Valor awards for Charles F. Hoffman|url=http://militarytimes.com/citations-medals-awards/recipient.php?recipientid=399|publisher=Gannett Government Media Corporation|accessdate=29 December 2012}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> He meets the "actual conflict" criterion.
|-<!--Row 6-->
|align=left| [[File:Weedon Osborne.jpg|75px]]
|align=left style="background:#e3d9ff;"| {{sortname|Weedon E.|Osborne|Weedon Osborne}}{{KIA}}
|align=center| Dental Corps, USN
|align=center| {{dts|format=dmy|1918|06|06}}
|align=center| Yes
|align=left|Osborne was killed while rescuing wounded men from under heavy fire.<ref>{{cite web|last=Military Times|title=Valor awards for Weedon Edward Osborne|url=http://militarytimes.com/citations-medals-awards/recipient.php?recipientid=3100|publisher=Gannett Government Media Corporation|accessdate=29 December 2012}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> There is a museum display of his medal.<ref name=nmpa/><ref group=upper-alpha name=times13/>
|-<!--Row 7-->
|align=left| [[File:Orlando Petty.jpg|75px]]
|align=left| {{sortname|Orlando H.|Petty|Orlando Henderson Petty}}
|align=center| Medical Corps, USNR
|align=center| {{dts|format=dmy|1918|06|11}}
|align=center| Yes
|align=left|Petty tended the wounded despite artillery and gas attacks, even after his gas mask was rendered useless.<ref>{{cite web|last=Military Times|title=Valor awards for Orlando Henderson Petty|url=http://militarytimes.com/citations-medals-awards/recipient.php?recipientid=2841|publisher=Gannett Government Media Corporation|accessdate=29 December 2012}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> There is a photograph of the recipient wearing his Tiffany Cross.<ref name=nh&hc3>{{cite web|authorlink=Naval History & Heritage Command|title=Lieutenant Orlando H. Petty, Medical Corps, USNRF (1874–1932)|url=http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/awd/us-indiv/petty/o-petty.htm|publisher=Department of the Navy|accessdate=29 December 2012|date=23 January 2008|author=Naval History & Heritage Command|archive-date=4 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104100707/http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/awd/us-indiv/petty/o-petty.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref group=upper-alpha name=times13/>
|-<!--Row 8-->
|align=left| [[File:Cukela Capt Louis USMC h79333.jpg|75px]]
|align=left| {{sortname|Louis|Cukela|Louis Cukela}}
|align=center| USMC
|align=center| {{dts|format=dmy|1918|07|18}}
|align=center| Yes<ref group=upper-alpha name=dualrecipient>Received both the Army and Navy versions of the Medal of Honor for the same action; one of nineteen people to receive two Medals of Honor.</ref>
|align=left|Cukela single-handedly attacked and captured a German [[strongpoint]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Military Times|title=Valor awards for Louis Cukela|url=http://militarytimes.com/citations-medals-awards/recipient.php?recipientid=2250|publisher=Gannett Government Media Corporation|accessdate=29 December 2012}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> There is a photograph of the recipient wearing his Tiffany Cross.<ref name=nh&hc/>
|-<!--Row 9-->
|align=left| [[File:Matej kocak.jpg|75px]]
|align=left  style="background:#e3d9ff;"| {{sortname|Matej|Kocak|Matej Kocak}}{{KIA}}
|align=center| USMC
|align=center| {{dts|format=dmy|1918|07|18}}
|align=center| Yes<ref group=upper-alpha name=dualrecipient/>
|align=left|Kocak single-handedly silenced a machine gun nest and led a successful attack on a second nest.<ref>{{cite web|last=Military Times|title=Valor awards for Matej Kocak|url=http://militarytimes.com/citations-medals-awards/recipient.php?recipientid=2322|publisher=Gannett Government Media Corporation|accessdate=29 December 2012}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> He meets the "actual conflict" criterion.
