List of epidemics: Difference between revisions

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|-
! style="width:10%;" | Pandemic
! style="width:10%;" | Pandemic
⚫
! style="width:10%;" | Disease
! style="width:10%;" | Date
! style="width:10%;" | Date
⚫
! style="width:10%;" | Disease
! style="width:10%;" | Location
! style="width:10%;" | Location
! style="width:10%;" | Death toll (estimate)
! style="width:10%;" | Death toll (estimate)
|-
|-
| [[Third cholera pandemic]]
| [[Third cholera pandemic]]
⚫
| [[cholera]]
| 1852–1860
| 1852–1860
⚫
| [[cholera]]
| [[World]]wide
| [[World]]wide
| 1 million
| 1 million
|-
|-
| [[Third plague pandemic]]
| [[Third plague pandemic]]
⚫
| [[bubonic plague]]
| 1855–1950
| 1855–1950
⚫
| [[bubonic plague]]
| Worldwide
| Worldwide
| 12-15 million
| 12-15 million
|-
|-
| [[1889–1890 pandemic|1889–1890 flu pandemic]]
| [[1889–1890 pandemic|1889–1890 flu pandemic]]
⚫
| [[Influenza]]
| 1889–1890
| 1889–1890
⚫
| [[Influenza]]
| Worldwide
| Worldwide
| 1 million
| 1 million
|-
|-
| [[1918 flu pandemic]]
| [[1918 flu pandemic]]
⚫
| Influenza (H1N1 strain)
| 1918–1920
| 1918–1920
⚫
| Influenza (H1N1 strain)
| Worldwide
| Worldwide
| 15-100 million
| 15-100 million
|-
|-
| [[1957–1958 influenza pandemic|Asian Flu]]
| [[1957–1958 influenza pandemic|Asian Flu]]
⚫
| Influenza (H2N2 strain)
| 1957–1958
| 1957–1958
⚫
| Influenza (H2N2 strain)
| Worldwide
| Worldwide
| 1-4 million
| 1-4 million
|-
|-
| [[Hong Kong flu]]
| [[Hong Kong flu]]
⚫
| Influenza (H3N2 strain)
| 1968–1969
| 1968–1969
⚫
| Influenza (H3N2 strain)
| Worldwide
| Worldwide
| 1-4 million
| 1-4 million
|-
|-
| [[Russian Flu]]
| [[Russian Flu]]
⚫
| Influenza (H1N1 strain)
| 1977-1979
| 1977-1979
⚫
| Influenza (H1N1 strain)
| Worldwide
| Worldwide
| 700,000
| 700,000
|-
|-
| HIV/AIDS pandemic
| HIV/AIDS pandemic
⚫
| [[HIV/AIDS]]
| 1981–present
| 1981–present
⚫
| [[HIV/AIDS]]
| Worldwide
| Worldwide
| 32 million+
| 32 million+
|-
|-
| [[2009 flu pandemic]]
| [[2009 flu pandemic]]
⚫
| Influenza (H1N1 as new strain)
| 2009-2010
| 2009-2010
⚫
| Influenza (H1N1 as new strain)
| Worldwide
| Worldwide
| 284,000 (175,000-575,000)
| 284,000 (175,000-575,000)
|-
|-
| [[COVID-19 pandemic]]
| [[COVID-19 pandemic]]
⚫
| [[COVID-19]]
| 2019-present
| 2019-present
⚫
| [[COVID-19]]
| Worldwide
| Worldwide
| 3 million+ (As of May 2021)
| 3 million+ (As of May 2021)
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! style="width:10%;" | Epidemic
! style="width:10%;" | Epidemic
! style="width:10%;" | Date
! style="width:10%;" | Date
⚫
! style="width:10%;" | Location
! style="width:10%;" | Disease
! style="width:10%;" | Disease
⚫
! style="width:10%;" | Location
! style="width:10%;" | Death toll (estimate)
! style="width:10%;" | Death toll (estimate)
|-
|-
|[[Plague of Athens]]
|[[Plague of Athens]]
|430-425 [[Before christ|BCE]]
|430-425 [[Before christ|BCE]]
⚫
|Unknown, probably [[typhoid]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Greece]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Greece]]
⚫
|Unknown, probably [[typhoid]]
|75,000-100,000
|75,000-100,000
|-
|-
