User:Immanuelle/Sasadahiko Shrine
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| Immanuelle/Sasadahiko Shrine | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Religion | |
| Deity | Sashikuni Ōkami Michiomi no Mikoto Ōtomo no Satehiko |
| Location | |
| Location | Wakayama Prefecture Wakayama City Kataoka-cho 2-9 |
  Shown within Japan | |
| Geographic coordinates | 34°13′25.66″N 135°10′26.77″E / 34.2237944°N 135.1741028°E |
Sasutahiko Shrine is a shrine located in Kataoka-cho, Wakayama City, Wakayama Prefecture . It is a shrine listed in the Engishiki and its former rank was prefectural shrine .
It is also commonly known as "Oka no Miya" and is also called "Yoshimune Kohitoyoshi Shrine."
Worshipped deities[change | change source]
The two main deities are: [1]
Founder of the Otomo clan. According to the "Kojiki," he served as the vanguard in Emperor Jimmu's Eastern Expedition.
Written as "Satehiko" in the "Nihon Shoki." He was the son of Ōtomo no Kanamura and is said to be the tenth-generation descendant of Michiomi no Mikoto according to the "Shinsen Shōjiroku." He was dispatched to the Korean Peninsula and achieved military success.
About the deity[change | change source]
Because Sasadahiko Shrine lost ancient documents and treasures during numerous wars, the identity of the ancient deity worshipped at the shrine remains unknown. In the section on shrines in the Kii Shoku Fudoki (a topographical book of Kii Province from the Edo period), he is identified as Sashikuni Ōkami or Okuninushi no Kami, but this is thought to have changed in the Meiji period. [2] It is said that the shrine's name has long been known as "Kuzu Myojin," and it appears in the Kan'ei-ki, part of the Kii Shoku Fudoki, on a building inscription from 1589 ( Tensho 17), on a stone lantern from 1650 ( Keian 3), and on a building inscription from 1678 ( Enpo 6), as "Kunizu Shrine" [2] . For these reasons, there is a view that "Kuzu" is a temporary character for "Kuni no Nushi" and that the deity was originally a landlord. [2] According to the shrine's explanation, when the parishioners rebuilt Sasadahiko Shrine, which had fallen into such ruin that even the enshrined deity was unknown, they named it "Kuninoushi Shrine" with the meaning of "god who protects the country," and this is how the legend that Ōkuninushi is the enshrined deity was born. [3]
On the other hand, according to the theory of Motoori Norinaga, Sasadahiko is assumed to be the same as the "Sashikoni-no-Okami" in the Izumo mythology of the Kojiki. [2] According to the Kojiki, Sashikuni Ōkami was the father of Sashikuni Wakahime, who gave birth to Okuninushi-no-Mikoto, and was Okuninushi's maternal grandfather. The Kii Shodoki states that Sashikoni Wakahime is named after the place name "Wakaura ( Wakaura )," and points out a connection to the fact that Okuninushi came to Kii after being persecuted by the Yatogami. [2] In addition, based on the sound of "sasutahiko," there is a theory that sees Sasutahiko as Sarutahiko or Sasutehiko. [2]
The only known document that mentions "Sashidahiko" is the "Furuya Family Genealogy" included in the "Kaino Kuni Ichinomiya Sengen Jinja Shiho" [4] . The "Furuya Family Genealogy" states that Michiomi’s father was Sasadahiko, and that Michiomi was “born in Kataoka, Nagusa County, Kii Province.” [3] Based on this record, the Sasadahiko Shrine has speculated that Sasadahiko was originally enshrined as an ancestral deity. [3]
The Furuya Family Genealogy was first published in 1979 and is therefore not widely known, but it is highly regarded by researchers. Taku Tanaka has stated that "in fact, there are many points in the existing Otomo family tree that have been corrected or added to by this genealogy" [5], and Mutsuko Mizoguchi has also evaluated it as "an extremely valuable document that has retained the original form" [6] . The traditional genealogy of the Otomo clan is known as the "Otomo clan genealogy" [7] published in the " Zoku Gunsho Ruiju ," but it contains many errors, such as listing Otomo Naganori 's son as Furumaro, and in recent years, many have adopted the "Furuya family genealogy" [8] .
history[change | change source]
Founded[change | change source]
According to the shrine's tradition, Otomo no Sakehiko, the tenth generation descendant of Michiomi no Mikoto, was bestowed with the local area, "Oka no Sato," as a reward for his achievements, and the area continued to be ruled by successive generations after him. [9] Later, when his twentieth-generation descendant, Otomo no Takemochi, came to live in the area, he enshrined his ancestral deity here, which is said to be the founding of the shrine. The local people worshiped him as "Kuni no Nushi no Kami" or "Okuninushi no Kami" [9] .
