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Population of Ballarat[change source]
We would like to add another section in this article. The new section will be about how the population was a problem in the Rebellion. Because when the population increased it got crowded which makes people stressed then angry and this is part of how the fight happened. In terms of population Ballarat is the third largest inland city in Australia.[4] Just months after Victoria was granted separation from the state of New South Wales, the Victorian gold rush transformed Ballarat from a small sheep station to a major settlement. Gold was discovered on 18 August 1851, and news quickly spread of rich alluvial fields where gold could easily be extracted.[5] Unlike many other gold boom towns, the Ballarat fields experienced sustained high gold yields for many decades, which can be evidenced to this day in the city's rich architecture.
The city is famous in Australia for the Eureka Rebellion, the only armed rebellion in Australian history. In response to this event the first male suffrage in Australia was instituted and as such Eureka is interpreted by some as the origin of democracy in Australia. The rebellion's symbol, the Eureka Flag, has become a national symbol and is held at the Museum of Australian Democracy at Eureka in Ballarat.
Proclaimed a city in 1871, its prosperity continued until late in the 19th century, after which its importance relative to both Melbourne and Geelong rapidly faded with the slowing of gold extraction. It has endured as a major regional centre hosting the rowing and kayaking events from the 1956 Summer Olympics. It is the commercial capital of the Central Highlands and its largest city, as well a significant tourist destination. Ballarat is known for its history, culture and its well-preserved Victorian era heritage, with much of the city subject to heritage overlays. After a narrow popular vote the city merged with the town of Ballarat East in 1921, ending a long-standing rivalry.
Contents
1 Location
2 History
2.1 Prehistory and European settlement
2.2 1850s: Gold rush
2.3 Victorian city
2.4 Declining fortunes
2.5 Since the 20th century
2.6 Military history
3 Geography
3.1 City and suburbs
3.2 Climate
4 Environment
4.1 Natural reserves and commons
4.2 Pollution
4.3 Activism and protection
5 Economy
5.1 Service industries
5.2 Manufacturing
5.3 Primary industry
6 Demographics
6.1 Religion
7 Governance
8 Media
8.1 Newspapers
8.2 Radio stations
8.3 Television
9 Education
10 Arts and culture
10.1 Heritage
10.2 Events and festivals
10.3 Entertainment
10.4 Sport and recreation
10.5 Popular culture
10.6 Notable persons
11 Infrastructure
11.1 Health
11.2 Utilities
11.3 Transport
12 Crime
13 References
14 Bibliography
15 External links
Location
While officially a part of the Central Highlands of Victoria, Ballarat is part of the Midlands geological region. More specifically it is situated on the Central Victorian Uplands.[6][7] Although significant deposits of gold have been mined in the area and mining continues to this day Ballarat is not part of Victoria's Goldfields region.
The first Gold Rush[change source]
The first Australian gold rush began in 1851. It was started by Edward Hargreaves, who had just returned from California gold rush. Although Hargreaves was unsuccessful at finding gold in California, he decided he would try to find some in his homeland. The first significant gold rush in the United States was in Cabarrus County, North Carolina (east of Charlotte), in 1799 at today's Reed's Gold Mine. Thirty years later, in 1829, the Georgia Gold Rush in the southern Appalachians occurred.
GOLD RUSHES[change source]
The earliest gold discovery in Australia was in 1823. The Government Surveyor,James McBrien ,was working in the region east of Bathurst when he found traces of gold on the banks of the fish river. Colonial governors were determined to suppress any news of gold finds. They feared that even a rumour would inspire convicts to escape and head to the source.If the colony's labor force suddenly. The first gold rush in Australia began in May 1851 after prospector Edward Hargraves claimed to have discovered payable gold near Orange, at a site he called Ophir Hargraves had been to the Californian goldfields and had learned new gold prospecting techniques such as panning and cradling. The fastest clipper ships cut the travel time from New York to San Francisco from seven months to four months in the 1849 Gold Rush.[1] A gold rush is a new discovery of gold—sometimes accompanied by other precious metals and rare earth minerals—that brings an onrush of miners seeking their fortune. Major gold rushes took place in the 19th century in Australia, New Zealand, Brazil, Canada, South Africa and the United States, while smaller gold rushes took place elsewhere.
The wealth that resulted was distributed widely because of reduced migration costs and low barriers to entry. While gold mining itself was unprofitable for most diggers and mine owners, some people made large fortunes, and the merchants and transportation facilities made large profits. The resulting increase in the world's gold supply stimulated global trade and investment. Historians have written extensively about the migration, trade, colonization and environmental history associated with gold rushes.[2]
Gold rushes were typically marked by a general buoyant feeling of a "free for all" in income mobility, in which any single individual might become abundantly wealthy almost instantly, as expressed in the California Dream.
