List of epidemics: Difference between revisions

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! style="width:10%;" | Epidemic
! style="width:10%;" | Epidemic
⚫
! style="width:10%;" | Disease
! style="width:10%;" | Date
! style="width:10%;" | Date
! style="width:10%;" | Location
! style="width:10%;" | Location
⚫
! style="width:10%;" | Disease
! style="width:10%;" | Death toll (estimate)
! style="width:10%;" | Death toll (estimate)
|-
|-
|[[Plague of Athens]]
|[[Plague of Athens]]
⚫
|Unknown, probably [[typhoid]]
|430-425 [[Before christ|BCE]]
|430-425 [[Before christ|BCE]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Greece]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Greece]]
⚫
|Unknown, probably [[typhoid]]
|75,000-100,000
|75,000-100,000
|-
|-
|412 BC Epidemic
|412 BC Epidemic
⚫
|Unknown, possibly an [[influenza]]
|412 BCE
|412 BCE
⚫
|Unknown, possibly an [[influenza]]
|
|
|-
|-
| [[Antonine Plague]]
| [[Antonine Plague]]
⚫
| Unknown, possibly [[smallpox]]
|165-180
|165-180
|Roman Empire
|Roman Empire
⚫
| Unknown, possibly [[smallpox]]
|5-10 million
|5-10 million
|-
|-
|Plague of Cyprian
|Plague of Cyprian
⚫
|Unknown, possibly smallpox
|c. 250-265
|c. 250-265
|[[Europe]]
|[[Europe]]
⚫
|Unknown, possibly smallpox
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Plague of Justinian]]
|[[Plague of Justinian]]
⚫
|[[Bubonic plague|Bubonic Plague]]
|541-542
|541-542
|Europe and [[Western Asia|West Asia]]
|Europe and [[Western Asia|West Asia]]
⚫
|[[Bubonic plague|Bubonic Plague]]
|25-100 million (20-60% of European population)
|25-100 million (20-60% of European population)
|-
|-
|[[735–737 Japanese smallpox epidemic|Japanese smallpox epidemic]]
|[[735–737 Japanese smallpox epidemic|Japanese smallpox epidemic]]
⚫
|Smallpox
|735-737
|735-737
|[[Japan]]
|[[Japan]]
⚫
|Smallpox
|2 million
|2 million
|-
|-
|[[Black Death]]
|[[Black Death]]
⚫
|Bubonic Plague
|c. 1346-1352
|c. 1346-1352
|Europe, [[Asia]] and [[North Africa]]
|Europe, [[Asia]] and [[North Africa]]
⚫
|Bubonic Plague
|75-200 million (40-60% of European population)
|75-200 million (40-60% of European population)
|-
|-
|[[History of smallpox in Mexico|Mexican Smallpox]]
|[[History of smallpox in Mexico|Mexican Smallpox]]
⚫
|Smallpox
|1519-1520
|1519-1520
| rowspan="2" |[[Spanish Empire|Mexico]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Spanish Empire|Mexico]]
⚫
|Smallpox
|5-8 million
|5-8 million
|-
|-
|[[Cocoliztli Epidemic of 1545–1548|Cocoliztli Epidemic]]
|[[Cocoliztli Epidemic of 1545–1548|Cocoliztli Epidemic]]
⚫
|[[Cocoliztli]]
|1545-1578
|1545-1578
⚫
|[[Cocoliztli]]
|5-15 million
|5-15 million
|-
|-
|[[Italian Plague of 1629-1631|Italian Plague]]
|[[Italian Plague of 1629-1631|Italian Plague]]
⚫
|Bubonic Plague
|1629-1631
|1629-1631
| rowspan="2" |[[Italy]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Italy]]
⚫
|Bubonic Plague
|1 million
|1 million
|-
|-
|[[Naples Plague]]
|[[Naples Plague]]
⚫
|Bubonic Plague
|1656-1658
|1656-1658
⚫
|Bubonic Plague
|1.25 million
|1.25 million
|-
|-
|[[Great Plague of London]]
|[[Great Plague of London]]
⚫
|Bubonic Plague
|1665-1666
|1665-1666
|[[Great Britain|United Kingdom]]
|[[Great Britain|United Kingdom]]
⚫
|Bubonic Plague
|100,000+
|100,000+
|-
|-
|[[Persian plague of 1772-1773|Persian Plague]]
|[[Persian plague of 1772-1773|Persian Plague]]
⚫
|Bubonic Plague
|1772-1773
|1772-1773
|[[Persian|Persia]] ([[Iran]])
|[[Persian|Persia]] ([[Iran]])
⚫
|Bubonic Plague
|2 million
|2 million
|-
|-
|First cholera outbreak
|First cholera outbreak
⚫
|[[Cholera]]
|1817-1824
|1817-1824
|Asia
|Asia
⚫
|[[Cholera]]
|100,000+
|100,000+
|-
|-
|Second cholera outbreak
|Second cholera outbreak
⚫
|Cholera
|1826-1837
|1826-1837
|Europe, Asia, [[North America]]
|Europe, Asia, [[North America]]
⚫
|Cholera
|100,000+
|100,000+
|-
|-
|[[Third cholera pandemic|Third cholera outbreak]]
|[[Third cholera pandemic|Third cholera outbreak]]
