List of epidemics: Difference between revisions
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|Unknown, probably [[typhoid]] |
|Unknown, probably [[typhoid]] |
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|430-425 [[Before christ|BCE]] |
|430-425 [[Before christ|BCE]] |
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|[[Greece]] |
| rowspan="2" |[[Greece]] |
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|75,000-100,000 |
|75,000-100,000 |
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|Unknown, possibly an [[influenza]] |
|Unknown, possibly an [[influenza]] |
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|412 BCE |
|412 BCE |
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|Greece |
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|Europe and [[Western Asia|West Asia]] |
|Europe and [[Western Asia|West Asia]] |
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|25-100 million (20-60% of European population) |
|25-100 million (20-60% of European population) |
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|- |
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|[[735–737 Japanese smallpox epidemic|Japanese smallpox epidemic]] |
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|Smallpoc |
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|735-737 |
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|[[Japan]] |
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|2 million |
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|[[Black Death]] |
|[[Black Death]] |
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|Europe, [[Asia]] and [[North Africa]] |
|Europe, [[Asia]] and [[North Africa]] |
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|75-200 million (40-60% of European population) |
|75-200 million (40-60% of European population) |
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|- |
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|[[History of smallpox in Mexico|Mexican Smallpox]] |
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|Smallpox |
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|1519-1520 |
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| rowspan="2" |[[Spanish Empire|Mexico]] |
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|5-8 million |
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|[[Cocoliztli Epidemic of 1545–1548|Cocoliztli Epidemic]] |
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|[[Cocoliztli]] |
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|1545-1578 |
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|5-15 million |
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|[[Italian Plague of 1629-1631|Italian Plague]] |
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|Bubonic Plague |
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|1629-1631 |
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| rowspan="2" |[[Italy]] |
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|1 million |
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|- |
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|[[Naples Plague]] |
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|Bubonic Plague |
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|1656-1658 |
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|1.25 million |
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|[[Great Plague of London]] |
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|Bubonic Plague |
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|1665-1666 |
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|[[Great Britain|United Kingdom]] |
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|100,000+ |
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|[[Persian plague of 1772-1773|Persian Plague]] |
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|Bubonic Plague |
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|1772-1773 |
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|[[Persian|Persia]] ([[Iran]]) |
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|2 million |
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|First cholera outbreak |
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|[[Cholera]] |
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|1817-1824 |
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|Asia |
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|100,000+ |
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|Second cholera outbreak |
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|Cholera |
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|1826-1837 |
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|Europe, Asia, [[North America]] |
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|100,000+ |
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|- |
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|[[Third cholera pandemic|Third cholera outbreak]] |
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|Cholera |
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|1846-1860 |
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|Europe and Asia |
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|1 million+ |
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|[[Third plague pandemic|Third Plague pandemic]] |
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|Bubonic Plague |
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|1855-1960 |
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|[[World|Worldwide]] |
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|12-15 million |
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|- |
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|Fourth cholera outbreak |
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|Cholera |
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|1863-1875 |
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|Europe, Asia, Africa |
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|500,000 |
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|- |
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|Fifth cholera outbreak |
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|Cholera |