Gold rushes helped spur a huge immigration that often led to permanent settlement of new regions. Activities propelled by gold rushes define significant aspects of the culture of the Australian and North American frontiers. At a time when the world's money supply was based on gold, the newly mined gold provided economic stimulus far beyond the gold fields.
Gold rushes extend as far back to the Roman Empire, whose gold mining was described by Diodorus Siculus and Pliny the Elder, and probably further back to Ancient Egypt.
Contents
1 Life cycle of a gold rush
2 Gold rushes by region
2.1 Australia
2.2 New Zealand
2.3 North America
2.3.1 Klondike
2.4 South Africa
2.5 South America
3 Mining industry today
4 Notable gold rushes by date
4.1 Rushes of the 18th century
4.2 Rushes of the 1820s
4.3 Rushes of the 1840s
4.4 Rushes of the 1850s
4.5 Rushes of the 1860s
4.6 Rushes of the 1870s
4.7 Rushes of the 1880s
4.8 Rushes of the 1890s
4.9 Rushes of the 1900s–1910s
4.10 Rushes of the 1930s
4.11 Rushes of the 1970s
4.12 Rushes of the 1980s
4.13 Rushes of the 21st century
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Life cycle of a gold rush
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Panning for gold on the Mokelumne River
A man leans over a wooden sluice. Rocks line the outside of the wood boards that create the sluice.
Swedish gold panners by the Blackfoot River, Montana in the 1860s
Jets of water at a placer mine in Dutch Flat, California sometime between 1857 and 1870 Within each mining rush there is typically a transition through progressively higher capital expenditures, larger organizations, and more specialized knowledge. They may also progress from high-unit value to lower unit value minerals (from gold to silver to base metals).
A rush typically begins with the discovery of placer gold made by an individual. At first the gold may be washed from the sand and gravel by individual miners with little training, using a gold pan or similar simple instrument. Once it is clear that the volume of gold-bearing sediment is larger than a few cubic metres, the placer miners will build rockers or sluice boxes, with which a small group can wash gold from the sediment many times faster than using gold pans. Winning the gold in this manner requires almost no capital investment, only a simple pan or equipment that may be built on the spot, and only simple organisation. The low investment, the high value per unit weight of gold, and the ability of gold dust and gold nuggets to serve as a medium of exchange, allow placer gold rushes to occur even in remote locations.
After the sluice-box stage, placer mining may become increasingly large scale, requiring larger organisations and higher capital expenditures. Small claims owned and mined by individuals may need to be merged into larger tracts. Difficult-to-reach placer deposits may be mined by tunnels. Water may be diverted by dams and canals to placer mine active river beds or to deliver water needed to wash dry placers. The more advanced techniques of ground sluicing, hydraulic mining and dredging may be used.
Typically the heyday of a placer gold rush would last only a few years. The free gold supply in stream beds would become depleted somewhat quickly, and the initial phase would be followed by prospecting for veins of lode gold that were the original source of the placer gold. Hard rock mining, like placer mining, may evolve from low capital investment and simple technology to progressively higher capital and technology. The surface outcrop of a gold-bearing vein may be oxidized, so that the gold occurs as native gold, and the ore needs only to be crushed and washed (free milling ore). The first miners may at first build a simple arrastra to crush their ore; later, they may build stamp mills to crush ore more quickly. As the miners dig down, they may find that the deeper part of vein contains gold locked in sulfide or telluride minerals, which will require smelting. If the ore is still sufficiently rich, it may be worth shipping to a distant smelter (direct shipping ore). Lower-grade ore may require on-site treatment to either recover the gold or to produce a concentrate sufficiently rich for transport to the smelter. As the district turns to lower-grade ore, the mining may change from underground mining to large open-pit mining.
Many silver rushes followed upon gold rushes. As transportation and infrastructure improve, the focus may change progressively from gold to silver to base metals. In this way, Leadville, Colorado started as a placer gold discovery, achieved fame as a silver-mining district, then relied on lead and zinc in its later days. Butte, Montana began mining placer gold, then became a silver-mining district, then became for a time the world’s largest copper producer.