⚫
|Cholera
|1846-1860
|1846-1860
|Europe and Asia
|Europe and Asia
⚫
|Cholera
|1 million+
|1 million+
|-
|-
|[[Third plague pandemic|Third Plague pandemic]]
|[[Third plague pandemic|Third Plague pandemic]]
⚫
|Bubonic Plague
|1855-1960
|1855-1960
|[[World|Worldwide]]
|[[World|Worldwide]]
⚫
|Bubonic Plague
|12-15 million
|12-15 million
|-
|-
|Fourth cholera outbreak
|Fourth cholera outbreak
⚫
|Cholera
|1863-1875
|1863-1875
|Europe, Asia, Africa
|Europe, Asia, Africa
⚫
|Cholera
|500,000
|500,000
|-
|-
|Fifth cholera outbreak
|Fifth cholera outbreak
⚫
|Cholera
|1881-1896
|1881-1896
|Europe, Asia, Africa, [[South America]]
|Europe, Asia, Africa, [[South America]]
⚫
|Cholera
|200,000+
|200,000+
|-
|-
|[[1889-1890 pandemic|1889-1890 flu pandemic]]
|[[1889-1890 pandemic|1889-1890 flu pandemic]]
⚫
|[[Influenza]]
|1889-1890
|1889-1890
|Worldwide
|Worldwide
⚫
|[[Influenza]]
|1 million
|1 million
|-
|-
|Sixth cholera outbreak
|Sixth cholera outbreak
⚫
|Cholera
|1899-1923
|1899-1923
|Europe, Asia, Africa
|Europe, Asia, Africa
⚫
|Cholera
|800,000+
|800,000+
|-
|-
|[[Spanish flu|Spanish Flu]]
|[[Spanish flu|Spanish Flu]]
⚫
|Influenza
|1918-1920
|1918-1920
|Worldwide
|Worldwide
⚫
|Influenza
|20-100 million (Death rate: 1-4.5%)
|20-100 million (Death rate: 1-4.5%)
|-
|-
|[[Epidemic typhus|Russian Typhus epidemic]]
|[[Epidemic typhus|Russian Typhus epidemic]]
⚫
|[[Typhus]]
|1918-1922
|1918-1922
|Russia
|Russia
⚫
|[[Typhus]]
|2-3 million
|2-3 million
|-
|-
|[[1957–1958 influenza pandemic|Asian Flu]]
|[[1957–1958 influenza pandemic|Asian Flu]]
⚫
|Influenza (H2N2)
|1957-1958
|1957-1958
| rowspan="4" |Worldwide
| rowspan="4" |Worldwide
⚫
|Influenza (H2N2)
| rowspan="2" |1-4 million (estimate)
| rowspan="2" |1-4 million (estimate)
|-
|-
|[[1968-69 influenza pandemic|Hong Kong Flu]]
|[[1968-69 influenza pandemic|Hong Kong Flu]]
⚫
|Influenza (H3N2)
|1968-1969
|1968-1969
⚫
|Influenza (H3N2)
|-
|-
|[[Russian Flu]]
|[[Russian Flu]]
⚫
|Influenza (H1N1)
|1977-1979
|1977-1979
⚫
|Influenza (H1N1)
|700,000
|700,000
|-
|-
|'''HIV/AIDS Pandemic'''
|'''HIV/AIDS Pandemic'''
⚫
|'''1981-present'''
|'''[[HIV/AIDS]]'''
|'''[[HIV/AIDS]]'''
⚫
|'''1981-present'''
|'''32 million+ (As of 2019)'''
|'''32 million+ (As of 2019)'''
|-
|-
|[[Severe acute respiratory syndrome|2002-04 SARS outbreak]]
|[[Severe acute respiratory syndrome|2002-04 SARS outbreak]]
⚫
|[[Severe acute respiratory syndrome|SARS-CoV]]
|2002-2004
|2002-2004
|Asia
|Asia
⚫
|[[Severe acute respiratory syndrome|SARS-CoV]]
|774
|774
|-
|-
|[[2009 flu pandemic]]
|[[2009 flu pandemic]]
⚫
|Influenza (H1N1)
|2009-2010
|2009-2010
|Worldwide
|Worldwide
⚫
|Influenza (H1N1)
|200,000+ (Range of 150,000-500,000)
|200,000+ (Range of 150,000-500,000)
|-
|-
|[[MERS]] ([[Coronavirus]])
|[[MERS]] ([[Coronavirus]])
⚫
|[[MERS-CoV]]
|2012-2015
|2012-2015
|[[Middle East]], [[South Korea]]
|[[Middle East]], [[South Korea]]
⚫
|[[MERS-CoV]]
|900+ (As of 2020)
|900+ (As of 2020)
|-
|-
|African Ebola epidemic
|African Ebola epidemic
⚫
|[[Ebola virus]]
|2013-2016
|2013-2016
|[[West Africa]]
|[[West Africa]]
⚫
|[[Ebola virus]]
|10,000+
|10,000+
|-
|-
|2017-18 United States seasonal flu
|2017-18 United States seasonal flu
⚫
|Seasonal flu
|2017-2018
|2017-2018
|[[United States]]
|[[United States]]
⚫
|Seasonal flu
|60,000 (45,000-90,000)
|60,000 (45,000-90,000)
|-
|-
|Yemen cholera
|Yemen cholera
⚫
|Cholera
|2016-present
|2016-present
|[[Yemen]]
|[[Yemen]]
⚫
|Cholera
|3,800+ (As of 2020)
|3,800+ (As of 2020)
|-
|-
|[[COVID-19 pandemic|'''COVID-19 pandemic''']]
|[[COVID-19 pandemic|'''COVID-19 pandemic''']]
⚫
|'''[[COVID-19]] ([[Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2|SARS-CoV-2]])'''
|'''2019-present'''
|'''2019-present'''
|'''Worldwide'''
|'''Worldwide'''
⚫
|'''[[COVID-19]] ([[Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2|SARS-CoV-2]])'''
|'''3 million+ (As of April 2021)'''
|'''3 million+ (As of April 2021)'''
|}
|}

