Abkhazia

Republic of Abkhazia
Аҧсны / *Apsny* (Abkhaz)
აფხაზეთი / *Apkhazeti* (Georgian)
Абхазия / *Abkhaziya* (Russian)
Republic of Abkhazia Аҧсны / Apsny (Abkhaz); აფხაზეთი / Apkhazeti (Georgian); Абхазия / Abkhaziya (Russian)
	Flag Coat of arms
	Anthem: Аиааира (Abkhaz); Aiaaira; Victory;
	Map of Abkhazia
	Location of Abkhazia
Capital and largest city	Sokhumi
Official languages	Abkhaz, Russian1
Non-official languages	Georgian, Mingrelian2, Armenian,
Demonym(s)	Abkhaz, Abkhazian
Government	Unitary republic
• President	Badra Gunba
• Vice President	Beslan Bigvava
• Prime Minister	Alexander Ankvab
Partially recognized independence from Georgia and the Soviet Union
• Georgian annulment of all Soviet-era laws and treaties	20 June 1990
• Declaration of sovereignty3	25 August 1990
• Georgian declaration of independence	9 April 1991
• Dissolution of Soviet Union	26 December 1991
• Reinstatement of 1925 Constitution	23 July 1992
• New Constitution	26 November 1994
• Referendum	3 October 1999
• Act of state independence4	12 October 1999
• First international recognition5	26 August 2008
Area
• Total	8,432 km2 (3,256 sq mi)
Population
• Estimate	Between 157,000 and 190,0006; 180,0007
• 2015 census	243,000
• Density	29/km2 (75.1/sq mi)
Currency	Russian ruble8 (RUB)
Time zone	UTC+3 (MSK)
Driving side	right
	Russian has co-official status and widespread use by government and other institutions.; Mingrelian is spoken largely in the Gali district.; Anulled by the Georgian Soviet immediately after.; Establishing retro-actively de jure independence since the 1992-1993 war.; By Russia. Only since followed by Nicaragua.; International Crisis Group 2006 estimate.; Encyclopædia Britannica 2007 estimate.; De facto currency, several commemorative coins in Abkhazian own currency, Abkhazian apsar (ru:Апсар) were issued.;

Abkhazia^[4] (Georgian: აფხაზეთი – Apkhazeti, Abkhaz: Аҧсны – Apsny, Russian: Абха́зия – Abkhaziya) is an unrecognized country in the Caucasus.

History

1990s

The country fought a war with Georgia for its independence in 1991, the Georgian–Abkhaz conflict. Since its declaration of independence from Georgia in 1991, it has been ruled by the partially recognized Republic of Abkhazia.^[5]

2000s

Georgia believes Abkhazia is part of its territory and has listed the province in its official subdivisions as an autonomous republic. On 28 August 2008, the Parliament of Georgia passed a resolution declaring Abkhazia a "Russian-occupied territory".^[6]^[7] The Republic of Abkhazia, with Sokhumi as its capital, is formally recognized by Russia and by Nicaragua, and the de facto independent republics of South Ossetia and Transnistria. The European Union, OSCE and NATO recognize Abkhazia as an integral part of the territory of Georgia.^[8]

The secessionist movement of the Abkhaz minority led to the Georgian–Abkhaz conflict. The War in Abkhazia resulted in a Georgian military defeat and the mass exodus and ethnic cleansing of the Georgian population from Abkhazia. There was a 1994 ceasefire agreement. There is a UN-monitored and Russian-dominated CIS peacekeeping operation. The sovereignty dispute has not been resolved. The dispute is a source of conflict between Georgia and Russia.

