User:Gurther/Sandbox 3

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Macedonian Revolutionary Organization
Македонска Револуционерна Организација (mk)
Badge from the MRO, with the motto "Freedom or Death"
ActiveOctober 1893 - May 1908
AllegianceUnited Macedonia
BranchMFO, ITRO, Ilinden Organization, IMRO (U), MSRC, SMAC, IDRO, Gemidžii
Size2 million (1905 estimate)[1]
Motto(s)Freedom or Death[2]
Engagements
Commanders
Ceremonial chiefHristo Tatarčev (1893 - 1896)
Gjorče Petrov (1896 - 1897)
Hristo Matov (1896) (acting leader)[4]
Ivan Hadži Nikolov (acting leader)[4]
Hristo Kocev (1897)
Grigor Popev (1897) (acting leader)
Pere Tošev (1897 - 1898)

Macedonian Revolutionary Organization[5][6] also known as the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (Macedonian: Македонска Револуционерна Организација, Внатрешна Македонска Револуционерна Организација, romanized: Makedonska Revolucionerna Organizacija, Vnatrešna Makedonska Revolucionerna Organizacija), often times shorten to MRO or IMRO (VMRO in Macedonian) was a revolutionary organization created by Macedonians in 1893, it's main objective was the liberation of Macedonia and Thrace from the Ottoman Empire.[7]

The Revolutionary Organization was created in October 1893 in the town of Solun, now known as Thessaloniki,[8] where the first congress was held, Hristo Tatarčev, the founder of the organization around the time was working as a teacher in a local school in Solun, he and a group of his friends realized the terrible conditions Macedonia and Thrace were in, so decided to form a revolutionary Organization that would liberate Macedonia from the Ottoman Empire.[9]

The organization would go on to create multiple headquarters in Skopje, Veles, Ohrid, Struga, Prilep and many more.[10] Eventually in 1903 it would try to free itself from the Ottoman Empire with the beginning of the Macedonian uprising in August 2nd, also known as the Ilinden Uprising. At first it would have some success and freed some places in Western Macedonia but by november-december of 1903 the uprising would be crushed. Because of this failure the organization would try a more diplomatic way of bringing freedom to Macedonia and some have even suggested the idea of a Balkan federation.[11]

Diplomatic peace would not be succesful and in May 1908, after the May congress the organization would be officially ended with the last leader of the organization being Jane Sandanski, the organization after it ended would be split into two, the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (United) and the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (Autonomous). IMRO (United) would end up becoming socialist and would fight for the recognition of the Macedonians, while IMRO (Autonomous) would become terrorist and anarchist and it would eventually turn towards fascism and would help Nazi Germany during WW2.

The legacy of IMRO in Macedonia is undeniable, it helped with spreading the concept of Macedonian unity and the Macedonian language, culture and history, multiple streets, cities and even villages have the names of members of the Macedonian Revolutionary Organization, According to some analysis the Macedonian Revolutionary Organization is the second most famous thing from Macedonia, first being Alexander the Great, According to journalist Sotir Kostov, regarding the Macedonian Revolutionary Organization

The role of the Macedonian Revolutionary Organization in building the Macedonian identity, language and culture is great, immeasurable. It is actually decisive for the birth and creation of Macedonian statehood. Although the idea of Macedonian statehood appeared in history and has been present since more recently (from the 6th to the 10th century), however, it began to be legally and politically formed and built in the second half of the 19th century, in the pre-MRO and pre-Ilinden periods.
- Sotir Kostov[12]

Multiple Macedonian revolutionaries who worked with the MRO are mentioned in the national anthem of the Republic of Macedonia which is known as Denes nad Makedonija (which translates to Today over Macedonia). In the anthem they also include the Kruševska Republica which was created by Macedonian revolutionaries from the MRO.[13] Despite the organization being pro-Macedonian and advocating pro-Macedonian ideals many Bulgarian historians consider it as Bulgarian, this is mostly due to the anti-Macedonian opinion in Bulgarian media created by the known xenophobic dictator Todor Zhivkov.[14][15][16][17]

Founding and early years[change | change source]

Founding[change | change source]

Photo that contains the 6 founders of the MRO -
top-left - Dame Gruev,
top-middle - Hristo Tatarčev,
top-right - Petar Pop Arsov,
bottom-left - Anton Dimitrov,
bottom-middle - Hristo Batandžiev,
bottom-right - Ivan Hadži Nikolov[18]

The concept of a organization that would help in liberating Macedonia wasn't a new one, during the berlin congress the treaty said that Macedonia should have been granted autonomy, but the Ottoman goverment refused,[19] seeing how mistreated the Macedonians were, some revolutionaries decided to create a organization that would free them.[20] Dame Gruev along with Hristo Tatarčev decided to gather their friends who were all mostly working as teachers in local schools in Thessaloniki, back then known as Solun, to create a unified organization.

