List of Jupiter's moons

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There are 95 known moons of Jupiter, as of 1 November 2023. Jupiter has the largest number of moons of any planet in the Solar System.[1][2][3]

The most massive of the moons are the four Galilean moons, which were independently discovered in 1610 by Galileo Galilei and Simon Marius. They were the first objects found to orbit a body that was neither Earth nor the Sun. The Galilean moons are by far the largest and most massive objects to orbit Jupiter. The other 91 known moons and the rings together make up just 0.003% of the total orbiting mass. The four are Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto. They are roughly the same size as Earth's moon, some are a bit bigger, some are smaller.

From the end of the 19th century, dozens of much smaller Jovian moons have been discovered. All these are less than 250 kilometres (160 mi) in diameter, with most barely exceeding 5 kilometres (3.1 mi). Their orbital shapes range from nearly perfectly circular to highly eccentric and inclined. Many revolve in the direction opposite to Jupiter's spin (retrograde motion). Orbital periods range from seven hours (taking less time than Jupiter does to spin around its axis), to some three thousand times more (almost three Earth years).

List of moons[change | change source]

This list starts with those that go around Jupiter (orbit) the fastest. That is, they have the shortest orbital period. Moons highlighted in purple are the "Galilean moons," moons highlighted in dark gray have a retrograde orbit, and moons with the regular white background have a prograde orbit.

