Vaccine hesitancy
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Vaccine hesitancy is the act of avoiding and protesting the use of vaccines. They usually spread ideas that go vaccines. Some people believe that vaccines cause more harm than of help.[1][2][3][4] Others, especially parents of children with allergies, think that kids are getting more vaccines than they need.[5][6]
"Anti-vaccination activism" is about the opposition to vaccination; in more recent years, anti-vaccinationists have been known as "anti-vaxxers" or "anti-vax".[7] Vaccine hesitancy is difficult to understand and is context-specific, varying across time, place, and types of vaccines.[8]
It can be caused by a lack of proper scientifically-based knowledge and understanding of how vaccines are made, or how vaccines work, and other psychological factors, including fear of vaccination needles, or the suspicion for public figures and politicians. Some anti-vaxxers believe that vaccines cause autism (damage to the brain and neurons), which is not true.[9]
Vaccine hesitancy for infants is also related with parents' health beliefs. Parents with higher education levels would have their children vaccinated. On the other hand, children from families with mistaken beliefs or inaccurate teaching, and also believe that vaccines cause allergies (which is not true), are likely to have their vaccinations delayed by their parents.[6]
Religion also plays an important part in anti-vaccination activism. Religious anti-vaccinationists would always refer to vaccines as unnatural and therefore, unhealthy. Other opponents of vaccination question the necessity of vaccinating against rare diseases. This is ironic, since the lack of disease is a result of successful vaccination [5]
Finally, the contradictory of scientific evidence also confused the public when making vaccine decisions. As the nature of scientific evidence encourages critical thinking and constructive supplements. This made the public struggle in believing the truth of existing vaccine science.[5]
References[change | change source]
- ↑ The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health (2019). "Vaccine hesitancy: a generation at risk". The Lancet. 3 (5): 281. doi:10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30092-6. PMID 30981382. S2CID 115201206.
- ↑ Smith, MJ (November 2015). "Promoting Vaccine Confidence". Infectious Disease Clinics of North America (Review). 29 (4): 759–69. doi:10.1016/j.idc.2015.07.004. PMID 26337737.
- ↑ Larson, HJ; Jarrett, C; Eckersberger, E; Smith, DM; Paterson, P (April 2014). "Understanding vaccine hesitancy around vaccines and vaccination from a global perspective: a systematic review of published literature, 2007–2012". Vaccine. 32 (19): 2150–59. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.01.081. PMID 24598724.
- ↑ Cataldi, Jessica; O’Leary, Sean (2021). "Parental vaccine hesitancy: scope, causes, and potential responses". Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases. 34 (5): 519–526. doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000774. PMID 34524202. S2CID 237437018.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Jacobson, Robert M.; St. Sauver, Jennifer L.; Finney Rutten, Lila J. (November 2015). "Vaccine Hesitancy". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 90 (11): 1562–1568. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.09.006.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Zhang, Huiqiao; Chen, Liyuan; Huang, Zhongxuan; Li, Dongxue; Tao, Qian; Zhang, Fan (February 2023). "The effects of parent's health literacy and health beliefs on vaccine hesitancy". Vaccine. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.02.026. ISSN 0264-410X.
- ↑ Hinsliff, Gaby (16 November 2020). "It's the 'vaccine hesitant', not anti-vaxxers, who are troubling public health experts". TheGuardian.com.
- ↑ SAGE, Working Group (1 October 2014). "Report of the SAGE working group on vaccine hesitancy" (PDF). WHO.
- ↑ Gerber JS, Offit PA (February 2009). "Vaccines and autism: a tale of shifting hypotheses". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 48 (4): 456–61. doi:10.1086/596476. PMC 2908388. PMID 19128068.