The organization would be created on October 23, 1893 in the house of Gruev's friend, known as Ivan Hadži Nikolov in Thessaloniki,[21] the street being Chelebi-Makal (now known in modern days as Fillipou),[22] several others would show up for their first meeting, in it they would talk about a lot of stuff about the future of the organization and their main goal, the first main goal was proposed by Petar Pop Arsov and had support from Ivan Hadži Nikolov too, since both thought it would be easier and more simple if they only tried to gain autonomy for Macedonia and be given more rights in the Ottoman Empire.[23] Nikolov proposed the first five rules of the organization, those being:

Rule 1 - The Organization should be secret and hidden
Rule 2 - Her goal is to earn autonomy for the region of Ethnic Macedonia.
Rule 3 - Only people born in Macedonia can be members, no matter their ethnicity, religion or gender.
Rule 4 - The main motto should be "Autonomy for Macedonia"
Rule 5 - The organization should act independently so it doesn't come under the influence of foreign organizations

— Ivan Hadži Nikolov, [24]

Name[change | change source]

"The first constitution and rules of the revolutionary organization have not yet been found, therefore the only indicators are the memoirs of the founders of the organization, and according to them we can draw the following conclusion that the first name of the organization is the Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (MRO)"

— Bulgarian State Historical Archive, 2004, [25]
Photo of Petar Pop Arsov, the creator of the first constitution of the Macedonian Revolutionary Organization,[26] according to him the first name was neither MRO nor BMARC, but infact "Committee for acquiring the political rights of Macedonia, given to it by the Treaty of Berlin"[27] and that later the name was changed to MRO.
Photo of the mysterious constitution document which calls the organization Bulgarian Macedonian-Adrianopolitan Revolutionary Committees. Bulgarian historians believe that the first name of the organization was BMARC, there are very little sources that support the theory and almost all the founders of MRO stated that it was called MRO and not BMARC,[28]

The first name has been in dispute between Bulgarian and Macedonian historians for a long time, because of a lack of archiving the first name of the organization isn't for sure, originally for most of its history the organization had been known as the Macedonian Revolutionary Organization[28] but then in 1961, Ivan Katardžiev during his visit to the Bulgarian state archives received a strange document from Bulgarian historians which had a unknown previously not known document which says the first name of the organization was Bulgarian Macedonian-Adrianopolitan Revolutionary Committees.

At first Katardžiev believed it was legit and began believing that the first name was BMARC, but eventually after the 1970s he would begin to change his mind, mostly because later in a inteview in a magazine he would state that "the data from the memoir literature are not in accordance with the content of that “Constitution”"[29]

But despite all of this, most sources have shown that it's called MRO. Tatarčev, the first president of the organization said in his memoirs that they got Petar Pop Arsov to write the consitution of the organization and decide the name, he used the constituion of the Internal Revolutionary Organization as an inspiration, and from what they decided the first name of the organization was Macedonian Revolutionary Organization and that their committee was called the Central Macedonian Revolutionary Committe (Macedonian: Централен Македонски Револуционерен Комитет, romanized: Centralen Makedonski Revolucioneren Komitet).[5][26]

One of the first seal's signed on one of the oldest surviving MRO documents, in it contains the text "Freedom or Death, Central Macedonian Revolutionary Comittee" written in the Ilinden alphabet.[30] But it also contains the name CMRC and not CBMARC.[31]

Multiple old revolutionaries of IMRO call the organization as the Macedonian Revolutionary Organization, for example Dimitar Vlahov in his book in 1925 in Vienna titled "the battle of the Macedonian people for freedom" he stated that in 1893 the founders of the organization called it the Macedonian Revolutionary Organization and not BMARC.[32] According to Gjorče Petrov, the second president of the organization, when he first joined it there was no real constitution or rule book but instead a small list of rules, with the beginning reading "Rules of the Macedonian Revolutionary Organization"[33]

