Template:Consonants/doc

Example

Input1

{{cons|trill}}
{{cons|oral}}
{{cons|voiced}}
{{cons|glottal}}

Output1

• The manner of articulation (how the sound is produced) is trill. This means that this sound is produced by directing air over the articulator so that it vibrates.

• It is an oral consonant. This means that air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.

• The phonation is voiced. This means that the vocal cords vibrate while the sound is being pronounced.

• The place of articulation (where the sound is produced) is glottal. This means that this sound is produced at the vocal cords (vocal folds) and by the vocal cords.

Input2

{{cons|trill|oral|voiced|glottal}}

Output2

• The manner of articulation (how the sound is produced) is trill. This means that this sound is produced by directing air over the articulator so that it vibrates.
• It is an oral consonant. This means that air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
• The phonation is voiced. This means that the vocal cords vibrate while the sound is being pronounced.
• The place of articulation (where the sound is produced) is glottal. This means that this sound is produced at the vocal cords (vocal folds) and by the vocal cords.

Detail

Parameter	Output
Affricate	The manner of articulation (how the sound is produced) is affricate. This means that this sound is produced by first stopping the air flowing from the mouth, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place this sound is produced, to make turbulence.
Alveolar	The place of articulation (where the sound is produced) is alveolar. This means that this sound is produced with the tip of the tongue (apical) or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge (laminal).
Alveolo-palatal	The place of articulation (where the sound is produced) is alveolo-palatal. This means that: The place of articulation (where the sound is produced) is postalveolar. This means that the tongue touches the top of the mouth in the place behind the alveolar ridge (the gum line). Its tongue shape is laminal. This means that the tongue blade touches the top of the mouth. It is palatalized. This means that the middle of the tongue is curved and raised towards the hard palate.
Approximant	The manner of articulation (how the sound is produced) is approximant. This means that this sound is produced by narrowing the vocal tract at the place this sound is produced. However, it is not narrowed enough to produce a turbulent airstream.
Approximant-fricative	Its behavior changes between approximant and fricative. This means that this sound is produced by narrowing the vocal tract at the place of articulation, but generally not to narrow too much to produce much turbulence in the airstream. Languages think that voiced fricatives and approximants produced in the throat are the same.
Bilabial	The place of articulation (where the sound is produced) is bilabial. This means that this sound is produced with both lips.
Central articulation	It is a central consonant. This means that this sound is produced by directing the air along the center of the tongue, but not to the sides.
Central click	They are central consonants. This means that they are produced by releasing the air at the center of the tongue, but not at the sides.
Central-lateral	This sound is not produced with air flowing over the tongue. So, the central–lateral dichotomy is not suitable.
Click manner	The basic way of producing this sound may be voiced, nasal, aspirated, glottalized, etc.
Dental	The place of articulation (where the sound is produced) is dental. This means that this sound is produced with the tongue at the upper teeth, the lower teeth, or both the upper teeth and the lower teeth. (Many stops and liquids that are called dental consonants are actually denti-alveolar consonants.)
Ejective	The airstream mechanism is ejective (glottalic egressive). This means that the air is forced out by pushing the glottis upward.
Epiglottal	The place of articulation (where the sound is produced) is epiglottal. This means that this sound is produced with the aryepiglottic folds against the epiglottis.
Flap	The manner of articulation (how the sound is produced) is flap. This means that this sound is produced with a single contraction of the muscles. The thing that produces the sound (usually the tongue) touches something else for a very short amount of time.
Fricative	The manner of articulation (how the sound is produced) is fricative. This means that this sound is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, to make turbulence.
Glottal	The place of articulation (where the sound is produced) is glottal. This means that this sound is produced at the vocal cords (vocal folds) and by the vocal cords.
Implosive	The airstream mechanism is implosive (also called glottalic ingressive). This means that this sound is produced by pushing the glottis downward. This pulls air inward. The glottis is not completely closed, but a pulmonic airstream is allowed to escape through it, which makes the sound.
Labial-velar	The place of articulation (where the sound is produced) is labial–velar. This means that this sound is produced with the lips and with the back part of the tongue (the dorsum) against the soft palate (the velum) at the same time. The dorsal closure is released before the labial closure, but they overlap for most of the time.
