Genital wart
Genital warts are a sexually transmitted infection caused by certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV).[1] They typically appear as small bumps on the skin of the penis, vulva, cervix and anus.[2] They may be flat or project out from the surface of the skin, and their color may vary; brownish, white, pale yellow, pinkish-red, or gray.[3] There may be a few individual warts or several, either in a cluster or merged together in a cauliflower shape.[4] Usually they cause few symptoms, but can occasionally be painful.[5] They can be itchy or burn. Typically they appear one to eight months after exposure.[6] Warts are the most easily recognized symptom of genital HPV infection.
Such warts are usually caused by HPV types 6 and 11.[5] They are spread through direct skin-to-skin contact, usually during oral, genital, or anal sex with an infected partner.[6] Diagnosis is generally based on symptoms and can be confirmed by biopsy. The types of HPV that cause cancer are not the same as those that cause warts.[7]
There are vaccines against HPV. Some of these vaccines can prevent genital warts; using a condom also does, as it removes the direct skin-to-skin contact.[6][8]
As treatment, there are creams that include substances such as podohpyllin, imiquimod, or trichloracetic acid.[5] Cryotherapy or surgery may also be an option. After treatment warts often resolve within six months. Without treatment, in up to a third of cases they resolve on their own.
About 1% of people in the United States have genital warts.[6] Many people,who are infected do not have symptoms. Without vaccination nearly all sexually active people will get some type of HPV at one point in their lives.[7][9] The disease has been known at least since the time of Hippocrates in 300 BC.[10]
Related pages[change | change source]
References[change | change source]
- ↑ James, William D.; Elston, Dirk; Treat, James R.; Rosenbach, Misha A.; Neuhaus, Isaac (2020). "19. Viral diseases: genital warts". Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology (13th ed.). Edinburgh: Elsevier. pp. 406–410. ISBN 978-0-323-54753-6. Archived from the original on 2023-03-17. Retrieved 2023-03-17.
- ↑ Tripathi, Anuj; Sahu, Utkarsha (2022). "1. An overview of HPV: causes, symptoms, and clinical manifestations". In Khare, Prashant; Jain, Ashish (eds.). Immunopathology, Diagnosis and Treatment of HPV induced Malignancies. London: Elsevier. pp. 1–13. ISBN 978-0-323-98644-1. Archived from the original on 2023-03-17. Retrieved 2023-03-17.
- ↑ Ferri, Fred F. (2017). Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2018: 5 Books in 1. Elsevier. p. 1376. ISBN 9780323529570. Archived from the original on 2020-08-01. Retrieved 2020-06-07.
- ↑ Madoff, Robert D.; Melton-Meax, Genevieve B. (2020). "136. Diseases of the rectum and anus: anal warts". In Goldman, Lee; Schafer, Andrew I. (eds.). Goldman-Cecil Medicine. Vol. 1 (26th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier. p. 938. ISBN 978-0-323-55087-1. Archived from the original on 2023-03-17. Retrieved 2023-03-17.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "CDC - Genital Warts - 2010 STD Treatment Guidelines". www.cdc.gov. 28 January 2011. Archived from the original on 8 July 2018. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Juckett, G; Hartman-Adams, H (Nov 15, 2010). "Human papillomavirus: clinical manifestations and prevention". American Family Physician. 82 (10): 1209–13. PMID 21121531.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 US National Cancer Institute. "HPV and Cancer". Archived from the original on 31 October 2013. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
- ↑ "Genital warts". NHS. 21 August 2017. Archived from the original on 3 January 2018. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
- ↑ US Centers for Disease Control. "Genital HPV Infection - Fact Sheet". Archived from the original on 11 September 2012. Retrieved 16 November 2017.
- ↑ Syrjänen, Kari J.; Syrjänen, Stina M. (2000). Papillomavirus infections in human pathology. Chichester [u.a.]: Wiley. p. 1. ISBN 9780471971689.