Label
[note 1] 		Name
 Pronunciation
(key) 		Image Diameter
(km)[note 2] 		Mass
(×1016 kg) 		Semi-major axis
(km)[4] 		Orbital period
(d)[4][note 3] 		Inclination
(°)[4] 		Eccentricity
[5] 		Discovery year
[6] 		Discoverer
[6] 		Group
[note 4]
1 XVI Metis ˈmiːtɨs
43
(60×40×34)		 ~3.6 128,000 +0.2948
(+7h 04m 29s)		 0.060° [7] 0.0002 1979 Synnott
(Voyager 1)		 Inner
2 XV Adrastea ˌædrəˈstiːə
16.4
(20×16×14)		 ~0.20 129,000 +0.2983
(+7h 09m 30s)		 0.030°[7] 0.0015 1979 Jewitt
(Voyager 2)		 Inner
3 V Amalthea ˌæməlˈθiːə
167
(250×146×128)		 208 181,400 +0.4999
(+11h 59m 53s)		 0.374°[7] 0.0032 1892 Barnard Inner
4 XIV Thebe ˈθiːbiː
98.6
(116×98×84)		 ~43 221,900 +0.6761
(+16h 13m 35s)		 1.076°[7] 0.0175 1979 Synnott
(Voyager 1)		 Inner
5 I Io ˈaɪ.oʊ
3,643.2 8,931,900 421,800 +1.7627
(+1d 18h 18m 20s)		 0.050°[7] 0.0041 1610 Galilei Galilean
6 II Europa jʊˈroʊpə
3,121.6 4,799,800 671,100 +3.5255
(+3d 12h 36m 40s)		 0.470°[7] 0.0090 1610 Galilei Galilean
7 III Ganymede ˈɡænɨmiːd
5,268.2 14,819,000 1,070,400 +7.1556 0.200°[7] 0.0013 1610 Galilei Galilean
8 IV Callisto kəˈlɪstoʊ
4,820.6 10,759,000 1,882,700 +16.690 0.192°[7] 0.0074 1610 Galilei Galilean
9 XVIII Themisto θɨˈmɪstoʊ ~9 ~0.038 7,398,500 +130.03 43.8° 0.340 1975/2000 Kowal & Roemer/
Sheppard et al.		 Themisto
10 XIII Leda ˈliːdə 21.5 ~0.52 11,146,400 +240.93 28.6° 0.162 1974 Kowal Himalia
11 LXXI Ersa ˈɜːrsə 3 ~0.0014 11,401,000 +249.23 29.1° 0.116 2018 Sheppard Himalia
12 — S/2018 J 2 3 ~0.0014 11,419,700 +249.92 28.3° 0.152 2018 Sheppard Himalia
13 VI Himalia haɪˈmeɪliə
139.6
(150×120)		 420 11,440,600 +250.56 28.1° 0.160 1904 Perrine Himalia
14 LXV Pandia pænˈdaɪə 3 ~0.0014 11,481,000 +251.91 29.0° 0.179 2017 Sheppard Himalia
15 X Lysithea laɪˈsɪθiːə 42.2 ~3.9 11,700,800 +259.20 27.2° 0.117 1938 Nicholson Himalia
16 VII Elara ˈɛlərə 79.9 ~27 11,712,300 +259.64 27.9° 0.211 1905 Perrine Himalia
17 — S/2011 J 3 ~3 ~0.0014 11,716,800 +259.84 27.6° 0.192 2011 Sheppard Himalia
18 — Dia ˈdaɪə ~4 ~0.0034 12,260,300 +278.21 29.0° 0.232 2000 Sheppard et al. Himalia
19 — S/2018 J 4 ~2 ~0.00042 16,328,500 +427.63 50.2° 0.177 2018 Sheppard Carpo
20 XLVI Carpo ˈkɑrpoʊ ~3 ~0.0014 17,042,300 +456.29 53.2° 0.416 2003 Sheppard Carpo
21 LXII Valetudo væləˈtjuːdoʊ ~1 ~0.000052 18,694,200 +527.61 34.5° 0.217 2016 Sheppard Valetudo
22 XXXIV Euporie juːˈpoʊrɨ.iː ~2 ~0.00042 19,265,800 −550.69 145.7° 0.148 2001 Sheppard et al. Ananke
23 LV S/2003 J 18 ~2 ~0.00042 20,336,300 −598.12 145.3° 0.090 2003 Gladman Ananke
24 LX Eupheme juːˈfiːmiː ~2 ~0.00042 20,768,600 −617.73 148.0° 0.241 2003 Sheppard Ananke
25 — S/2021 J 3 ~2  ~0.00042 20,776,700 −618.33 147.9° 0.239 2021 Sheppard Ananke
26 LII S/2010 J 2 ~1  ~0.000052 20,793,000 −618.84 148.1° 0.248 2010 Veillet Ananke
27 LIV S/2016 J 1 ~1  ~0.000052 20,802,600 −618.49 144.7° 0.232 2016 Sheppard Ananke
28 XL Mneme ˈniːmiː ~2  ~0.00042 20,821,000 −620.07 148.0° 0.247 2003 Sheppard & Gladman Ananke
29 XXXIII Euanthe juːˈænθiː ~3 ~0.0014 20,827,000 −620.44 148.0° 0.239 2001 Sheppard et al. Ananke
30 — S/2003 J 16 ~2 ~0.00042 20,882,600 −622.88 148.0° 0.243 2003 Gladman Ananke
31 XXII Harpalyke hɑrˈpælɨkiː ~4  ~0.0034 20,892,100 −623.32 147.7° 0.232 2000 Sheppard et al. Ananke
32 XXXV Orthosie ɔrˈθɒsɨ.iː ~2 ~0.00042 20,892,100 −622.59 144.3° 0.299 2001 Sheppard et al. Ananke
33 XLV Helike ˈhɛlɨkiː ~4 ~0.0034 20,915,700 −626.33 154.4° 0.153 2003 Sheppard Ananke
34 — S/2021 J 2 ~1 ~0.000052 20,926,600 −625.14 148.1° 0.242 2021 Sheppard Ananke
35 XXVII Praxidike prækˈsɪdɨkiː 7  ~0.018 20,935,400 −625.39 148.3° 0.246 2000 Sheppard et al. Ananke
36 LXIV S/2017 J 3 ~2 ~0.00042 20,941,000 −625.60 147.9° 0.231 2017 Sheppard Ananke
37 — S/2021 J 1 ~1 ~0.000052 20,954,700 −627.14 150.5° 0.228 2021 Sheppard Ananke
38 — S/2003 J 12 ~1 ~0.000052 20,963,100 −627.24 150.0° 0.235 2003 Sheppard Ananke
39 LXVIII S/2017 J 7 ~2 ~0.00042 20,964,800 −626.56 147.3° 0.233 2017 Sheppard Ananke
40 XLII Thelxinoe θɛlkˈsɪnɵʊiː ~2 ~0.00042 20,976,000 −628.03 150.6° 0.228 2003 Sheppard & Gladman et al. Ananke
41 XXIX Thyone θaɪˈoʊniː ~4 ~0.0034 20,978,000 −627.18 147.5° 0.233 2001 Sheppard et al. Ananke
42 — S/2003 J 2 ~2 ~0.00042 20,997,700 −628.79 150.2° 0.225 2003 Sheppard Ananke
43 XII Ananke əˈnæŋkiː 29.1 ~1.3 21,034,500 −629.79 147.6° 0.237 1951 Nicholson Ananke
44 — S/2022 J 3 ~1 ~0.000052 21,047,700 −630.67 148.2° 0.249 2022 Sheppard Ananke
45 XXIV Iocaste ˌaɪ.ɵˈkæstiː ~5 ~0.0065 21,066,700 −631.59 148.8° 0.227 2000 Sheppard et al. Ananke
