User:Mar4d/PI
Pashtuns in Iran are residents of Iran who are of Pashtun ethnicity. As of 2005, Pashtuns comprised a minority of 8.5 percent among the approximately 1.52 million Afghans living in Iran, amounting to a population of 129,807.[1][2] However, Pashtun settlement in Iran historically predates this more recent arrival of immigrants
Background[change | change source]
The Pashtuns are an eastern Iranian people who speak the Pashto language and inhabit the Pashtunistan region, which spans neighbouring Pakistan and Afghanistan.[3][4] Outside of their traditional homeland in South-Central Asia, Pashtuns are found in smaller numbers in the eastern and northern parts of Iran.[5] Records as early as the mid 1600s report Durrani Pashtuns living in the Khorasan Province of Safavid Iran.[6] After the short reign of the Ghilji Pashtuns in Iran, Nader Shah defeated the last independent Ghilji ruler of Kandahar, Hussain Hotak. In order to secure Durrani control in southern Afghanistan, Nader Shah deported Hussain Hotak and large numbers of the Ghilji Pashtuns to the Mazandaran Province in northern Iran. The remnants of this once sizable exiled community, although assimilated, continue to claim Pashtun descent.[7] During the early 18th century, in the course of a very few years, the number of Durrani Pashtuns in Iranian Khorasan, greatly increased.[8] Later the region became part of the Durrani Empire itself. The second Durrani king of Afghanistan , Timur Shah Durrani was born in Mashhad.[9] Contemporary to Durrani rule in the east, Azad Khan Afghan, an ethnic Ghilji Pashtun, formerly second in charge of Azerbaijan during Afsharid rule, gained power in the western regions of Iran and Azerbaijan for a short period.[10] According to a sample survey in 1988, 75 percent of all Afghan refugees in the southern part of the Iranian Khorasan Province were Durrani Pashtuns.[11]
The Pashtuns are the third largest ethnicity amongst Afghan refugees in Iran, after the Hazaras and Tajiks.[2][12]
References[change | change source]
- ↑ Abbasi-Shavazi, Mohammad Jalal; Glazebrook, Diana; Jamshidiha, Gholamreza; Mahmoudian, Hossein; Sadeghi, Rasoul (April 2008). "Second-generation Afghans in Iran: Integration, Identity and Return" (PDF). Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 January 2017. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Abbasi-Shavazi, Mohammad Jalal; Glazebrook, Diana; Jamshidiha, Gholamreza; Mahmoudian, Hossein; Sadeghi, Rasoul (October 2005). "Return to Afghanistan? A Study of Afghans Living in Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran" (PDF). Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit. Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 April 2021. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
The ethnicity of documented Afghans in Iran is predominantly Hazara, followed by Tajik: Hazara (377,036), Tajik (270,552), Pashtun (129,807), Baluch (46,622), Uzbek (20,438), Turkmen (3,848) and other (27,976).
- ↑ James B. Minahan (1 August 2016). Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World, 2nd Edition: Ethnic and National Groups around the World. ABC-CLIO. pp. 330–. ISBN 978-1-61069-954-9.
- ↑ "Pashto language". Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2021. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
Smaller speech communities exist in Iran, Tajikistan, the United Arab Emirates, and the United Kingdom.
- ↑ Windfuhr, Gernot (2013-05-13). Iranian Languages. Routledge. pp. 703–731. ISBN 978-1-135-79704-1.
- ↑ "DORRĀNĪ – Encyclopaedia Iranica". iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2021-04-04.
- ↑ "ḠILZĪ – Encyclopaedia Iranica". www.iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2021-04-04.
Nāder Shah also defeated the last independent Ḡalzay ruler of Qandahār, Shah Ḥosayn Hotak, Shah Maḥmūd's brother in 1150/1738. Shah Ḥosayn and large numbers of the Ḡalzī were deported to Mazandarān (Marvī, pp. 543-52; Lockhart, 1938, pp. 115-20). The remnants of this once sizable exiled community, although assimilated, continue to claim Ḡalzī Pashtun descent.
- ↑ "DORRĀNĪ – Encyclopaedia Iranica". iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2021-04-04.
raided in Khorasan, and "in the course of a very few years greatly increased in numbers"
- ↑ Dalrymple, William; Anand, Anita (2017). Koh-i-Noor: The History of the World's Most Infamous Diamond. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4088-8885-8.
- ↑ "ĀZĀD KHAN AFḠĀN". iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2021-04-04.
- ↑ "DORRĀNĪ – Encyclopaedia Iranica". iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2021-04-04.
According to a sample survey in 1988, nearly 75 percent of all Afghan refugees in the southern part of Persian Khorasan were Dorrānī, that is, about 280,000 people (Papoli-Yazdi, p. 62).
- ↑ "Afghanistan xiv. Afghan Refugees in Iran". Encylopaedia Iranica. 28 July 2011. Retrieved 2 May 2021.
In 2006, Shiʿite Hazāras (see HAZĀRA) at 39 percent constituted the single largest ethnic group, followed by Tajiks at 22 percent, Pashtuns at 9 percent...Most follow the Iranian state curriculum and use Iranian textbooks, sometimes adding lessons in Afghan history, geography, and the Pashto language.