Labiodental	The place of articulation (where the sound is produced) is labiodental. This means that this sound is produced with the lower lips and the upper teeth.
Labiovelar	The place of articulation (where the sound is produced) is labialized velar. This means that this sound is produced with the back part of the tongue raised toward the soft palate (the velum) while the lips are rounded.
Lateral	It is a lateral consonant. This means that this sound is produced by directing the airstream over the sides of the tongue, but not down the middle.
Lingual airstream	The airstream mechanism is lingual ingressive (aka velaric ingressive). This means that a pocked of air is trapped between two closures, then make the air thin by a "sucking" action of the tongue, but not being moved by the glottis or the lungs/diaphragm. The forward closure is released to produce the 'click' sound. Voiced and nasal clicks have a same pulmonic egressive airstream.
Linguolabial	The place of articulation (where the sound is produced) is linguolabial. This means that this sound is produced with the tongue against the upper lip.
Nasal	It is a nasal consonant. This means that air is allowed to escape through the nose, either exclusively (nasal stops) or in addition to through the mouth.
Nasal stop	The manner of articulation (how the sound is produced) is stop. This means that this sound is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Since the consonant is also nasal, the blocked airflow is redirected through the nose.
Oral	It is an oral consonant. This means that air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
Oral-nasal	Clicks may be oral or nasal. This means that that the airflow is either restricted to the mouth, or passes through the nose as well.
Palatal	The place of articulation (where the sound is produced) is palatal. This means that this sound is produced with the middle or back part of the tongue raised to the hard palate.
Palato-alveolar	The place of articulation (where the sound is produced) is palato-alveolar, that is, domed (partially palatalized) postalveolar. This means that this sound is produced with the blade of the tongue behind the alveolar ridge, and the front of the tongue bunched up ("domed") at the palate.
Pharyngeal	The place of articulation (where the sound is produced) is pharyngeal. This means that this sound is produced with the root of the tongue against the back of the throat (the pharynx).
Plosive	The manner of articulation (how the sound is produced) is stop, or plosive. This means that this sound is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. (The term plosive contrasts with nasal stops, where the blocked airflow is redirected through the nose.)
Pulmonic	The airstream mechanism is pulmonic. This means that this sound is produced by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.
Retroflex	The place of articulation (where the sound is produced) is retroflex, which prototypically means it is articulated sub-apical - with the tip of the tongue curled up. But more generally This means that it is postalveolar without being palatalized. That is, besides the prototypical sub-apical articulation, the tongue contact can be apical (pointed) or laminal (flat).
Retroflex shape	Its tongue shape is retroflex. This means that this sound is produced with the tip of the tongue flat or concave (curled up).
Sibilant	The manner of articulation (how the sound is produced) is sibilant fricative. This means that it is generally produced by channeling air flow along a groove in the back of the tongue up to the place of articulation, at which point it is focused against the sharp edge of the nearly clenched teeth, causing high-frequency turbulence.
Sibilant affricate	The manner of articulation (how the sound is produced) is sibilant affricate. This means that this sound is produced by first stopping the air flow entirely, then directing it with the tongue to the sharp edge of the teeth, causing high-frequency turbulence.
Trill	The manner of articulation (how the sound is produced) is trill. This means that this sound is produced by directing air over the articulator so that it vibrates.
Uvular	The place of articulation (where the sound is produced) is uvular. This means that this sound is produced with the back of the tongue (the dorsum) at the uvula.
Velar	The place of articulation (where the sound is produced) is velar. This means that this sound is produced with the back of the tongue at the soft palate.
Voiced	The phonation is voiced. This means that the vocal cords vibrate while the sound is being pronounced.
Voiceless	The phonation is voiceless. This means that this sound is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.
Voiceless implosive	The airstream mechanism is implosive (glottalic ingressive). This means that this sound is produced by pulling air in by pushing the glottis downward. As it is voiceless, the glottis is completely closed, and there is no pulmonic airstream at all.
Voiceless short	The phonation is voiceless. This means that this sound is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.