The Sasadahiko Shrine side considers the "Oka no Sato Kofun" ancient tomb within the shrine grounds to be the grave of the Otomo clan, and also points out the deep ties between this area and the Otomo clan based on the description of the Otomo clan from "Kataoka Village, Nagusa County" in Volume 30 of the " Shoku Nihongi " [10] . [9]
Brief history[change | change source]
In the Engishiki Shinmeicho ( list of shrines) compiled in 927, the shrine is listed as "Sashidahiko Shrine" in Nagusa County, Kii Province, and is listed as one of the shrines listed in the Engishiki . In addition, the Kii no Kuni Jinmyo- cho records him as "Sashidahiko-no-Kami, Junior Fourth Rank Upper (or Junior Fifth Rank Upper)."
During the Edo period, Tokugawa Yorinobu restored the shrine as a guardian deity for Wakayama Castle. [11] In addition, Tokugawa Yoshimune revered Sasadahiko Shrine as the local guardian deity and donated 10 koku of land to the shrine in 1712. [11] In 1594, the temple grounds were moved to its current location [9], and in 1699, Urabe Kaneyoshi designated it as a shrine listed in the Engishiki (Engishiki Period ) under the name Sasadahiko Shrine [2] .
Much of the origins of the shrine remain unclear due to the destruction of ancient documents and other materials through fire. According to the shrine's legend, when Okamoto Takehide, the 28th generation descendant of Otomo no Takemochi, first built Okayama Castle (present-day Wakayama City), he donated the shrine's land and revered it as the castle's guardian deity. [9] After that, the area fell into disrepair due to conflicts during the Nanboku-cho period . [9]
According to the Kii Shodo Fudoki, the shrine was revived by parishioners during the Kakitsu era ( 1441-1443 ). In 1585 , the shrine's land was confiscated when the Hashiba clan entered the country, but the Wakayama Castle lord, Kuwayama Shigeharu, restored the shrine buildings. [11] It is said that Toyotomi Hideyoshi considered Sasadahiko Shrine to be important as the guardian deity when he built Wakayama Castle. [9]
In 1729, 200 koku of land from Tajiri Village in Nagusa County was donated to him . [12] It is also said to be a shrine where people pray for the peace of the nation, and is ordered to perform purification rituals for the peace of the nation 10,000 times a year. [13] From 1626 to 1673 , Shoshuin served as the temple's betto temple. [11]
In the Meiji era, in April 1873, it was ranked as a prefectural shrine under the modern shrine ranking system . [9] Subsequently, the shrine buildings, treasures, and ancient records were destroyed in fire during the Pacific War. [9]
God Tier[change | change source]
- Junior Fourth Rank Upper ( Kiino Jinmyocho ) - Written as "Sashidahiko-no-kami". Some manuscripts state that he was of Junior Fifth Rank Upper.
Priest[change | change source]
When Toyotomi Hideyoshi built Wakayama Castle, he appointed Okamoto Sasuke, a descendant of the Otomo clan, as its chief priest. [9] In addition, during the restoration by Shigeharu Kuwayama, Iechika Okamoto was designated a priest. [9]
Since then, generations of the Okamoto family have served as priests at Sasadahiko Shrine, Okamoto Chojun served as a temporary guardian for Tokugawa Yoshimune, and after Okamoto Chokoku, each generation has had an audience with the shogun once every three years, down to the present day. [9]
Temple grounds[change | change source]
Shrine[change | change source]
The temple grounds were burned down during the war in 1945, but were later rebuilt. The 1811 " Kiino Kuni Meisho Zue" lists Sasadahiko Shrine at the top of its list of famous places, and includes a drawing of the shrine grounds as they were at the time.
