Abdication
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The English Wiktionary has a dictionary definition (meanings of a word) for: abdication
Abdication is the act of resigning from an office (official job), especially from being the leader of a country. The word is normally used for kings and queens who decide to give up their position which brings an end to a reign.[1] The term is also used for popes.[2]
A similar term for an elected or appointed official is resignation.
King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom is an example of a king who abdicated.[3]
[change] Select list of abdications
- This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it.
- Pope Benedict IX, 1048[4]
- Stephen II of Hungary, 1131[1]
- Pope Celestine V, 1294[5]
- Richard II of England, 1399[1]
- Pope Gregory XII, 1415.[5]
- Murad II, Ottoman Sultan, 1444-1445[1]
- Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, 1556[1]
- Christina of Sweden, 1654[6]
- James II of England, 1688[7]
- Philip V of Spain, 1724[1]
- Ahmed III, Sultan of Turkey, 1730[1]
- Napoleon I, Emperor of France, 1814[8] and 1815[9]
- Charles X of France, 1830[1]
- Pedro I of Brazil, 1831[10]
- Miguel of Portugal, 1834[1]
- Louis Philippe I of France, 1848[1]
- Pope Benedict XVI, 2013.[5]
+ Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands, 2013
[change] References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 "Abdication," Encyclopædia Britannica (1911); retrieved 2013-2-11.
- ↑ "Abdication," Catholic Encyclopedia; retrieved 2013-2-11.
- ↑ "Edward VIII: Abdication timeline," BBC. 29 January 2003; retrieved 2013-2-11.
- ↑ "Pope Benedict IX", Catholic Encyclopedia; retrieved 2011-12-18.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Lizzy Davies. "Pope Benedict XVI resigns," Guardian UK). 11 February 2013; retrieved 2013-2-11.
- ↑ Masson, Georgina. (1968). Queen Christina, p. 175.
- ↑ "English Revolution of 1688", Catholic Encyclopedia; retrieved 2011-12-18.
- ↑ Pawly, Ronald. (2004). Napoleon's Imperial Headquarters, p. 4.
- ↑ Pawly, p. 52.
- ↑ Curtis, William Eleroy. (1888). The Capitals of Spanish America, pp. 688.