46 XXX Hermippe hɚˈmɪpiː ~4 ~0.0034 21,108,500 −633.90 150.2° 0.219 2001 Sheppard et al. Ananke
47 LXX S/2017 J 9 ~3 ~0.0014 21,768,700 −666.11 155.5° 0.200 2017 Sheppard Ananke
48 LVIII Philophrosyne fɪləˈfrɒzəniː ~2 ~0.00042 22,604,600 −702.54 146.3° 0.229 2003 Sheppard Pasiphaë
49 — S/2016 J 3 ~2 ~0.00042 22,719,300 −713.64 164.6° 0.251 2016 Sheppard Carme
50 — S/2022 J 1 ~1 ~0.000052 22,725,200 −738.33 164.5° 0.257 2022 Sheppard Carme
51 XXXVIII Pasithee pəˈsɪθɨ.iː ~2 ~0.00042 22,846,700 −719.47 164.6° 0.270 2001 Sheppard et al. Carme
52 LXIX S/2017 J 8 ~1 ~0.000052 22,849,500 −719.76 164.8° 0.255 2017 Sheppard Carme
53 — S/2021 J 6 ~1 ~0.000052 22,870,300 −720.97 164.9° 0.271 2021 Sheppard et al. Carme
54 — S/2003 J 24 ~2 ~0.00042 22,887,400 −721.60 164.5° 0.259 2003 Sheppard et al. Carme
55 XXXII Eurydome jʊˈrɪdəmiː ~3 ~0.0014 22,899,000 −717.31 149.1° 0.294 2001 Sheppard et al. Pasiphaë
56 LVI S/2011 J 2 ~1 ~0.000052 22,909,200 −718.32 151.9° 0.355 2011 Sheppard Pasiphaë
57 — S/2003 J 4 ~2  ~0.00042 22,926,500 −718.10 148.2° 0.328 2003 Sheppard Pasiphaë
58 XXI Chaldene kælˈdiːniː ~4 ~0.0034 22,930,500 −723.71 164.7° 0.265 2000 Sheppard et al. Carme
59 LXIII S/2017 J 2 ~2 ~0.00042 22,953,200 −724.71 164.5° 0.272 2017 Sheppard Carme
60 XXVI Isonoe aɪˈsɒnɵʊiː ~4 ~0.0034 22,981,300 −726.27 164.8° 0.249 2000 Sheppard et al. Carme
61 — S/2022 J 2 ~1 ~0.000052 23,013,800 −781.56 164.7° 0.265 2022 Sheppard Carme
62 — S/2021 J 4 ~1 ~0.000052 23,019,700 −728.28 164.6° 0.265 2021 Sheppard Carme
63 XLIV Kallichore kəˈlɪkɵriː ~2 ~0.00042 23,021,800 −728.26 164.8° 0.252 2003 Sheppard Carme
64 XXV Erinome ɨˈrɪnɵmiː ~3 ~0.0014 23,032,900 −728.48 164.4° 0.276 2000 Sheppard et al. Carme
65 XXXVII Kale ˈkeɪliː ~2 ~0.00042 23,052,600 −729.64 164.6° 0.262 2001 Sheppard et al. Carme
66 LVII Eirene aɪˈriːniː ~4 ~0.0034 23,055,800 −729.84 164.6° 0.258 2003 Sheppard Carme
67 XXXI Aitne ˈaɪtniː ~3 ~0.0014 23,064,400 −730.10 164.6° 0.277 2001 Sheppard et al. Carme
68 XLVII Eukelade juːˈkɛlədiː ~4 ~0.0034 23,067,400 −730.30 164.6° 0.277 2003 Sheppard Carme
69 XLIII Arche ˈɑrkiː ~3 ~0.0014 23,097,800 −731.88 164.6° 0.261 2002 Sheppard Carme
70 XX Taygete teiˈɪdʒɨtiː ~5 ~0.0065 23,108,000 −732.45 164.7° 0.253 2000 Sheppard et al. Carme
71 — S/2016 J 4 ~1 ~0.000052 23,113,800 −727.01 147.1° 0.294 2016 Sheppard Pasiphaë
72 LXXII S/2011 J 1 ~2 ~0.00042 23,124,500 −733.21 164.6° 0.271 2011 Sheppard Carme
73 XI Carme ˈkɑrmiː 46.7 ~5.3 23,144,400 −734.19 164.6° 0.256 1938 Nicholson Carme
74 L Herse ˈhɜːrsiː ~2 ~0.00042 23,150,500 −734.52 164.4° 0.262 2003 Gladman et al. Carme
75 LXI S/2003 J 19 ~2 ~0.00042 23,156,400 −734.78 164.7° 0.265 2003 Gladman Carme
76 LI S/2010 J 1 ~2 ~0.00042 23,189,800 −736.51 164.5° 0.252 2010 Jacobson et al. Carme
77 — S/2003 J 9 ~1 ~0.000052 23,199,400 −736.86 164.8° 0.263 2003 Sheppard Carme
78 LXVI S/2017 J 5 ~2 ~0.00042 23,206,200 −737.28 164.8° 0.257 2017 Sheppard Carme
79 LXVII S/2017 J 6 ~2 ~0.00042 23,245,300 −733.99 149.7° 0.336 2017 Sheppard Pasiphaë
80 XXIII Kalyke ˈkælɨkiː 6.9  ~0.017 23,302,600 −742.02 164.8° 0.260 2000 Sheppard et al. Carme
81 XXXIX Hegemone hɨˈdʒɛməniː ~3 ~0.0014 23,348,700 −739.81 152.6° 0.358 2003 Sheppard Pasiphaë
82 — S/2018 J 3 ~1 ~0.000052 23,400,300 −747.02 164.9° 0.268 2018 Sheppard Carme
83 — S/2021 J 5 ~2 ~0.00042 23,414,600 −747.74 164.9° 0.272 2021 Sheppard et al. Carme
84 VIII Pasiphaë pəˈsɪfeɪ.iː 57.8 ~10 23,468,200 −743.61 148.4° 0.412 1908 Melotte Pasiphaë
85 XXXVI Sponde ˈspɒndiː ~2 ~0.00042 23,543,300 −748.29 149.3° 0.322 2001 Sheppard et al. Pasiphaë
86 — S/2003 J 10 ~2 ~0.00042 23,576,300 −755.43 164.4° 0.264 2003 Sheppard Carme
87 XIX Megaclite ˌmɛɡəˈklaɪtiː ~5 ~0.0065 23,644,600 −752.86 149.8° 0.421 2000 Sheppard et al. Pasiphaë
88 XLVIII Cyllene sɨˈliːniː ~2 ~0.00042 23,654,700 −751.97 146.8° 0.419 2003 Sheppard Pasiphaë
89 IX Sinope sɨˈnoʊpiː 35 ~2.2 23,683,900 −758.85 157.3° 0.264 1914 Nicholson Pasiphaë
90 LIX S/2017 J 1 ~2 ~0.00042 23,744,800 −756.41 145.8° 0.328 2017 Sheppard Pasiphaë
91 XLI Aoede eɪˈiːdiː ~4 ~0.0034 23,744,800 −761.46 155.7° 0.436 2003 Sheppard Pasiphaë
92 XXVIII Autonoe ɔːˈtɒnɵʊiː ~4 ~0.0034 23,792,500 −761.00 150.8° 0.330 2001 Sheppard et al. Pasiphaë
93 XVII Callirrhoe kəˈlɪrɵʊiː 9.6 ~0.046 23,795,500 −758.86 145.1° 0.297 1999 Scotti et al. Pasiphaë
94 — S/2003 J 23 ~2 ~0.00042 23,829,300 −760.00 144.7° 0.313 2003 Sheppard Pasiphaë
95 XLIX Kore ˈkoʊriː ~2 ~0.00042 24,205,200 −776.76 141.5° 0.328 2003 Sheppard Pasiphaë

