User:Immanuelle/Chinkon-sai
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Chinkon-sai, also known as "mitama furi," "mitama shizume," "ō-mitama furi," and "tama shizume no matsuri," is a ritual of ancient and medieval Japan intended to "call back" and "pacify" a spirit that is attempting to depart from the body. This ceremony, detailed in the Commentary on the Legal Code (Ryō no gige), served to reinforce the spiritual strength of the emperor before he performed significant rituals like Daijosai and Niiname-sai.[1] It may have been inseparable from Daijosai in ancient times.[2]
As a state ritual under the Ritsuryō system, Chinkon-sai was scheduled on the "day of the lion" (tora) before these major rites. The first mention of this ritual occurs in the eleventh month of 685 in the Chronicles of Japan (Nihon shoki). It was typically conducted within the Imperial Household Ministry (Kunaishō), where a "seat" (kamiza) for the deity was prepared. Shrine virgins (mikannagi) and kagura-dancers (Sarume) from the Department of Divinities (Jingikan) performed the ceremony, with ministers and lesser officials attending and bearing the emperor's garments. A large vessel known as ukifunetsuki, used in the ceremony, is linked to the legend of the Heavenly Rock Cave (Ama no Iwato), though interpretations of its significance vary.[2][3]
Despite the Imperial Household Ministry buildings ceasing to exist after the Heian period, Chinkon-sai continued to be observed at the original site. The festival was abolished in the fifteenth century, but it was later revived in pre-modern times, albeit with changes to the traditional formula. Since the Meiji era, Chinkon-sai has been performed within the imperial palace. In the ancient and medieval eras, similar festivals for the pacification of the spirit were conducted for junior empresses and the crown prince.[2]
Notes[change | change source]
References[change | change source]
- ↑ "Chinkon-sai | 國學院大學デジタルミュージアム". web.archive.org. 2023-09-29. Retrieved 2024-04-26.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Matsumae, Takeshi (1980). "The Heavenly Rock-Grotto Myth and the Chinkon Ceremony". Asian Folklore Studies. 39 (2): 9–22. doi:10.2307/1178068. ISSN 0385-2342.
- ↑ Matsumae, Takeshi (1980). "The Heavenly Rock-Grotto Myth and the Chinkon Ceremony". Asian Folklore Studies. 39 (2): 9–22. doi:10.2307/1178068. ISSN 0385-2342.
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