The statute itself has been called into question as many inconsistencies were found within it, one example is the opening title which reads out as “български“ despite the fact that back then it was actually spelled “бѫлгарски” . And even older Bulgarian historians called the first name of the organization as Macedonian Revolutionary Organization, and not BMARC, such as Yordan Badev, a Bulgarian historian about Macedonian history, in his work about the biography and legacy of Dame Gruev he wrote that the first name of the revolutionary organization was MRO.[34]

According to Petar Pop Arsov himself, the creator of the constitution he said that the first name was neither MRO nor BMARC, but infact "Committee for acquiring the political rights of Macedonia, given to it by the Treaty of Berlin"[27] and that later the name was changed to MRO. But when making the new constitution of MRO he said he sent it to a printing press in Romania but it got burned before it could be printed, so the first constitution is considered lost media.[27] Many outside sources and newspapers also noted how the name at the time used by the organization was Macedonian Revolutionary Organization, which means both outside and inside members of the organization named the organization as Macedonian Revolutionary Organization and not Bulgarian Macedonian-Adrianopolitan Revolutionary Committees.[35][36][37][38]

In one of the books of Vancho Gjorgjiev, a historian who is an expert about the Macedonian Revolutionary Organization he discovers a seal from perhaps one of the oldest surviving documents from the Macedonian Revolutionary Organization, in it is a document from Dame Gruev to Hristo Tatarčev about the state of the organization, interesting enough the document has a seal which reads "Freedom or Death, Central Macedonian Revolutionary Comittee"[39] written in the Ilinden alphabet, this proves that the name BMARC had never been used and that CMRC and MRO had been the first names[40] that had been used until 1897 when it was changed to SMARO.[41]

Purpose[change | change source]

Autonomy as a building block for independence[change | change source]

Map of the Macedonian region also known as ethnic Macedonia, when MRO was created they decided to go with the main goal being autonomy, hoping that eventually they could earn independence from the Ottoman Empire this opinion is shared in the MRO consitution and the SMARO (Secret Macedonian Adrianople Revolutionary Organization) constitution.

During the creation of MRO the purpose of the organization was talked about and at first they could not reach an agreement, some wanted independence but some wanted autonomy, eventually they agreeded on autonomy and then independence.[42] Since to many revolutionaries and members autonomy was only a basic beginning and that after more and more autonomy over the years they would gain independence from the Ottoman Empire, that way less funding had to be spend on milltary war since they knew they could win overtime.[43]

Yet according to Hristo Tatarčev, the founder of the organization. the reason he accepted autonomy over independence was because he knew the organization was still young and weak and that by gaining independence would be too tough to do alone, so he accepted autonomy hoping that eventually his plan would work out and they could find better conditions, he also proposed that if they cannot gain autonomy or independence then they can unite with a foreign balkan country who was independent at the time, like Serbia, Bulgaria. or even creating a united and possibly a socialist balkan federation which would treat everybody as equals and would be powerful aganist outside forces.[44] He is known for saying:

We could not act differently and predetermine the fate of the Macedonian people, we left it to them to forge their own destiny: would we join Bulgaria or would we become a member for a Balkan confederation. Whatever their interests dictate later, they are free to do as he pleases

— Hristo Tatarčev

Some sources also state that the original goal was to re-implement rule 23 of the Berlin congress but Hristo changed his mind since to him it was more complicated and harder to do, so according to him he decided to rewrite the consitution so it alters the goal and instead of being about rule 23 of the Berlin congress it would be about Autonomy of Macedonia.[45] The concept of creating a independent Macedonian state was not new to the Macedonian Revolutionaries at MRO, Hristo the founder of the organization made it very clear that autonomy was only the first step of freedom for the Macedonians and that underneath the autonomy plan was a secret plan for creating a free Macedonian state.

The question regarding Thracia[change | change source]

See also: Thrace
Collection of photos made in the 1910s that contains all the notable figures of MRO between 1895 to 1914

The region of Thrace (known as Adrianople at the time) had a sizeable population that wanted to also gain independence or autonomy along with the Macedonian Revolutionary Organization,[42] this caused a discussion between the founders on whether or not they should include Thrace as their main goal, according to Hristo, the founder:

Thrace, which was referred to by the Central Committee at the end of 1895. in order to include it in the program of MRO, it was also the object of long discussions: would it be rational and useful for the liberation cause of the christian tribe and it was finally unanimously adopted that it should not be treated separately from Macedonia and should constitute one a unique cause with Macedonia when all efforts are already being made to match Macedonia's readiness. Based on the above-mentioned discussions, it was decided to amend the constitution, as it allowed that every Macedonian and Thracian, regardless of religion or gender could be a member of the Organization...