|-<!--Row 10-->
|align=left| [[File:JoelTBoone.jpg|75px]]
|align=left| {{sortname|Joel T.|Boone|Joel Thompson Boone}}
|align=center| Medical Corps, USN
|align=center| {{dts|format=dmy|1918|07|19}}
|align=center| Yes
|align=left|Boone exposed himself to intense fire in order to treat the wounded and bring in supplies.<ref>{{cite web|last=Military Times|title=Valor awards for Joel Thompson Boone|url=http://militarytimes.com/citations-medals-awards/recipient.php?recipientid=1694|publisher=Gannett Government Media Corporation|accessdate=29 December 2012}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> There is a photograph of the recipient wearing his Tiffany Cross.<ref name=nh&hc/><ref group=upper-alpha name=times13>One of the 13 recipients reported in the New York Times.</ref>
|-<!--Row 11-->
|align=left| [[File:Ensign Charles H Hammann.jpg|75px]]
|align=left| {{sortname|Charles H.|Hammann|Charles Hammann}}
|align=center| USN
|align=center| {{dts|format=dmy|1918|08|21}}
|align=center| Yes
|align=left|Hammann escued a fellow pilot who had been shot down.<ref>{{cite web|last=Military Times|title=Valor awards for Charles Hazeltine Hammann|url=http://militarytimes.com/citations-medals-awards/recipient.php?recipientid=432|publisher=Gannett Government Media Corporation|accessdate=29 December 2012}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> He is one of thirteen recipients receiving the ''Tiffany Cross'' from a single Department of the Navy  announcement issued 11 November 1920, many of whom present photographic evidence.<ref name=times/> He meets the "actual conflict" criterion.
|-<!--Row 12-->
|align=left| [[File:DavidEHayden.jpg|75px]]
|align=left| {{sortname|David E.|Hayden|David E. Hayden}}
|align=center| USN
|align=center| {{dts|format=dmy|1918|09|15}}
|align=center| Yes
|align=left|Hayden reached a wounded man, treated him, and carried him to safety despite intense fire.<ref>{{cite web|last=Military Times|title=Valor awards for David Ephraim Hayden|url=http://militarytimes.com/citations-medals-awards/recipient.php?recipientid=608|publisher=Gannett Government Media Corporation|accessdate=29 December 2012|archive-date=15 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015123849/http://www.militarytimes.com/citations-medals-awards/recipient.php?recipientid=608|url-status=dead}}</ref> He is one of thirteen recipients receiving the ''Tiffany Cross'' from a single Department of the Navy  announcement issued 11 November 1920, many of whom present photographic evidence.<ref name=times/> The is a museum display of his medal,<ref group=upper-alpha>On display at the [[Legion of Valor Museum]], Fresno, CA.{{cn|date=December 2012}}</ref> and he meets the "actual conflict" criterion.
|-<!--Row 13-->
|align=left| —
|align=left| {{sortname|John J.|Kelly|John J. Kelly}}
|align=center| USMC
|align=center| {{dts|format=dmy|1918|10|03}}
|align=center| Yes<ref group=upper-alpha name=dualrecipient/>
|align=left|Kelly single-handedly attacked a machine gun nest under an artillery barrage.<ref>{{cite web|last=Military Times|title=Valor awards for John Joseph Kelly|url=http://militarytimes.com/citations-medals-awards/recipient.php?recipientid=1950|publisher=Gannett Government Media Corporation|accessdate=29 December 2012}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> There is a painting of the recipient wearing his Tiffany Cross,<ref name=nh&hc4>{{cite web|authorlink=Naval History & Heritage Command|title=Private John J. Kelly, USMC, (1898–1957)|url=http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/pers-us/uspers-k/j-kelly.htm|publisher=Department of the Navy|accessdate=29 December 2012|date=11 June 2008|author=Naval History & Heritage Command|archive-date=5 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105115000/http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/pers-us/uspers-k/j-kelly.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> and there is a museum display of his medal.<ref group=upper-alpha name=USMCmuseum/>
|-<!--Row 14-->
|align=left| [[File:Pruitt JH USMC.jpg|75px]]
|align=left  style="background:#e3d9ff;"| {{sortname|John H.|Pruitt|John H. Pruitt}}{{KIA}}
|align=center| USMC
|align=center| {{dts|format=dmy|1918|10|03}}
|align=center| Yes<ref group=upper-alpha name=dualrecipient/>
|align=left|Pruitt single-handedly captured two machine guns and forty prisoners.<ref>{{cite web|last=Military Times|title=Valor awards for John Henry Pruitt|url=http://militarytimes.com/citations-medals-awards/recipient.php?recipientid=1929|publisher=Gannett Government Media Corporation|accessdate=29 December 2012|archive-date=15 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015153956/http://www.militarytimes.com/citations-medals-awards/recipient.php?recipientid=1929|url-status=dead}}</ref> There is a museum display of his medal,<ref group=upper-alpha name=USMCmuseum>On display at the [[National Museum of the Marine Corps]], Quantico, VA.{{cn|date=December 2012}}</ref> and he meets the "actual conflict" criterion.