Revision as of 23:21, 9 May 2021

This article is a list of major pandemics and epidemics caused by infectious diseases in human history. Epidemics caused by non-communicable diseases are not on this list.

Top epidemics by death toll

These are pandemics more than 1 million death. Events in boldface are ongoing. For a given epidemic, the average of its estimated death toll range is used for ranking. If the death toll averages of two or more epidemics equal, then the smaller the range, the higher the rank. The most fatal pandemic was the Black Death in Europe duirng the Middle Age. The current pandemics are HIV/AIDS and COVID-19.

Epidemics and pandemics with at least 1 million deaths
Rank Epidemics/pandemics Disease Death toll Date Location
1 Black Death Bubonic plague 75–200 million 1346–1353 Europe, Asia, and North Africa
2 Spanish flu Influenza A/H1N1 17–100 million 1918-1920 Worldwide
3 Plague of Justinian Bubonic plague 15–100 million 541–549 Europe and West Asia
4 HIV/AIDS pandemic HIV/AIDS 35 million+ (As of 2019) 1981-present Worldwide
5 Third plague pandemic Plague 12–15 million 1855-1960 Worldwide
6 Cocoliztli Epidemic of 1545–1548 Cocoliztli 5–15 million 1545–1548 Mexico
7 Antonine Plague Smallpox or measles 5–10 million 165–180 Roman Empire
8 1520 Mexico smallpox epidemic Smallpox 5–8 million 1519–1520 Mexico
9 COVID-19 pandemic COVID-19 3 million+ (As of April 2021) 2019-present Worldwide
10 1918–1922 Russia typhus epidemic Typhus 2–3 million 1918–1922 Russia
11 Asian Flu Influenza A/H2N2 1–4 million 1957-1958 Worldwide
Hong Kong flu Influenza A/H3N2 1968-1970 Worldwide
13 1772–1773 Persian Plague Bubonic plague 2 million+ 1772-1773 Persia (Present day in Iran)
14 735–737 Japanese smallpox epidemic Smallpox 2 million 735-737 Japan
16 Naples Plague Plague 1.25 million 1656-1658 Italy
17 Third cholera pandemic Cholera 1 million+ 1846-1860 Worldwide
18 1629–1631 Italian plague Bubonic plague 1 million 1629-1631 Italy
1889–1890 flu pandemic Influenza 1889-1890 Worldwide