— Hristo Tatarčev, [46]

Around 1895, two years after the founding the organization they created a branch dedicated to Thracian independence, with the main leaders of the branch being the anarchist Mihail Gerdžikov and the millitary leader Lazar Madžarov,[47] they were both locals from Thrace and close allys to the Macedonian Revolutionary Organization.[48] Mihail he would rise the ranks and eventually even lead some brigades and groups in Thrace.[49] Тhe first meeting of the Thracian branch was held in 1895 in Plovdiv in the house of Mihail Gerdžikov.[50] They had high hopes that their leadership would work and they knew very well that Bulgaria would not help out but perhaps even sabotage their efforts, this is because Thrace took a sizeable amount of southern Bulgaria.[51]

Thrace would become the 7th district in the Macedonian Revolutionary Organization.[52] Some historians share different opinions on how Thrace really got included in the organization, some believe that Hristo, the founder was forced to include Thrace in his plans, some believe that since Thrace was under control of the Bulgarian exarchate they wanted to include it since most were raised under the Bulgarian Exarchate and its educational schools and churches in the cities.[53] Eventually in 1896 the organization would change its name to SMARO (Secret Macedonian Adrianople Revolutionary Organization),[54] where they'll rewrite the constitution so membership is for all Macedonians and residents of Thrace regardless of the Thracians gender, nationality and religion.[55]

Sources[change | change source]