|-<!--Row 15-->
|align=left| [[File:James Jonas Madison.jpg|75px]]
|align=left| {{sortname|James J.|Madison|James Jonas Madison}}
|align=center| USNR
|align=center| {{dts|format=dmy|1918|10|04}}
|align=center| Yes
|align=left|Madison continued to lead his ship after being severely wounded during a U-boat attack.<ref>{{cite web|last=Military Times|title=Valor awards for James Jonas Madison|url=http://militarytimes.com/citations-medals-awards/recipient.php?recipientid=1588|publisher=Gannett Government Media Corporation|accessdate=29 December 2012}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> There is a photograph of the recipient wearing his Tiffany Cross.<ref name=nh&hc2>{{cite web|authorlink=Naval History & Heritage Command|title=Commander James J. Madison, USNRF, 1888–1922|url=http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/pers-us/uspers-m/jj-madsn.htm|publisher=Department of the Navy|accessdate=29 December 2012|date=23 January 2008|author=Naval History & Heritage Command|archive-date=31 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531051810/http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/pers-us/uspers-m/jj-madsn.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref group=upper-alpha name=times13/>
|-<!--Row 16-->
|align=left| —
|align=left| {{sortname|John H.|Balch|John Henry Balch}}
|align=center| USNR
|align=center| {{dts|format=dmy|1918|10|05}}
|align=center| Yes
|align=left|Balch exposed himself to intense fire in order to treat the wounded and establish a dressing station.<ref>{{cite web|last=Military Times|title= Valor awards for John Henry Balch|url=http://militarytimes.com/citations-medals-awards/recipient.php?recipientid=1922|publisher=Gannett Government Media Corporation|accessdate=29 December 2012}}</ref> He is one of thirteen recipients receiving the ''Tiffany Cross'' from a single Department of the Navy  announcement issued 11 November 1920, many of whom present photographic evidence.<ref name=times/> He has a museum display of his medal,<ref group=upper-alpha name=reed/> and he meets the "actual conflict" criterion.
|-<!--Row 17-->
|align=left| [[File:Gunnery Sergeant Robert G. Robinson, USMC.jpg|75px]]
|align=left| {{sortname|Robert G.|Robinson|Robert G. Robinson}}
|align=center| USMC
|align=center| {{dts|format=dmy|1918|10|14}}
|align=center| Yes
|align=left|Robinson continued to fire his weapon after being severely wounded in an aerial battle against twelve German planes.<ref>{{cite web|last=Military Times|title=Valor awards for Robert Guy Robinson|url=http://militarytimes.com/citations-medals-awards/recipient.php?recipientid=2750|publisher=Gannett Government Media Corporation|accessdate=29 December 2012}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> There is a photograph of his medal's engraving,<ref name=nh&hc/><ref group=upper-alpha name=times13/> and museum display of the medal.<ref group=upper-alpha name=USMCmuseum/>
|-<!--Row 18-->
|align=left| [[File:RalphTalbot.jpg|75px]]
|align=left  style="background:#e3d9ff;"| {{sortname|Ralph|Talbot|Ralph Talbot}}{{KIA}}
|align=center| USMC
|align=center| {{dts|format=dmy|1918|10|14}}
|align=center| Yes
|align=left|Talbot, with gunner [[Robert G. Robinson]], shot down one plane in an aerial battle against twelve German aircraft.<ref>{{cite web|last=Military Times|title=Valor awards for Ralph Talbot|url=http://militarytimes.com/citations-medals-awards/recipient.php?recipientid=2613|publisher=Gannett Government Media Corporation|accessdate=29 December 2012}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> He is one of thirteen recipients receiving the ''Tiffany Cross'' from a single Department of the Navy  announcement issued 11 November 1920, many of whom present photographic evidence.<ref name=times/>  There is a museum display of his medal,<ref group=upper-alpha name=USMCmuseum/> and he meets the "actual conflict" criterion.