-
Main Hall -
Worship hall
Okanosato Tomb[change | change source]
The ancient tomb is located on the slope of the mountain on the southwest side of the temple grounds and was discovered in January 1932 [14] . Based on the shape of the pottery excavated, it is estimated to date to around the 6th century [15], and connections to Sasadahiko Shrine and the Otomo clan have been pointed out [14] . The burial mound is currently buried under falling sand. Only one burial mound has been discovered, but if it is in the form of a group of burial mounds there is a possibility that there are more undiscovered burial mounds. [14]
-
Location of Okanosato Tomb
Sub-shrines[change | change source]
Affiliated shrines[change | change source]
- Hachiman Shrine - Deity: Emperor Ojin [16]
- Hikawa Shrine - Deity: Susanoo
Sub-shrine[change | change source]
- Inari Shrine - Deity: Ugatama-no-Mikoto
- Konpira Shrine - Deity: Omononushi
- Usumisha Shrine - Deity: Usumi
- Inari Shrine - Deity: Ugatama-no-Mikoto
- Kobayashi Inari Shrine - Deity: Ugatama no Mikoto
- Benzaiten Shrine - Deity: Ichikishimahime
- Kasuga Shrine - Deities: Takemikazuchi-no-Mikoto, Inahinushi-no-Mikoto, Ameno-Koyane-no-Mikoto, Himegami
- Tenmangu Shrine - Deity: Sugawara no Michizane
- Haraedo Shrine - Deities: Seoritsuhime, Hayaakitsuhime, Ibukito no Kami, Hayasasurahime
- Nanryu Hattattsusha Shrine - Deity: Nanryu Hattattsu Okami
- Daikokusha - Deity: Okuninushi
- Divine Horse - Deity: Lord Aritoku (Tokugawa Yoshimune)'s beloved horse
Deity[change | change source]
- monthly
- Tsukikami Festival (1st) - Small festival [17] .
- Monthly Festival (17th) - Small festival.
- January
- New Year's Day Festival, Ceremony to pray for the safety of parishioners (January 1st) - both are medium-sized festivals.
- Genshisai (January 3rd) - Middle festival.
- Coming of Age Festival (January: Coming of Age Day) - A small festival.
- February
- Setsubun Festival (Setsubun Day in February) - A small festival.
- Kigensetsu Festival (February 11th) - A small festival.
- Hatsuuma Festival (Hatsuuma Day on the lunar calendar in February) - A small festival.
- March
- Prayer Festival (Spring Festival) (March 17th) - Grand festival .
- Goryo-sai (March, Vernal Equinox Day) - A small festival.
- April
- Greenery Day Festival (April 29th) - Medium festival.
- May
- Constitution Memorial Festival (May 3rd) - Small festival.
- Benten Festival (May 5th) - Small festival.
- July
- Summer Festival (July 17th) - Mid-year festival.
- September
- Goryo-sai (Autumnal Equinox Day, September) - A small festival.
- October
- Annual festival (Autumn festival), Kanname-sai (October 17th) - both are major festivals .
- November
- Culture Festival (November 3rd) - Mid-year festival.
- Niiname-sai (Thanksgiving) (November 23rd) -Great festival .
- December
- Fire Festival (Winter Festival) (December 13th) - Medium festival.
- Emperor's Birthday Festival (December 23rd) - Medium festival.
- Great Purification Ceremony (December 30th) - A small festival.
Cultural Assets[change | change source]
Cultural properties destroyed by fire[change | change source]
- Sword with the name Mitsuyo
- This sword is said to have been donated by Tokugawa Yoshimune in 1721 . Mitsuyo was a swordsmith from Miike, Chikugo Province, in the late Kamakura period. The mounting is a thread-wrapped tachi mounting, with all metal fittings made of red copper with a gold-colored diamond pattern on a fish roe background, the scabbard with a gold-colored diamond pattern lacquer-e on a gold pear-colored background, and the handle and waving are brown with a gold border and flower-colored thread winding. The sword box was painted black with wax, had a hinged lid and a lock. [18] In 1924 , it was designated as a former national treasure (equivalent to an important cultural property under current law) based on the Ancient Shrines and Temples Preservation Law of the time, but was destroyed by fire during the Great Wakayama Air Raid on July 9, 1945 .