  1. ↑ Sinadinoski 2017, p. 46.
  2. ↑ Papavizas, G. C. (2015). Claiming Macedonia: The Struggle for the Heritage, Territory and Name of the Historic Hellenic Land, 1862-2004. McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers. p.73
  3. ↑ Gerolymatos, A. (2016). An International Civil War: Greece, 1943-1949.  Yale University Press p.182
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 During an operation trip of Gjorče Petrov to Sofia, He was temporarly placed as acting leader
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Miletić 1928, p. 103.
  6. ↑ Brown, K. (2013). Loyal Unto Death: Trust and Terror in Revolutionary Macedonia. Indiana University Press. p.61
  7. ↑ Lape, L. (1969) Книгата за Илинден: зборник на трудови по повод 65-годишнината од Илинденското востание. Институт за национална историја Заедница за издавачка дејност при НИП "Нова Македонија"
  8. ↑ Crenshaw, M., Pimlott, J. (2015). International Encyclopedia of Terrorism. Taylor & Francis.
  9. ↑ Miletić 1928, p. 95.
  10. ↑ Dimeski, Dimitar (1993). МАКЕДОНСКОГО РЕВОЛУЦИОНЕРНО НАЦИОНАЛНООСЛОБОДИТЕЛНО ДВИЖЕНЬЕ (1893 - 1903 г.) (PDF). Periodizacija. p. 38.
  11. ↑ Sinadinoski 2017, p. 145.
  12. ↑ Macedonian Revolutionary Organization – Macedonian pride, bright and bloody past! (2022) by Sotir Kostov
  13. ↑ D. St. (2023). "One hundred and thirty years since the foundation of the Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (MRO)". Nova Makedonija. p. 1.
  14. ↑ "A tradition of Bulgarian historiography to falsify historical documents. The decades-long tendency of Bulgarian politics and its national historiography to reduce Macedonia, the Macedonian people, history and language as part of "Bulgarian unity", also instrumentalizes European mechanisms and principles in the interest of its assimilationist aspirations. In their efforts to impose a narrative that the Macedonian people and their history are "invented", Bulgarian politics and science do not limit themselves to falsifying historical documents, on the one hand, and in the same context, on the other hand, accusing them of "falsifications". . Sometimes they even manage to impose such a narrative on some Macedonian historians. Of course, such steps were quickly detected and indignantly rejected by other Macedonian historians. However, historians emphasize that "Bulgarian historiography is very skilled in falsifying documents". Фалсификувани документи како бугарски историски аргументи (November 26, 2021) by Jasminka Pavlovska
  15. ↑ When writing the history of his own state (and nation) the historian can hardly avoid nationalist biases of one kind or another. Subject matter and “values” are in this case closely intertwined and quite inseparable; in a certain sense national history tends to become nationalist history. The more so when national feelings and attitudes are very alive and the historian as a person shares these values. Nationalist “prejudicing" of the cruder type is simply inescapable when neither nationalism has been questioned, nor the purposes of history writing discussed. Bulgarian historiography originated in the national Revival epoch when it was considered as a political weapon in national liberation struggles. This national-nationalist tradition of historiography continues quite uninterrupted to the present day and has never been seriously shattered. The official Bulgarian historiography - the “Marxist” cliches in the main but also some nationalist distortions - ware satirised by GENCHEV, N. in Kratkosmeshna Istoriia published in 1980 in Sofia. for more information see Building up a National Identity: The Case of Bulgaria by Roumen Daskalov page 5
  16. ↑ Boyko Borisov's GERB and the nationalist alliance United Patriots (currently disintegrated), the then-ruling coalition of Bulgaria, decided to impose the ban in a moment when the government was shaken by widespread anti-establishment protests and Borissov’s government was increasingly associated with corruption allegations. Ever since, the Macedonian card has been played out by whoever wants to provoke a similar reaction in the society. Another controversial layer is that in 2019 several members of one of the parties in the United Patriots group, IMRO, were charged with selling Bulgarian passports to Macedonians who want to benefit from having EU documents. Why lifting the veto on North Macedonia’s EU accession might come costly for Bulgaria (February 3rd 2023) by Svetoslav Todorov
  17. ↑ Bulgaria is a profoundly polarized society, which has almost no point of contact with European values, on which the EU is founded and promoted. That is why, an impression is often created in the European public that Bulgaria had “strayed” into the EU. Bulgaria has become the European center for “certification” of mafia and crimes and a symbol of corruption. Currently, Bulgaria is everything it should not be bearing in mind that it is an EU and NATO member, which implies application of the highest democratic standards. The recent political corruption demonstrated through the “purchase” of eight opposition representatives/deputies from the BSP in the Bulgarian parliament by the ruling regime, that is the GERB party, who now support the stands of the ruling GERB party, is an illustration of the situation in the country. The current Bulgarian authorities want to “certify” the identity of the Macedonians and the Macedonian language. In this context, they promote non-credible data that Macedonians have Bulgarian roots and imply that the Republic of Macedonia has to make an official statement that the Macedonian language and identity have Bulgarian roots. It is inconceivable that in the 21st century the state of Bulgaria, as a full-fledged member of EU and NATO, disputes the identity and language of its neighboring people - the Macedonians. 2020 Bulgaria: Bulgarian ‘certification’ of identity of Macedonians and Macedonian Language? (2022) by ifimes.org