Notes[change | change source]

  1. ↑ Label refers to the Roman numeral attributed to each moon in order of their discovery.
  2. ↑ Diameters with multiple entries such as "60×40×34" reflect that the body is not a perfect spheroid and that each of its dimensions have been measured well enough.
  3. ↑ Periods with negative values are retrograde.
  4. ↑ "?" refers to group assignments that are not considered sure yet.

References[change | change source]

  1. ↑ Sheppard, Scott S. "The Jupiter Satellite and Moon Page". Carnegie Institution, Department of Terrestrial Magnetism. Retrieved 17 July 2018.
  2. ↑ Science, Carnegie (16 July 2018). "A dozen new moons of Jupiter discovered, including one "oddball"". Carnegie Institution for Science. Retrieved 17 July 2018.
  3. ↑ Roberts, Glenn (16 March 2023). "ATLANTIC SKIES: All in the family — the number of moons orbiting around Jupiter keeps growing and growing". www.saltwire.com.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "Natural Satellites Ephemeris Service". IAU: Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 2008-09-03. Note: some semi-major axis were computed using the µ value, while the eccentricities were taken using the inclination to the local Laplace plane
  5. ↑ Sheppard, Scott S. "Jupiter's Known Satellites". Department of Terrestrial Magnetism at Carniege Institution for science. Retrieved 2008-08-28.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature". Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN). U.S. Geological Survey. 2008-11-07. Retrieved 2008-08-02.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 Siedelmann P.K.; Abalakin V.K.; Bursa, M.; Davies, M.E.; de Bergh, C.; Lieske, J.H.; Obrest, J.; Simon, J.L.; Standish, E.M.; Stooke, P. ; Thomas, P.C. (2000). The Planets and Satellites 2000 (Report). IAU/IAG Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements of the Planets and Satellites. Archived from the original on 2011-08-10. Retrieved 2008-08-31.{{cite report}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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