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|1881-1896 |
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|Europe, Asia, Africa, [[South America]] |
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|200,000+ |
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|- |
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|[[1889-1890 pandemic|1889-1890 flu pandemic]] |
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|[[Influenza]] |
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|1889-1890 |
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|Worldwide |
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|1 million |
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|- |
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|Sixth cholera outbreak |
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|Cholera |
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|1899-1923 |
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|Europe, Asia, Africa |
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|800,000+ |
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|- |
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|[[Spanish flu|Spanish Flu]] |
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|Influenza |
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|1918-1920 |
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|Worldwide |
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|20-100 million (Death rate: 1-4.5%) |
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|- |
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|[[Epidemic typhus|Russian Typhus epidemic]] |
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|[[Typhus]] |
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|1918-1922 |
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|Russia |
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|2-3 million |
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|- |
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|Asian Flu |
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|Influenza (H2N2) |
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|1957-1958 |
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| rowspan="4" |Worldwide |
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| rowspan="2" |1-4 million (estimate) |
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|- |
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|Hong Kong Flu |
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|Influenza (H3N2) |
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|1968-1969 |
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|- |
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|[[Russian Flu]] |
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|Influenza (H1N1) |
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|1977-1979 |
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|700,000 |
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|- |
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|HIV/AIDS Pandemic |
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|[[HIV/AIDS]] |
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|1981-present |
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|32 million+ (As of 2019) |
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|- |
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|[[Severe acute respiratory syndrome|2002-04 SARS outbreak]] |
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|[[Severe acute respiratory syndrome|SARS-CoV]] |
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|2002-2003 (Possible till 2004) |
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|Asia |
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|774 |
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|- |
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|[[2009 flu pandemic]] |
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|Influenza (H1N1) |
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|2009-2010 |
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|Worldwide |
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|200,000+ (Range of 150,000-500,000) |
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|- |
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|[[MERS]] ([[Coronavirus]]) |
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|[[MERS-CoV]] |
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|2012-2015 |
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|[[Middle East]], [[South Korea]] |
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|900+ (As of 2020) |
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|- |
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|African Ebola epidemic |
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|[[Ebola virus]] |
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|2013-2016 |
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|[[West Africa]] |
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|10,000+ |
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|- |
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|2017-18 United States seasonal flu |
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|Seasonal flu |
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|2017-2018 |
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|[[United States]] |
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|60,000 (45,000-90,000) |
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|- |
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|Yemen cholera |
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|Cholera |
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|2016-present |
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|[[Yemen]] |
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|3,800+ (As of 2020) |
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|- |
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|[[COVID-19 pandemic]] |
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|[[COVID-19]] ([[Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2|SARS-CoV-2]]) |
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|2019-present |