Festivals[change | change source]
location
- 2-9 Kataokacho , Wakayama City, Wakayama Prefecture
Traffic access
- From Wakayama Station on the West Japan Railway Company (JR West Japan) or Wakayamashi Station on the JR West Japan/ Nankai Electric Railway Company
- Take the Wakayama Bus and get off at the "Okayamacho" bus stop (approximately 5 minutes walk from the bus stop)
- Take the Wakayama Bus and get off at the "Kencho-mae" bus stop (approximately 7 minutes walk from the bus stop)
Local information[change | change source]
- ↑ 祭神は神社由緒書による。
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 『日本の神々』刺田比古神社項。
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 刺田比古の由来（神社公式サイト内）。
- ↑ 『甲斐国一之宮浅間神社誌』浅間神社、1979年、資料篇のpp. 278-300所収。古屋家は浅間神社の社家。
- ↑ 『田中卓著作集 6』国書刊行会 1986年、p. 160。
- ↑ 『古代氏族の系譜』吉川弘文館、1987年、p. 96。同著で溝口は「古屋家家譜」を詳細に分析している。
- ↑ 「大伴氏系図」『続群書類従』巻第182所収。
- ↑ 宝賀寿男『古代氏族系譜集成』（古代氏族研究会、1986年）も『古屋家家譜』の内容を採用する。
- ↑ 9.00 9.01 9.02 9.03 9.04 9.05 9.06 9.07 9.08 9.09 9.10 9.11 神社由緒書。
- ↑ 『続日本紀』神護景雲3年（769年）11月25日条。
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 『和歌山県の地名』刺田比古神社項。
- ↑ 『新訂増補国史大系 45 徳川実紀第8編』吉川弘文館、1970年、p. 508。
- ↑ 『新訂増補国史大系 45 徳川実紀第8編』吉川弘文館、1970年、p. 247。
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 境内説明板。
- ↑ 『和歌山県史蹟名勝天然記念物調査報告 11輯』（和歌山県、1933年）。
- ↑ 摂末社の記載は神社由緒書による。
- ↑ 祭事の記載は神社由緒書による。
- ↑ 文化庁編『戦災等による焼失文化財 増訂版 美術工芸篇』（臨川書店、1983年）。
footnote[change | change source]
- Shrine History Book
- Shikinaisha Research Group (ed.), Shikinaisha Research Report, Kokugakuin University Press, 1977-86
- Junichi Kamada (ed.), "Kaino Kuni Ichinomiya Sengen Jinja Jisho," Sengen Jinja, March 10, 1979
- Nozaki Sabun, "Japanese Scenic Places and Geographies, Volume 8: Nankaido Section," Hakubunkan, 1898
- Yoshiyasu Shimizu, Catalog of Famous Places in Japan, Wakayama Prefecture Volume, Taiseikan, 1904
- Edited and published by Wakayama City Hall, "Wakayama History Supplement Edition," Wakayama City Hall, 1915
- " Japanese Historical Place Names : Place Names in Wakayama Prefecture" ( Heibonsha ) - Wakayama City, Sasadahiko Shrine
- Maruyama Kentoku, "Sashidahiko Shrine" (in Kenichi Tanigawa ed., "Japanese Gods - Shrines and Sacred Places - 6, Ise, Shima, Iga, Kii" ( Hakusuisha ))
- Takao Takaga, "The Otomo Clan: A Famous Warrior Family Descended from the Native Peoples of the Japanese Archipelago (Research on Ancient Clans)," Aogaki Publishing, 2013
- Michinoomi-no-mikoto
- Ancestor of the Ōtomo clan. According to the Kojiki, he served as the vanguard during Jimmu's Eastern Expedition .
- Ōtomo no Satehiko
- In the "Nihon Shoki" he is written as "Sadehiko." He was the son of Ōtomo no Kanamura, and according to the Shinsen Shōjiroku, was the tenth generation descendant of Michiomi no Mikoto. He was sent to the Korean Peninsula and is said to have achieved military success.