Worldwide Pandemics

Pandemic Disease Date Location Death toll (estimate)
Third cholera pandemic cholera 1852–1860 Worldwide 1 million
Third plague pandemic bubonic plague 1855–1950 Worldwide 12-15 million
1889–1890 flu pandemic Influenza 1889–1890 Worldwide 1 million
1918 flu pandemic Influenza (H1N1 strain) 1918–1920 Worldwide 15-100 million
Asian Flu Influenza (H2N2 strain) 1957–1958 Worldwide 1-4 million
Hong Kong flu Influenza (H3N2 strain) 1968–1969 Worldwide 1-4 million
Russian Flu Influenza (H1N1 strain) 1977-1979 Worldwide 700,000
HIV/AIDS pandemic HIV/AIDS 1981–present Worldwide 32 million+
2009 flu pandemic Influenza (H1N1 as new strain) 2009-2010 Worldwide 284,000 (175,000-575,000)
COVID-19 pandemic COVID-19 2019-present Worldwide 3 million+ (As of May 2021)

Chronology of Pandemics/Epidemic in History

These are the pandemics in the history. Current pandemic are in bold (HIV/AIDS and COVID-19 pandemic).

Epidemic Date Location Disease Death toll (estimate)
Plague of Athens 430-425 BCE Greece Unknown, probably typhoid 75,000-100,000
412 BC Epidemic 412 BCE Unknown, possibly an influenza
Antonine Plague 165-180 Roman Empire Unknown, possibly smallpox 5-10 million
Plague of Cyprian c. 250-265 Europe Unknown, possibly smallpox
Plague of Justinian 541-542 Europe and West Asia Bubonic Plague 25-100 million (20-60% of European population)
Japanese smallpox epidemic 735-737 Japan Smallpox 2 million
Black Death c. 1346-1352 Europe, Asia and North Africa Bubonic Plague 75-200 million (40-60% of European population)
Mexican Smallpox 1519-1520 Mexico Smallpox 5-8 million
Cocoliztli Epidemic 1545-1578 Cocoliztli 5-15 million
Italian Plague 1629-1631 Italy Bubonic Plague 1 million
Naples Plague 1656-1658 Bubonic Plague 1.25 million
Great Plague of London 1665-1666 United Kingdom Bubonic Plague 100,000+
Persian Plague 1772-1773 Persia (Iran) Bubonic Plague 2 million
First cholera outbreak 1817-1824 Asia Cholera 100,000+
Second cholera outbreak 1826-1837 Europe, Asia, North America Cholera 100,000+
Third cholera outbreak 1846-1860 Europe and Asia Cholera 1 million+
Third Plague pandemic 1855-1960 Worldwide Bubonic Plague 12-15 million
Fourth cholera outbreak 1863-1875 Europe, Asia, Africa Cholera 500,000
Fifth cholera outbreak 1881-1896 Europe, Asia, Africa, South America Cholera 200,000+
1889-1890 flu pandemic 1889-1890 Worldwide Influenza 1 million
Sixth cholera outbreak 1899-1923 Europe, Asia, Africa Cholera 800,000+
Spanish Flu 1918-1920 Worldwide Influenza 20-100 million (Death rate: 1-4.5%)
Russian Typhus epidemic 1918-1922 Russia Typhus 2-3 million
Asian Flu 1957-1958 Worldwide Influenza (H2N2) 1-4 million (estimate)
Hong Kong Flu 1968-1969 Influenza (H3N2)
Russian Flu 1977-1979 Influenza (H1N1) 700,000
HIV/AIDS Pandemic 1981-present HIV/AIDS 32 million+ (As of 2019)
2002-04 SARS outbreak 2002-2004 Asia SARS-CoV 774
2009 flu pandemic 2009-2010 Worldwide Influenza (H1N1) 200,000+ (Range of 150,000-500,000)
MERS (Coronavirus) 2012-2015 Middle East, South Korea MERS-CoV 900+ (As of 2020)
African Ebola epidemic 2013-2016 West Africa Ebola virus 10,000+
2017-18 United States seasonal flu 2017-2018 United States Seasonal flu 60,000 (45,000-90,000)
Yemen cholera 2016-present Yemen Cholera 3,800+ (As of 2020)
COVID-19 pandemic 2019-present Worldwide COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) 3 million+ (As of April 2021)
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