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|Worldwide |
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|3 million+ (As of April 2021) |
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Revision as of 23:10, 9 May 2021
This article is a list of major pandemics and epidemics caused by infectious diseases in human history. Epidemics caused by non-communicable diseases are not on this list.
Top epidemics by death toll
These are pandemics more than 1 million death. Events in boldface are ongoing. For a given epidemic, the average of its estimated death toll range is used for ranking. If the death toll averages of two or more epidemics equal, then the smaller the range, the higher the rank. The most fatal pandemic was the Black Death in Europe duirng the Middle Age. The current pandemics are HIV/AIDS and COVID-19.
Rank | Epidemics/pandemics | Disease | Death toll | Date | Location |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Black Death | Bubonic plague | 75–200 million | 1346–1353 | Europe, Asia, and North Africa |
2 | Spanish flu | Influenza A/H1N1 | 17–100 million | 1918-1920 | Worldwide |
3 | Plague of Justinian | Bubonic plague | 15–100 million | 541–549 | Europe and West Asia |
4 | HIV/AIDS pandemic | HIV/AIDS | 35 million+ (As of 2019) | 1981-present | Worldwide |
5 | Third plague pandemic | Plague | 12–15 million | 1855-1960 | Worldwide |
6 | Cocoliztli Epidemic of 1545–1548 | Cocoliztli | 5–15 million | 1545–1548 | Mexico |
7 | Antonine Plague | Smallpox or measles | 5–10 million | 165–180 | Roman Empire |
8 | 1520 Mexico smallpox epidemic | Smallpox | 5–8 million | 1519–1520 | Mexico |
9 | COVID-19 pandemic | COVID-19 | 3 million+ (As of April 2021) | 2019-present | Worldwide |
10 | 1918–1922 Russia typhus epidemic | Typhus | 2–3 million | 1918–1922 | Russia |
11 | Asian Flu | Influenza A/H2N2 | 1–4 million | 1957-1958 | Worldwide |
Hong Kong flu | Influenza A/H3N2 | 1968-1970 | Worldwide | ||
13 | 1772–1773 Persian Plague | Bubonic plague | 2 million+ | 1772-1773 | Persia (Present day in Iran) |
14 | 735–737 Japanese smallpox epidemic | Smallpox | 2 million | 735-737 | Japan |
16 | Naples Plague | Plague | 1.25 million | 1656-1658 | Italy |
17 | Third cholera pandemic | Cholera | 1 million+ | 1846-1860 | Worldwide |
18 | 1629–1631 Italian plague | Bubonic plague | 1 million | 1629-1631 | Italy |
1889–1890 flu pandemic | Influenza | 1889-1890 | Worldwide |
Worldwide Pandemics
Pandemic | Disease | Date | Location | Death toll (estimate) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Third cholera pandemic | cholera | 1852–1860 | Worldwide | 1 million |
Third plague pandemic | bubonic plague | 1855–1950 | Worldwide | 12-15 million |
1889–1890 flu pandemic | Influenza | 1889–1890 | Worldwide | 1 million |
1918 flu pandemic | Influenza (H1N1 strain) | 1918–1920 | Worldwide | 15-100 million |
Asian Flu | Influenza (H2N2 strain) | 1957–1958 | Worldwide | 1-4 million |
Hong Kong flu | Influenza (H3N2 strain) | 1968–1969 | Worldwide | 1-4 million |
Russian Flu | Influenza (H1N1 strain) | 1977-1979 | Worldwide | 700,000 |
HIV/AIDS pandemic | HIV/AIDS | 1981–present | Worldwide | 32 million+ |
2009 flu pandemic | Influenza (H1N1 as new strain) | 2009-2010 | Worldwide | 284,000 (175,000-575,000) |
COVID-19 pandemic | COVID-19 | 2019-present | Worldwide | 3 million+ (As of May 2021) |
Pandemics throughout history
Epidemic | Disease | Date | Location | Death toll (estimate) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Plague of Athens | Unknown, probably typhoid | 430-425 BCE | Greece | 75,000-100,000 |
412 BC Epidemic | Unknown, possibly an influenza | 412 BCE | ||
Antonine Plague | Unknown, possibly smallpox | 165-180 | Roman Empire | 5-10 million |
Plague of Cyprian | Unknown, possibly smallpox | c. 250-265 | Europe | |
Plague of Justinian | Bubonic Plague | 541-542 | Europe and West Asia | 25-100 million (20-60% of European population) |
Japanese smallpox epidemic | Smallpoc | 735-737 | Japan | 2 million |
Black Death | Bubonic Plague | c. 1346-1352 | Europe, Asia and North Africa | 75-200 million (40-60% of European population) |
Mexican Smallpox | Smallpox | 1519-1520 | Mexico | 5-8 million |
Cocoliztli Epidemic | Cocoliztli | 1545-1578 | 5-15 million | |
Italian Plague | Bubonic Plague | 1629-1631 | Italy | 1 million |
Naples Plague | Bubonic Plague | 1656-1658 | 1.25 million | |
Great Plague of London | Bubonic Plague | 1665-1666 | United Kingdom | 100,000+ |
Persian Plague | Bubonic Plague | 1772-1773 | Persia (Iran) | 2 million |
First cholera outbreak | Cholera | 1817-1824 | Asia | 100,000+ |
Second cholera outbreak | Cholera | 1826-1837 | Europe, Asia, North America | 100,000+ |
Third cholera outbreak | Cholera | 1846-1860 | Europe and Asia | 1 million+ |
Third Plague pandemic | Bubonic Plague | 1855-1960 | Worldwide | 12-15 million |
Fourth cholera outbreak | Cholera | 1863-1875 | Europe, Asia, Africa | 500,000 |
Fifth cholera outbreak | Cholera | 1881-1896 | Europe, Asia, Africa, South America | 200,000+ |
1889-1890 flu pandemic | Influenza | 1889-1890 | Worldwide | 1 million |
Sixth cholera outbreak | Cholera | 1899-1923 | Europe, Asia, Africa | 800,000+ |
Spanish Flu | Influenza | 1918-1920 | Worldwide | 20-100 million (Death rate: 1-4.5%) |
Russian Typhus epidemic | Typhus | 1918-1922 | Russia | 2-3 million |
Asian Flu | Influenza (H2N2) | 1957-1958 | Worldwide | 1-4 million (estimate) |
Hong Kong Flu | Influenza (H3N2) | 1968-1969 | ||
Russian Flu | Influenza (H1N1) | 1977-1979 | 700,000 | |
HIV/AIDS Pandemic | HIV/AIDS | 1981-present | 32 million+ (As of 2019) | |
2002-04 SARS outbreak | SARS-CoV | 2002-2003 (Possible till 2004) | Asia | 774 |
2009 flu pandemic | Influenza (H1N1) | 2009-2010 | Worldwide | 200,000+ (Range of 150,000-500,000) |
MERS (Coronavirus) | MERS-CoV | 2012-2015 | Middle East, South Korea | 900+ (As of 2020) |
African Ebola epidemic | Ebola virus | 2013-2016 | West Africa | 10,000+ |
2017-18 United States seasonal flu | Seasonal flu | 2017-2018 | United States | 60,000 (45,000-90,000) |
Yemen cholera | Cholera | 2016-present | Yemen | 3,800+ (As of 2020) |
COVID-19 pandemic | COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) | 2019-present | Worldwide | 3 million+ (As of April 2021) |