User:Yottie/Manchester United F.C.

"MUFC" and "Manchester United" redirect here. For other uses, see MUFC (disambiguation).

This page is about the men's football club. For the women's football club, see Manchester United W.F.C. For the basketball team, see Manchester Eagles.

Not to be confused with F.C. United of Manchester.

Manchester United

Full name	Manchester United Football Club
Nickname(s)	The Red Devils
Short name	Man United/Utd United MUFC
Founded	1878 (1878), as Newton Heath LYR F.C. 1902 (1902), as Manchester United F.C.
Ground	Old Trafford
Capacity	74,879
Owner	Manchester United plc (NYSE: MANU)
Co-chairmen	Joel and Avram Glazer
Manager	Ole Gunnar Solskjær
League	Premier League
2021–22	Premier League, 6th of 20
Website	Club website
Home colours Away colours Third colours

Manchester United Football Club is a professional football club. It is based in Old Trafford, Greater Manchester, England. It plays in the Premier League, the highest level of English football. Its nickname is "the Red Devils". The club started as Newton Heath LYR Football Club, in 1878. It changed its name to Manchester United in 1902. It moved to its current stadium, Old Trafford, in 1910.

Manchester United have won more trophies than any other club in English football. They have won 20 League titles, 12 FA Cups, five League Cups and 21 FA Community Shields. United have also won three UEFA Champions Leagues, one UEFA Europa League, one UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, one UEFA Super Cup, one Intercontinental Cup and one FIFA Club World Cup. In 1998–99, the club became the first club in the history of English football to win the continental European treble. They won the UEFA Europa League in 2016–17 and became one of five clubs to have won all three main UEFA club competitions.

The 1958 Munich air disaster is a famous plane crash in the club's history. Eight Manchester United players died. In 1968, the manager Matt Busby guided Manchester United to the European Cup. They became the first English football club to win this trophy. Alex Ferguson is one of the most famous managers of the club. He won 38 trophies as manager. This includes 13 Premier League titles, 5 FA Cups and 2 UEFA Champions Leagues, between 1986 and 2013. He retired in 2013.

Manchester United was the highest-earning football club in the world for 2016–17. It had an annual revenue of €676.3 million. It was the third most valuable football club in the world in 2019. Its value was £3.15 billion ($3.81 billion). As of June 2015, it is the world's most valuable football brand. Its estimated value is $1.2 billion. It was floated on the London Stock Exchange in 1991. Malcolm Glazer bought the club in May 2005. This valued the club at almost £800 million. After this, the company became private again. In August 2012, it went public once more. It made an initial public offering on the New York Stock Exchange. Manchester United has the most fans in the world. It has big rivalries with Liverpool, Manchester City, Arsenal and Leeds United.

History

See also: List of Manchester United F.C. seasons

A chart showing the progress of Manchester United through the English football league system from joining as Newton Heath in 1892–93 to the present.

Early years (1878–1945)

See the main article: History of Manchester United F.C. (1878–1945)

Manchester United was formed in 1878 as Newton Heath LYR Football Club. The Carriage and Wagon department of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway (LYR) depot started the club at Newton Heath. The team first played against other departments and railway companies. On 20 November 1880, they played in their first recorded match. They wore the colours of the railway company: green and gold. They lost 6–0 against the reserve team of Bolton Wanderers. In 1888, the club became a founding member of The Combination, a regional football league. The league stopped after only one year. Newton Heath joined the new Football Alliance. This ran for three seasons. It was then combined with The Football League. This meant the club started the 1892–93 season in the First Division. By this time it was independent of the railway company. It did not use "LYR" in its name anymore. After two seasons, the club was relegated to the Second Division.

The Manchester United team at the start of the 1905–06 season, in which they were runners-up in the Second Division

In January 1902 the club had debts of £2,670, equivalent to (the same as) £290,000 in 2024. The club was given a winding-up order. Captain Harry Stafford found four local businessmen, including John Henry Davies (who became club president). Each businessman invested £500 to be allowed to help run the club. They then changed the name on 24 April 1902. Manchester United was officially born. Ernest Mangnall became the manager in 1903. The team finished the Second Division in second position in 1906. They went back to the First Division. They won the league in 1908. This was the club's first league title. The season after, the club won the first ever Charity Shield. That season, the club also won its first FA Cup title. Manchester United won the First Division for the second time in 1911. At the end of the next season, Mangnall left the club to join Manchester City.

In 1922, three years after football started again after the First World War, the club was relegated to the Second Division. It stayed in this division until 1925. It went back to the first division, but was relegated again in 1931. Manchester United became a yo-yo club. In 1934 it had its worst ever position in the league. It was 20th place in the Second Division. The main benefactor, John Henry Davies, died in October 1927. After this the club's finances got worse. Manchester United were close to bankruptcy, but James W. Gibson invested £2,000 in December 1931. He and took control of the club. In the 1938–39 season, the last year of football before the Second World War, the club was 14th in the First Division.