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| [[Antonine Plague]]
| [[Antonine Plague]]
|165-180
|165-180
⚫
| Unknown, possibly [[smallpox]]
|Roman Empire
|Roman Empire
⚫
| Unknown, possibly [[smallpox]]
|5-10 million
|5-10 million
|-
|-
|Plague of Cyprian
|Plague of Cyprian
|c. 250-265
|c. 250-265
⚫
|[[Europe]]
|Unknown, possibly smallpox
|Unknown, possibly smallpox
⚫
|[[Europe]]
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Plague of Justinian]]
|[[Plague of Justinian]]
|541-542
|541-542
⚫
|Europe and [[Western Asia|West Asia]]
|[[Bubonic plague|Bubonic Plague]]
|[[Bubonic plague|Bubonic Plague]]
⚫
|Europe and [[Western Asia|West Asia]]
|25-100 million (20-60% of European population)
|25-100 million (20-60% of European population)
|-
|-
|[[735–737 Japanese smallpox epidemic|Japanese smallpox epidemic]]
|[[735–737 Japanese smallpox epidemic|Japanese smallpox epidemic]]
|735-737
|735-737
⚫
|[[Japan]]
|Smallpox
|Smallpox
⚫
|[[Japan]]
|2 million
|2 million
|-
|-
|[[Black Death]]
|[[Black Death]]
|c. 1346-1352
|c. 1346-1352
⚫
|Europe, [[Asia]] and [[North Africa]]
|Bubonic Plague
|Bubonic Plague
⚫
|Europe, [[Asia]] and [[North Africa]]
|75-200 million (40-60% of European population)
|75-200 million (40-60% of European population)
|-
|-
|[[History of smallpox in Mexico|Mexican Smallpox]]
|[[History of smallpox in Mexico|Mexican Smallpox]]
|1519-1520
|1519-1520
⚫
| rowspan="2" |[[Spanish Empire|Mexico]]
|Smallpox
|Smallpox
⚫
| rowspan="2" |[[Spanish Empire|Mexico]]
|5-8 million
|5-8 million
|-
|-
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|[[Italian Plague of 1629-1631|Italian Plague]]
|[[Italian Plague of 1629-1631|Italian Plague]]
|1629-1631
|1629-1631
⚫
| rowspan="2" |[[Italy]]
|Bubonic Plague
|Bubonic Plague
⚫
| rowspan="2" |[[Italy]]
|1 million
|1 million
|-
|-
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|[[Great Plague of London]]
|[[Great Plague of London]]
|1665-1666
|1665-1666
⚫
|[[Great Britain|United Kingdom]]
|Bubonic Plague
|Bubonic Plague
⚫
|[[Great Britain|United Kingdom]]
|100,000+
|100,000+
|-
|-
|[[Persian plague of 1772-1773|Persian Plague]]
|[[Persian plague of 1772-1773|Persian Plague]]
|1772-1773
|1772-1773
⚫
|[[Persian|Persia]] ([[Iran]])
|Bubonic Plague
|Bubonic Plague
⚫
|[[Persian|Persia]] ([[Iran]])
|2 million
|2 million
|-
|-
|First cholera outbreak
|First cholera outbreak
|1817-1824
|1817-1824
⚫
|Asia
|[[Cholera]]
|[[Cholera]]
⚫
|Asia
|100,000+
|100,000+
|-
|-
|Second cholera outbreak
|Second cholera outbreak
|1826-1837
|1826-1837
⚫
|Europe, Asia, [[North America]]
|Cholera
|Cholera
⚫
|Europe, Asia, [[North America]]
|100,000+
|100,000+
|-
|-
|[[Third cholera pandemic|Third cholera outbreak]]
|[[Third cholera pandemic|Third cholera outbreak]]
|1846-1860
|1846-1860
⚫
|Europe and Asia
|Cholera
|Cholera
⚫
|Europe and Asia
|1 million+
|1 million+
|-
|-
|[[Third plague pandemic|Third Plague pandemic]]
|[[Third plague pandemic|Third Plague pandemic]]
|1855-1960
|1855-1960
⚫
|[[World|Worldwide]]
|Bubonic Plague
|Bubonic Plague
⚫
|[[World|Worldwide]]
|12-15 million
|12-15 million
|-
|-
|Fourth cholera outbreak
