Ottoman Empire

Sublime Ottoman State
Ottoman Empire
Osmanlı İmparatorluğu
دولت عالیه عثمانیه
*Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye*
	Sublime Ottoman State; Ottoman Empire; Osmanlı İmparatorluğu; دولت عالیه عثمانیه; Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye
Flag	Coat of arms
	Motto; دولت ابد مدت; Devlet-i Ebed-müddet; ("The Eternal State")
	Anthem; Ottoman imperial anthem
	Borders in 1609, see: list of territories
Capital	Söğüt (1299–1326); Bursa (1326–1365); Edirne (1365–1453); Constantinople (1453–1922)
Government	Monarchy
	Sultans
- 1281–1326 (first)	Osman I
- 1918–22 (last)	Mehmed VI
	Grand Viziers
- 1320–31 (first)	Alaeddin Pasha
- 1920–22 (last)	Ahmed Tevfik Pasha
History
- Founded	1299
- Interregnum	1402–1413
- 1. Constitutional	1876-1878
- 2. Constitutional	1908-1918
- Succeeded	July 24, 1923
	Area
- 1680	5,500,000 km2 (2,123,562 sq mi)
	Population
- 1856 est.	35,350,000
- 1906 est.	20,884,000
- 1914 est.	18,520,000
- 1919 est.	14,629,000
Currency	Akçe, Kuruş, Lira
	Timeline of the Ottoman Empire

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The Ottoman Empire lasted from 1299 to 1923. It was centered around the Middle East and western portions of lands around the Mediterranean Sea. The empire was created by Ottoman Turks and was most powerful around 1400 to 1600, when it controlled trade and politics in Europe, Asia, and Africa. The empire's capitals were firstly Bursa, secondly Edirne and finally Istanbul. In later years, the Ottoman Empire began to weaken and became known as "the sick man of Europe" in the latter part of the 19th century.

In the early years of the empire, shahzadahs, who were the sons of the Sultan, used to be sent to Sanjaks (different parts of the empire) to have experience and to later govern. This was because they were candidates for the Sultanate and Caliphate. After Ahmed this system changed. In the new system the Sultan would keep all his male relatives locked in a small apartment called a kafes where they would never be able to see the outside world, and would therefore be unable to take power from him. Often, a new Sultan would simply have his male relatives killed, a simpler solution since it removed competition for the Sultanate and prevented rebel movements. However, the women in his harem often sought greater status and influence, and the Sultan's mother might become the most powerful political force in the Empire, because each mother in the harem would try to make her own son the next Sultan, since they knew he would probably be killed if he was not. The Sultans quickly lost their ability to govern far-away territories well, and all the peoples living in the Empire were soon governing themselves under their own laws. By its end, the Ottoman Empire grew so worn out and corrupt that it was ready to collapse.

[change] Capital of Ottoman empire

Edirne in Thrace served as the capital city of the Ottoman Empire from 1365 to 1453, before Istanbul became the empire's new capital.

[change] Vassal states of Ottoman empire

Transylvania, Moldavia, Wallachia, (Romania), Caucasus (Georgia, Dagestan, Chechnya, Stavropol Krai) was only Vassal states of Ottoman empire. None Turkish people had to live here. These states received the degree of independence and autonomy from the Ottoman Empire. The price and rules for this autonomy was to paid much money (taxation) to Sultan.

[change] References

↑ The Treaty of Sèvres (10 August 1920) afforded a small existence to the Ottoman Empire. The abolishment of the Ottoman Sultanate in November 1, 1922, did not end the Ottoman State, but only the Ottoman dynasty. The official end of the Ottoman State was declared through the Treaty of Lausanne (July 24, 1923). It recognized the new "Ankara government", and not the old Constantinople-based Ottoman government, as representing the rightful owner and successor state. The Constantinople-based government was practically headless after the sultan left the capital. The TBMM declared the successor state to be the "Republic of Turkey" (October 29, 1923), less than a month after its international recognition as a state.