Busby years (1945–1969)

See the main article: History of Manchester United F.C. (1945–1969)

The Busby Babes in Denmark in 1955

In October 1945, football started again. Matt Busby became the manager. He wanted a lot of control over choosing payers, player transfers and training sessions. Busby and his team finished second in 1947, 1948 and 1949. They won the FA Cup in 1948. In 1952, the club won the First Division. This was the first time they won the league for 41 years. They league titles in 1956 and 1957. At that time, the team had average age of 22. They were nicknamed "the Busby Babes" by the media. This was because Busby believed in his young players. In 1957, Manchester United became the first English team to play in the European Cup. The Football League did not want them to, but did not stop them. The year before, they had stopped Chelsea from playing in that cup. They lost in the semi-final to Real Madrid. However, earlier in the tournament the team won10–0 victory against Belgian champions Anderlecht. This is still the club's biggest ever victory.

A plaque at Old Trafford in memory of those who died in the Munich air disaster, including players' names

The season after, the Munich air disaster happened on the way home from a European Cup quarter-final victory against Red Star Belgrade. The plane carrying the Manchester United players, officials and journalists crashed while trying to take off after stopping for fuel in Munich, Germany. 23 people died in the Munich air disaster of 6 February 1958. This included eight players: Geoff Bent, Roger Byrne, Eddie Colman, Duncan Edwards, Mark Jones, David Pegg, Tommy Taylor and Billy Whelan. The crash also injured many other people.

Manchester United (1963)

The assistant manager, Jimmy Murphy, became the manager while Busby recovered from his injuries. The club still got to the FA Cup final, but they lost to Bolton Wanderers. In recognition of the team's tragedy, UEFA invited the club to play in the 1958–59 European Cup. The Football Association agreed, but the Football League said that the club should not enter the competition, because it had not qualified. Busby built the team again in the 1960s. He signed players such as Denis Law and Pat Crerand. They played well with the next generation of young players, including George Best. They won the FA Cup in 1963. The season after, they finished second in the league. They won the league in 1965 and 1967. In 1968, Manchester United became the first English (and second British) club to win the European Cup. They beat Benfica 4–1 in the final. The team had three European Footballers of the Year: Bobby Charlton, Denis Law and George Best. They then represented Europe in the 1968 Intercontinental Cup against Estudiantes of Argentina. They lost the first match in Buenos Aires 1–0. They drew 1–1 at Old Trafford three weeks later. This meant they lost the cup. Busby resigned as manager in 1969. The reserve team coach replaced him. He was former Manchester United player Wilf McGuinness.

1969–1986

See the main article: History of Manchester United F.C. (1969–1986)

Bryan Robson was the captain of Manchester United for 12 years, longer than any other player.

The club finished in 8th place in the 1969–70 season. They had a bad start to the 1970–71 season. Busby started to be the temporary manager again. McGuinness went back to be the reserve team coach. In June 1971, Frank O'Farrell became the manager. He stayed less than 18 months. Tommy Docherty became the new manager in December 1972. Docherty stopped Manchester United being relegated that season. However, they were relegated to the second division in 1974. Best, Law, and Charlton had left the club by that point. The team won promotion back to the first division at the first attempt. They played in the FA Cup final in 1976, but Southampton won the match. They got to the final again in 1977. They beat Liverpool 2–1. Docherty was sacked soon after, because he had had an affair with the club physiotherapist's wife.

Dave Sexton became the new manager after Docherty in the summer of 1977. He signed major players Joe Jordan, Gordon McQueen, Gary Bailey, and Ray Wilkins. However, the team did not achieve any great results. They finished in the top two in 1979–80. They lost to Arsenal in the 1979 FA Cup Final. Sexton was sacked in 1981, even though the team won the last seven games under his direction. Ron Atkinson replaced him. He quickly broke the British record transfer fee (the money used to buy a player) to sign Bryan Robson from West Bromwich Albion. Under Atkinson, Manchester United won the FA Cup twice in three years – in 1983 and 1985. In 1985–86, the club was favourite to win the league after 13 wins and two draws in its first 15 matches. However, they only finished in fourth place. Atkinson was sacked the season after, because the club was already in danger of relegation by November.

Ferguson years (1986–2013)

See the main article: History of Manchester United F.C. (1986–2013)

Alex Ferguson managed the team between 1986 and 2013.