|Fourth cholera outbreak
|1863-1875
|1863-1875
⚫
|Europe, Asia, Africa
|Cholera
|Cholera
⚫
|Europe, Asia, Africa
|500,000
|500,000
|-
|-
|Fifth cholera outbreak
|Fifth cholera outbreak
|1881-1896
|1881-1896
⚫
|Europe, Asia, Africa, [[South America]]
|Cholera
|Cholera
⚫
|Europe, Asia, Africa, [[South America]]
|200,000+
|200,000+
|-
|-
|[[1889-1890 pandemic|1889-1890 flu pandemic]]
|[[1889-1890 pandemic|1889-1890 flu pandemic]]
|1889-1890
|1889-1890
⚫
|Worldwide
|[[Influenza]]
|[[Influenza]]
⚫
|Worldwide
|1 million
|1 million
|-
|-
|Sixth cholera outbreak
|Sixth cholera outbreak
|1899-1923
|1899-1923
⚫
|Europe, Asia, Africa
|Cholera
|Cholera
⚫
|Europe, Asia, Africa
|800,000+
|800,000+
|-
|-
|[[Spanish flu|Spanish Flu]]
|[[Spanish flu|Spanish Flu]]
|1918-1920
|1918-1920
⚫
|Worldwide
|Influenza
|Influenza
⚫
|Worldwide
|20-100 million (Death rate: 1-4.5%)
|20-100 million (Death rate: 1-4.5%)
|-
|-
|[[Epidemic typhus|Russian Typhus epidemic]]
|[[Epidemic typhus|Russian Typhus epidemic]]
|1918-1922
|1918-1922
⚫
|Russia
|[[Typhus]]
|[[Typhus]]
⚫
|Russia
|2-3 million
|2-3 million
|-
|-
|[[1957–1958 influenza pandemic|Asian Flu]]
|[[1957–1958 influenza pandemic|Asian Flu]]
|1957-1958
|1957-1958
⚫
| rowspan="4" |Worldwide
|Influenza (H2N2)
|Influenza (H2N2)
⚫
| rowspan="4" |Worldwide
| rowspan="2" |1-4 million (estimate)
| rowspan="2" |1-4 million (estimate)
|-
|-
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|[[Severe acute respiratory syndrome|2002-04 SARS outbreak]]
|[[Severe acute respiratory syndrome|2002-04 SARS outbreak]]
|2002-2004
|2002-2004
⚫
|Asia
|[[Severe acute respiratory syndrome|SARS-CoV]]
|[[Severe acute respiratory syndrome|SARS-CoV]]
⚫
|Asia
|774
|774
|-
|-
|[[2009 flu pandemic]]
|[[2009 flu pandemic]]
|2009-2010
|2009-2010
⚫
|Worldwide
|Influenza (H1N1)
|Influenza (H1N1)
⚫
|Worldwide
|200,000+ (Range of 150,000-500,000)
|200,000+ (Range of 150,000-500,000)
|-
|-
|[[MERS]] ([[Coronavirus]])
|[[MERS]] ([[Coronavirus]])
|2012-2015
|2012-2015
⚫
|[[Middle East]], [[South Korea]]
|[[MERS-CoV]]
|[[MERS-CoV]]
⚫
|[[Middle East]], [[South Korea]]
|900+ (As of 2020)
|900+ (As of 2020)
|-
|-
|African Ebola epidemic
|African Ebola epidemic
|2013-2016
|2013-2016
⚫
|[[West Africa]]
|[[Ebola virus]]
|[[Ebola virus]]
⚫
|[[West Africa]]
|10,000+
|10,000+
|-
|-
|2017-18 United States seasonal flu
|2017-18 United States seasonal flu
|2017-2018
|2017-2018
⚫
|[[United States]]
|Seasonal flu
|Seasonal flu
⚫
|[[United States]]
|60,000 (45,000-90,000)
|60,000 (45,000-90,000)
|-
|-
|Yemen cholera
|Yemen cholera
|2016-present
|2016-present
⚫
|[[Yemen]]
|Cholera
|Cholera
⚫
|[[Yemen]]
|3,800+ (As of 2020)
|3,800+ (As of 2020)
|-
|-
|[[COVID-19 pandemic|'''COVID-19 pandemic''']]
|[[COVID-19 pandemic|'''COVID-19 pandemic''']]
|'''2019-present'''
|'''2019-present'''
⚫
|'''Worldwide'''
|'''[[COVID-19]] ([[Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2|SARS-CoV-2]])'''
|'''[[COVID-19]] ([[Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2|SARS-CoV-2]])'''
⚫
|'''Worldwide'''
|'''3 million+ (As of April 2021)'''
|'''3 million+ (As of April 2021)'''
|}
|}