Gold rushes by region Australia Main article: Australian gold rushes
Ballarat's tent city in the summer of 1853–54, oil painting from an original sketch by Eugene von Guerard Various gold rushes occurred in Australia over the second half of the 19th century. The most significant of these, although not the only ones, were the New South Wales gold rush and Victorian gold rush in 1851,[3] and the Western Australian gold rushes of the 1890s. They were highly significant to their respective colonies' political and economic development as they brought a large number of immigrants, and promoted massive government spending on infrastructure to support the new arrivals who came looking for gold. While some found their fortune, those who did not often remained in the colonies and took advantage of extremely liberal land laws to take up farming.
Gold rushes happened at or around:
Ballarat, Victoria Bathurst, New South Wales Beechworth, Victoria Bendigo, Victoria Canoona, Queensland Charters Towers, Queensland Coolgardie, Western Australia Gympie, Queensland Gulgong, New South Wales Halls Creek, Western Australia Hill End, New South Wales Kalgoorlie, Western Australia Queenstown, Tasmania New Zealand In New Zealand the Central Otago Gold Rush from 1861 attracted prospectors from the California Gold Rush and the Victorian Gold Rush and many moved on to the West Coast Gold Rush from 1864.
North America See also: Gold mining in the United States The first significant gold rush in the United States was in Cabarrus County, North Carolina (east of Charlotte), in 1799 at today's Reed's Gold Mine.[4] Thirty years later, in 1829, the Georgia Gold Rush in the southern Appalachians occurred. It was followed by the California Gold Rush of 1848–55 in the Sierra Nevada, which captured the popular imagination. The California gold rush led directly to the settlement of California by Americans and the rapid entry of that state into the union in 1850. The gold rush in 1849 stimulated worldwide interest in prospecting for gold, and led to new rushes in Australia, South Africa, Wales and Scotland. Successive gold rushes occurred in western North America: Fraser Canyon, the Cariboo district and other parts of British Columbia, in Nevada, in the Rocky Mountains in Colorado, Idaho, Montana, eastern Oregon, and western New Mexico Territory and along the lower Colorado River. Resurrection Creek, near Hope, Alaska was the site of Alaska's first gold rush in the mid–1890s.[5] Other notable Alaska Gold Rushes were Nome and the Fortymile River.
Miners and prospectors ascend the Chilkoot Trail during the Klondike Gold Rush.
Klondike
Main article: Klondike Gold Rush
One of the last "great gold rushes" was the Klondike Gold Rush in Canada's Yukon Territory (1896–99). This gold rush is immortalised in the novels of Jack London, and Charlie Chaplin's film The Gold Rush. Robert William Service depicted with talent in his poetries the dramatic event of the Gold Rush, especially in the book The Trail of '98.[6] The main goldfield was along the south flank of the Klondike River near its confluence with the Yukon River near what was to become Dawson City in Canada's Yukon Territory but it also helped open up the relatively new US possession of Alaska to exploration and settlement and promoted the discovery of other gold finds.
South Africa In South Africa, the Witwatersrand Gold Rush in the Transvaal was important to that country's history, leading to the founding of Johannesburg and tensions between the Boers and British settlers.
South African gold production went from zero in 1886 to 23% of the total world output in 1896. At the time of the South African rush, gold production benefited from the newly discovered techniques by Scottish chemists, the MacArthur-Forrest process, of using potassium cyanide to extract gold from low-grade ore.[7]
South America
5-gram gold coin from Tierra del Fuego by Julius Popper Further information: Brazilian Gold Rush and Tierra del Fuego gold rush Between 1883 and 1906 Tierra del Fuego experienced a gold rush attracting a large number of Chileans, Argentines and Europeans to the archipelago. The gold rush begun in 1884 following discovery of gold during the rescue of the French steamship Arctique near Cape Virgenes.[8]
Mining industry today There are about 10 to 30 million small-scale miners around the world, according to Communities and Small-Scale Mining (CASM). Approximately 100 million people are directly or indirectly dependent on small-scale mining. For example, there are 800,000 to 1.5 million artisanal miners in Democratic Republic of Congo, 350,000 to 650,000 in Sierra Leone, and 150,000 to 250,000 in Ghana, with millions more across Africa
The Rybka Twins[change source]
The rybka twins first started dancing at the age of six, although they have studied acrobatics since they were just three years old. Acrobatics continues to remain a favorite genre for the sisters, but they often fuse their acro skills with their dance teachnique to create unique, show-stopping routing.
The rybka twins[change source]
Here,learn more about proam dancer of the year teagan and her eqaully talented twin sister,samanthan.The rybka twins first started dancing at the age of six,althou they have studied acrobatics since they were just three years old.