|-<!--Row 19-->
|align=center| —
|align=left| {{sortname|John O.|Siegel|John Otto Siegel}}
|align=center| USN
|align=center| {{dts|format=dmy|1918|11|01}}
|align=center| No
|align=left|Seigel rescued two men from a burning vessel before being trapped and collapsing from the smoke.<ref>{{cite web|last=Military Times|title=Valor awards for John Otto Siegel|url=http://militarytimes.com/citations-medals-awards/recipient.php?recipientid=1980|publisher=Gannett Government Media Corporation|accessdate=29 December 2012}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> There is a museum display of his medal.{{#Tag:ref|Collection of the [[Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County]], Los Angeles, CA.<ref>{{cite web|title=Reverse of John Otto Siegel's Tiffany Cross|url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Reverse_of_John_Otto_Siegel%27s_Tiffany_Cross.jpg|accessdate=29 December 2012}}</ref> |group=upper-alpha}}
|-<!--Row 20-->
|align=left| [[File:Floyd Bennett.jpg|75px]]
|align=left| {{sortname|Floyd|Bennett|Floyd Bennett}}
|align=center| USN
|align=center| {{dts|format=dmy|1926|05|09}}
|align=center| No
|align=left|Bennett's award if for his part in what was thought to be the first successful heavier-than-air flight to the North Pole and back.<ref>{{cite web|last=Military Times|title= Valor awards for Floyd Bennett|url=http://militarytimes.com/citations-medals-awards/recipient.php?recipientid=850|publisher=Gannett Government Media Corporation|accessdate=29 December 2012}}</ref> There is a photograph of the recipient receiving his medal.<ref name=byrd>{{cite web|title=Coolidge awarding Medal of Honor to Byrd and Bennett 1927|url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coolidge_awarding_Medal_of_Honor_to_Byrd_and_Bennett_1927.jpg|publisher=Library of Congress|accessdate=29 December 2012|authorlink=Library of Congress|year=1927}}</ref>
|-<!--Row 21-->
|align=left| [[File:Lt com r e byrd.jpg|75px]]
|align=left| {{sortname|Richard E.|Byrd|Richard E. Byrd}}
|align=center| USN
|align=center| {{dts|format=dmy|1926|05|09}}
|align=center| No
|align=left|Byrd's award is for leading what was thought to be the first successful heavier-than-air flight to the North Pole and back.<ref>{{cite web|last=Military Times|title= Valor awards for Richard Evelyn Byrd, Jr.|url=http://militarytimes.com/citations-medals-awards/recipient.php?recipientid=2673|publisher=Gannett Government Media Corporation|accessdate=29 December 2012}}</ref> There is a photograph of the recipient receiving his medal.<ref name=byrd/>
|-<!--Row 22-->
|align=left| [[File:Schilt CF USMC.jpg|75px]]
|align=left| {{sortname|Frank|Schilt|Christian F. Schilt}}
|align=center| USMC
|align=center| {{dts|format=dmy|1928|01|08}}
|align=center| Yes
|align=left|Schilt evacuated wounded Marines by plane while under fire.<ref>{{cite web|last=Military Times|title= Valor awards for Christian Franklin Schilt|url=http://militarytimes.com/citations-medals-awards/recipient.php?recipientid=492|publisher=Gannett Government Media Corporation|accessdate=29 December 2012}}</ref> There is a photograph of the recipient wearing his medal.<ref name=nh&hc/>
|-class=sortbottom
|}

==Related pages==
*[[List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War I]]
*[[List of Medal of Honor recipients during peacetime]]
*[[List of Medal of Honor recipients#Occupation of Nicaragua|List of Medal of Honor recipients during the Occupation of Nicaragua]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=upper-alpha}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Orders, decorations, and medals of the United States]]
[[Category:1919 establishments in the United States]]
[[Category:1942 disestablishments in the United States]]