Revision as of 23:25, 9 May 2021

This article is a list of major pandemics and epidemics caused by infectious diseases in human history. Epidemics caused by non-communicable diseases are not on this list.

Top epidemics by death toll

These are pandemics more than 1 million death. Events in boldface are ongoing. For a given epidemic, the average of its estimated death toll range is used for ranking. If the death toll averages of two or more epidemics equal, then the smaller the range, the higher the rank. The most fatal pandemic was the Black Death in Europe duirng the Middle Age. The current pandemics are HIV/AIDS and COVID-19.

Epidemics and pandemics with at least 1 million deaths
Rank Epidemics/pandemics Disease Death toll Date Location
1 Black Death Bubonic plague 75–200 million 1346–1353 Europe, Asia, and North Africa
2 Spanish flu Influenza A/H1N1 17–100 million 1918-1920 Worldwide
3 Plague of Justinian Bubonic plague 15–100 million 541–549 Europe and West Asia
4 HIV/AIDS pandemic HIV/AIDS 35 million+ (As of 2019) 1981-present Worldwide
5 Third plague pandemic Plague 12–15 million 1855-1960 Worldwide
6 Cocoliztli Epidemic of 1545–1548 Cocoliztli 5–15 million 1545–1548 Mexico
7 Antonine Plague Smallpox or measles 5–10 million 165–180 Roman Empire
8 1520 Mexico smallpox epidemic Smallpox 5–8 million 1519–1520 Mexico
9 COVID-19 pandemic COVID-19 3 million+ (As of April 2021) 2019-present Worldwide
10 1918–1922 Russia typhus epidemic Typhus 2–3 million 1918–1922 Russia
11 Asian Flu Influenza A/H2N2 1–4 million 1957-1958 Worldwide
Hong Kong flu Influenza A/H3N2 1968-1970 Worldwide
13 1772–1773 Persian Plague Bubonic plague 2 million+ 1772-1773 Persia (Present day in Iran)
14 735–737 Japanese smallpox epidemic Smallpox 2 million 735-737 Japan
16 Naples Plague Plague 1.25 million 1656-1658 Italy
17 Third cholera pandemic Cholera 1 million+ 1846-1860 Worldwide
18 1629–1631 Italian plague Bubonic plague 1 million 1629-1631 Italy
1889–1890 flu pandemic Influenza 1889-1890 Worldwide

