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January 20 – Poland cedes Kyiv , Smolensk , and eastern Ukraine to Russia in the Treaty of Andrusovo that put a final end to the Deluge , and Poland lost its status as a Central European power .
April 27 – The blind, impoverished John Milton sells the copyright of Paradise Lost for £10.
June 12 -17 – In the Raid on the Medway , a Dutch fleet under admiral Michiel de Ruyter burns Sheerness , sails up the River Medway , raids Chatham dockyards and escapes with the royal barge The Royal Charles .
June 15 – The first human blood transfusion is administered by Dr. Jean-Baptiste Denys . He transfuses the blood of a sheep to a 15-year-old boy. (Though this operation is a success, a later patient dies from the procedure and Denys is accused of murder).
June 20 – Dutch troops attack Royal Navy ships in London and Chatham and burn them.
July 31 – Second Anglo-Dutch War ends: The Treaty of Breda ends the war. The treaty also recognizes Acadia as a French possession.
October 18 – Brooklyn is chartered under the name Brueckelen by Mathias Nicolls , Governor of New Netherland .
November 25 – Devastating earthquake rocks Caucasia , killing 80,000 people.
Suleiman I becomes Shah of Persia .
The Mogul Emperor Aurangzeb buys off the bandit Shivaji by making him a Rajah and allowing him to collect taxes.
Robert Hooke demonstrates that the alteration of the blood in the lungs is essential for respiration .
The War of Devolution begins, France invades Flanders and Free County .
Louis XIV of France abolishes the Livre Parisis (Paris Pound) in favor of the much more widely used Livre Tournois (Tours Pound). He also designates Gabriel-Nicolas de la Reynie as first chief of "police" of Paris .
French army uses grenadiers .
Yohannes succeeds his father Fasildos as Emperor of Ethiopia .