Related pages

References

↑ "Президент – Республики Абхазия". Archived from the original on 2008-05-20. Retrieved 2006-11-01.
↑ "Карта сайта". Archived from the original on 2018-12-24. Retrieved 2018-06-01.
↑ "UNPO: Abkhazia: Review of Events for the Year 1996". unpo.org.^{[permanent dead link]}
↑ Abkhaz: Аҧсны Apsny, Georgian: აფხაზეთი Apkhazeti or Abkhazeti, Russian: Абха́зия Abkhazia
↑
- Olga Oliker, Thomas S. Szayna. Faultlines of Conflict in Central Asia and the South Caucasus: Implications for the U.S. Army. Rand Corporation 2003. ISBN 978-0-8330-3260-7
- Abkhazia: ten years on. Archived 2012-02-05 at the Wayback Machine By Rachel Clogg, Conciliation Resources, 2001
- Medianews.ge. Training of military operations underway in Abkhazia Archived 2007-09-28 at the Wayback Machine, 21 August 2007
- Emmanuel Karagiannis. Energy and Security in the Caucasus. Routledge, 2002. ISBN 978-0-7007-1481-0
- GuardianUnlimited. Georgia up in arms over Olympic cash
- International Relations and Security Network. Kosovo wishes in Caucasus. By Simon Saradzhyan
↑ Resolution of the Parliament of Georgia declaring Abkhazia and South Ossetia occupied territories, 28 August 2008.
↑ "Abkhazia, S.Ossetia Formally Declared Occupied Territory. Civil Georgia". 2008-08-28. Archived from the original on 2008-09-03. Retrieved 2018-06-01.
↑
- "West condemns Russia over Georgia". 26 August 2008 – via news.bbc.co.uk.
- "Scheffer 'Rejects' Russia's Move, Civil.ge, 26 August 2008". Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
- "CoE, PACE Chairs Condemn Russia's Move, Civil Georgia, 26 August 2008". Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
- "OSCE Chair Condemns Russia's Recognition of Abkhazia, S.Ossetia, Civil Georgia, 26 August 2008". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2018.

[1] "Президент – Республики Абхазия". Archived from the original on 2008-05-20. Retrieved 2006-11-01.

[2] "Карта сайта". Archived from the original on 2018-12-24. Retrieved 2018-06-01.

[3] "UNPO: Abkhazia: Review of Events for the Year 1996". unpo.org.^{[permanent dead link]}

[4] Abkhaz: Аҧсны Apsny, Georgian: აფხაზეთი Apkhazeti or Abkhazeti, Russian: Абха́зия Abkhazia

[5] 
Olga Oliker, Thomas S. Szayna. Faultlines of Conflict in Central Asia and the South Caucasus: Implications for the U.S. Army. Rand Corporation 2003. ISBN 978-0-8330-3260-7

Abkhazia: ten years on. Archived 2012-02-05 at the Wayback Machine By Rachel Clogg, Conciliation Resources, 2001

Medianews.ge. Training of military operations underway in Abkhazia Archived 2007-09-28 at the Wayback Machine, 21 August 2007

Emmanuel Karagiannis. Energy and Security in the Caucasus. Routledge, 2002. ISBN 978-0-7007-1481-0

GuardianUnlimited. Georgia up in arms over Olympic cash

International Relations and Security Network. Kosovo wishes in Caucasus. By Simon Saradzhyan

[mwlg] Olga Oliker, Thomas S. Szayna. Faultlines of Conflict in Central Asia and the South Caucasus: Implications for the U.S. Army. Rand Corporation 2003. ISBN 978-0-8330-3260-7

[mwmw] Abkhazia: ten years on. Archived 2012-02-05 at the Wayback Machine By Rachel Clogg, Conciliation Resources, 2001

[mwoQ] Medianews.ge. Training of military operations underway in Abkhazia Archived 2007-09-28 at the Wayback Machine, 21 August 2007

[mwpw] Emmanuel Karagiannis. Energy and Security in the Caucasus. Routledge, 2002. ISBN 978-0-7007-1481-0

[mwrQ] GuardianUnlimited. Georgia up in arms over Olympic cash

[mwrw] International Relations and Security Network. Kosovo wishes in Caucasus. By Simon Saradzhyan

[6] Resolution of the Parliament of Georgia declaring Abkhazia and South Ossetia occupied territories, 28 August 2008.

[7] "Abkhazia, S.Ossetia Formally Declared Occupied Territory. Civil Georgia". 2008-08-28. Archived from the original on 2008-09-03. Retrieved 2018-06-01.

[8] 
"West condemns Russia over Georgia". 26 August 2008 – via news.bbc.co.uk.

"Scheffer 'Rejects' Russia's Move, Civil.ge, 26 August 2008". Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2018.

"CoE, PACE Chairs Condemn Russia's Move, Civil Georgia, 26 August 2008". Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2018.

"OSCE Chair Condemns Russia's Recognition of Abkhazia, S.Ossetia, Civil Georgia, 26 August 2008". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2018.

[mwww] "West condemns Russia over Georgia". 26 August 2008 – via news.bbc.co.uk.

[mwyQ] "Scheffer 'Rejects' Russia's Move, Civil.ge, 26 August 2008". Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2018.

[mw0Q] "CoE, PACE Chairs Condemn Russia's Move, Civil Georgia, 26 August 2008". Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2018.

[mw2Q] "OSCE Chair Condemns Russia's Recognition of Abkhazia, S.Ossetia, Civil Georgia, 26 August 2008". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2018.

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