Worldwide Pandemics

Pandemic Date Disease Location Death toll (estimate)
Third cholera pandemic 1852–1860 cholera Worldwide 1 million
Third plague pandemic 1855–1950 bubonic plague Worldwide 12-15 million
1889–1890 flu pandemic 1889–1890 Influenza Worldwide 1 million
1918 flu pandemic 1918–1920 Influenza (H1N1 strain) Worldwide 15-100 million
Asian Flu 1957–1958 Influenza (H2N2 strain) Worldwide 1-4 million
Hong Kong flu 1968–1969 Influenza (H3N2 strain) Worldwide 1-4 million
Russian Flu 1977-1979 Influenza (H1N1 strain) Worldwide 700,000
HIV/AIDS pandemic 1981–present HIV/AIDS Worldwide 32 million+
2009 flu pandemic 2009-2010 Influenza (H1N1 as new strain) Worldwide 284,000 (175,000-575,000)
COVID-19 pandemic 2019-present COVID-19 Worldwide 3 million+ (As of May 2021)

Chronology of Pandemics/Epidemic in History

These are the pandemics in the history. Current pandemic are in bold (HIV/AIDS and COVID-19 pandemic).

Epidemic Date Disease Location Death toll (estimate)
Plague of Athens 430-425 BCE Unknown, probably typhoid Greece 75,000-100,000
412 BC Epidemic 412 BCE Unknown, possibly an influenza
Antonine Plague 165-180 Unknown, possibly smallpox Roman Empire 5-10 million
Plague of Cyprian c. 250-265 Unknown, possibly smallpox Europe
Plague of Justinian 541-542 Bubonic Plague Europe and West Asia 25-100 million (20-60% of European population)
Japanese smallpox epidemic 735-737 Smallpox Japan 2 million
Black Death c. 1346-1352 Bubonic Plague Europe, Asia and North Africa 75-200 million (40-60% of European population)
Mexican Smallpox 1519-1520 Smallpox Mexico 5-8 million
Cocoliztli Epidemic 1545-1578 Cocoliztli 5-15 million
Italian Plague 1629-1631 Bubonic Plague Italy 1 million
Naples Plague 1656-1658 Bubonic Plague 1.25 million
Great Plague of London 1665-1666 Bubonic Plague United Kingdom 100,000+
Persian Plague 1772-1773 Bubonic Plague Persia (Iran) 2 million
First cholera outbreak 1817-1824 Cholera Asia 100,000+
Second cholera outbreak 1826-1837 Cholera Europe, Asia, North America 100,000+
Third cholera outbreak 1846-1860 Cholera Europe and Asia 1 million+
Third Plague pandemic 1855-1960 Bubonic Plague Worldwide 12-15 million
Fourth cholera outbreak 1863-1875 Cholera Europe, Asia, Africa 500,000
Fifth cholera outbreak 1881-1896 Cholera Europe, Asia, Africa, South America 200,000+
1889-1890 flu pandemic 1889-1890 Influenza Worldwide 1 million
Sixth cholera outbreak 1899-1923 Cholera Europe, Asia, Africa 800,000+
Spanish Flu 1918-1920 Influenza Worldwide 20-100 million (Death rate: 1-4.5%)
Russian Typhus epidemic 1918-1922 Typhus Russia 2-3 million
Asian Flu 1957-1958 Influenza (H2N2) Worldwide 1-4 million (estimate)
Hong Kong Flu 1968-1969 Influenza (H3N2)
Russian Flu 1977-1979 Influenza (H1N1) 700,000
HIV/AIDS Pandemic 1981-present HIV/AIDS 32 million+ (As of 2019)
2002-04 SARS outbreak 2002-2004 SARS-CoV Asia 774
2009 flu pandemic 2009-2010 Influenza (H1N1) Worldwide 200,000+ (Range of 150,000-500,000)
MERS (Coronavirus) 2012-2015 MERS-CoV Middle East, South Korea 900+ (As of 2020)
African Ebola epidemic 2013-2016 Ebola virus West Africa 10,000+
2017-18 United States seasonal flu 2017-2018 Seasonal flu United States 60,000 (45,000-90,000)
Yemen cholera 2016-present Cholera Yemen 3,800+ (As of 2020)
COVID-19 pandemic 2019-present COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Worldwide 3 million+ (As of April 2021)
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