  18. ↑ Широкото ослободително движење што ја зафатило Македонија во деведесеттите години на XIX век довело до формирање на тајна револуционерна организација. from Violetova Akovska and Nikola Zhezhekov
  19. ↑ Panovski, Goran (2013). "Создавање на македонската револуционерна организација (МРО)". HSFS Dobri Daskalov.
  20. ↑ Gruev 1995, p. 97.
  21. ↑ Чанчаревиќ, Огнен (2022). "23 Октомври – Ден на македонската револуционерна борба". Voa news.
  22. ↑ Map of Fillppou in 2014 provided by Google Maps
  23. ↑ Memoirs of Ivan Hadži Nikolov, Foundation of IMRO, Section 1
  24. ↑ Founder of IMRO (1936) in Sofia by Illustration Ilinden p. 3-4
  25. ↑ Известия на държавните архиви. (2004). Бугарија: Наука и изкуство. страна 201
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 Sinadinoski 2017, p. 25.
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 ВМОРО през погледа на нейните основатели. Спомени на Дамян Груев, д-р Христо Татарчев, Иван Хаджиниколов, Антон Димитров, Петър Попарсов. Съст. Т. Петров, Ц. Билярски. Св. Георги Победоносец; София, 2002, ISBN 9545092335; с. 203-207.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Janeković, Gjorgji (2023). "The first name of the IMRO". Medium.
  29. ↑ Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Macedonia, Historical Dictionaries of Europe by Dimitar Bechev (2009) page 99 (ISBN — 0810862956)
  30. ↑ In the Ilinden alphabet it's "Свобода или смьртъ, Македонски Централенъ Революционенъ Комитетъ"
  31. ↑ Creation of a Modern Macedonian state (2014) by Vancho Gjorgjiev, page 51
  32. ↑ Борбите на македонския народ за освобождение, Революционното движение в Македония. Македонската революционна организация (1925) by Dimitar Vlahov, p. 9
  33. ↑ Memoirs of Gjorche Petrov (1927) page 50 - 51
  34. ↑ Даме Груевъ. Животъ и дѣло by Yordan Badev (1943) page 141
  35. ↑ The daily palladium. [volume], February 03, 1904, Page SEVEN, Image 7
  36. ↑ Barton County democrat. [volume], May 15, 1903, Image 3
  37. ↑ The sun. [volume], August 12, 1903, Image 1
  38. ↑ The Birmingham age-herald. [volume], August 08, 1903, Image 2
  39. ↑ In the Ilinden alphabet it's "Свобода или смьртъ, Македонски Централенъ Революционенъ Комитетъ"
  40. ↑ Gjorgjiev, Vancho (2010). Podzemna Republika, Damjan Gruev i Makedonskoto revolucionerno dvizhenje. Trimaks. p. 94.
  41. ↑ Ѓорѓиев, Ванчо (2004). "ОЛУНСКИОТ КОНГРЕС HA ТМОРО ОД 1903 ГОДИНА И ПРАШАЊЕТО ЗА ВОСТАНИЕ" (PDF). UKIM: 81.
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 Историја на Македонската Револуционерна Организација
  43. ↑ Gjorgjiev, Vancho (2007). "Behaviour between SMARO and the Bulgarian goverment of Konstantin Stoilov" (PDF). Godishen Zbornik: 291.
  44. ↑ Gjorgjiev, Vancho (2021). "THE POSTULATES OF MACEDONIA REVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENT 1893–1908" (PDF). Ogledi MANU: 169.
  45. ↑ Gjorgjiev, Vancho (2014). Борбата за автономија на Македонија и за создавање македонска држава (1893-1912) (PDF). Makedonska Litera. p. 50.
  46. ↑ Христо Татарчев оd Ресен, Македониja - "Револуционерната дејност; Основачкиот конгрес на Внатрешната македонска револуционерна организација; Средства и вооружување", публикувано в "Македонската револуционерна организација и д-р Христо Татарчев (помеѓу митот и реалноста)", Скопје, 2017 година
  47. ↑ Stevo Nakovski - lets not forget Odrinsko! (2020) by Stevo Nakovski
  48. ↑ Даме Груев, Ѓорче Петров, Славејко Арсов, Михаил Герџиков за загинувањето на Гоце (2023) од денешен.мк
  49. ↑ Михаил Герџиков (2013)
  50. ↑ Михаил Герџиков, Спомени - Г. Делчев во обиколка во Одринско. - Мешање од врховистите - Првиот револт. Одрински конгрес. - Конгресот го распределува Одринско на револуц. движење во Одринско, агитира и врши организирање по селата. - Расположението на бугарското население. Остер конфликт со еден бугарски чорбаџија. - Г. во Одрин.
  51. ↑ Бугаринот што го посвети својот живот за македонската слобода и државност (2023) од Далибор Станковиќ
  52. ↑ Љубчо Георгиевски: Треба да признаеме дека заедно сме се бореле со Бугарите (2023) oд Fokus
  53. ↑ Македонска Револуционерна Организација (2012) од Македонска Нација
  54. ↑ Основањето на МРО не е основање на ВМРО, а уште помалку основање на ВМРО-ДПМНЕ и секое превземање на 23 октомври 1893 година како ден на основање на ВМРО е погрешно, извртување на историските факти и создава погрешна реалност на која се изградени и многу митови. Еден од најштетните е оној дека ВМРО-ДПМНЕ има ексклузизвно право на македонската револуционерна борба, што апсолутно неточно и архаично, како што е архаично една партија во Европа денес да се нарекува – револуционерна. (2023) од Зоран Бојаровски
  55. ↑ Михаил Γерджиков и подвигът на тракийци 1903 г. съст. Надежда Недкова, Евдокия Петрова ПРЕДГОВОР

Literature used[change | change source]

Memoirs[change | change source]

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