Alex Ferguson and his assistant Archie Knox arrived from Aberdeen on the day of Atkinson's left. They guided the club to an 11th-place finish in the league. They finished second in 1987–88, but the club was back in 11th place the season after. Reports say Ferguson was close to losing his job. A win against Crystal Palace in the 1990 FA Cup Final replay (after a 3–3 draw) saved Ferguson's career. The season after this, Manchester United won its first Cup Winners' Cup title. It also played in the 1991 UEFA Super Cup. It beat European Cup holders (champions from the year before) Red Star Belgrade 1–0 in the final at Old Trafford. In 1992, United played in another League Cup final. They beat Nottingham Forest 1–0 at Wembley. In 1993, the club won its first league title since 1967. A year later, for the first time since 1957, it won a second title in a row. It also won the FA Cup. This means they completed the first "Double" in the club's history. United then became the first English club to do the Double twice. They won both competitions again in 1995–96. In 1996–97, they won the league again, one game before the end of the season.

Front three: Manchester United's treble medals of the 1998–99 season are displayed at the club's museum.

In the 1998–99 season, Manchester United became the first team to win the Premier League, FA Cup and UEFA Champions League – "The Treble" – in the same season. They were losing 1–0 going into injury time in the 1999 UEFA Champions League Final. Teddy Sheringham and Ole Gunnar Solskjær scored late goals to claim a dramatic victory against Bayern Munich. It is thought of as one of the greatest comebacks (when you were losing and came back to win) of all time. The club also won the Intercontinental Cup. They beat Palmeiras 1–0 in Tokyo. Ferguson was then knighted for his services to football.

Ryan Giggs is the most decorated player in English football history.

Manchester United won the league again in the 1999–2000 and 2000–01 seasons. The team finished third in 2001–02. They won the title again in 2002–03. They won the 2003–04 FA Cup. They beat Millwall 3–0 in the final at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff. They won the trophy for a record 11th time. In the 2005–06 season, Manchester United did not get to the knockout phase of the UEFA Champions League. This was the first time in over a decade. They still managed to finish second in the league. They also won the 2006 Football League Cup Final against Wigan Athletic. The club won the Premier League again in the 2006–07 season. In 2007–08, they did the European double. They won a penalty shootout 6–5 against Chelsea in the 2008 UEFA Champions League Final in Moscow and won their 17th English league title. In that season, Ryan Giggs played a record 759th game for the club. This was more than the old record of Bobby Charlton. In December 2008, the club won the 2008 FIFA Club World Cup. They then won the 2008–09 Football League Cup. Later that year, they won a third Premier League title in a row. In the summer of 2009, United sold Cristiano Ronaldo to Real Madrid for a world record £80 million. In 2010, Manchester United beat Aston Villa 2–1 at Wembley to win the League Cup again. This was the first time they defended (won again the next year) a knockout cup competition.

They finished second behind Chelsea in the 2009–10 season. In 2010–11, United won a record 19th league title. They won the league with a 1–1 away (at the opponent's stadium) draw against Blackburn Rovers on 14 May 2011. They made this 20 league titles in 2012–13. They won the league with a 3–0 home (at their own stadium) win against Aston Villa on 22 April 2013.

2013–present

On 8 May 2013, Ferguson said he would retire as manager at the end of the football season. He said he would stay at the club as a director and club ambassador. The club announced the next day that Everton manager David Moyes would be the new manager from 1 July. He signed a six-year contract. Moyes was sacked after a bad season. The club finished 7th in the Premier League title. It did not qualify for the UEFA Champions League for the first time since 1995–96. Ryan Giggs became the interim player-manager on 22 April 2014, only 10 months after Moyes became manager. They also did not qualify for the Europa League. This was the first time Manchester United had not qualified for a European competition since 1990. On 19 May 2014, the club said Louis van Gaal would replace Moyes as Manchester United manager. He was given a three-year deal. Giggs was his assistant. Malcolm Glazer, of the Glazer family that owns the club, died on 28 May 2014.

In Van Gaal's first season, United qualified for the Champions League through a fourth-place finish in the Premier League. In his second season, United lost in the group stage of this same tournament. United several expensive players, but his team did not do well in the league. They finished in 5th place. However, that same season, Manchester United won the FA Cup for a 12th time. This was their first trophy since 2013. Van Gaal was sacked as manager just two days later. José Mourinho became the new manager on 27 May 2016. He signed a three-year contract. That season, United finished in sixth place in the league. They won the EFL Cup for the fifth time and the Europa League for the first time. They also won the FA Community Shield for a record 21st time in Mourinho's first competitive (in a competition) match as the manager. United didn't finish in the top four, but qualified for the Champions League because they won the Europa League. Wayne Rooney scored his 250th goal with United. He passed Sir Bobby Charlton as United's all-time top scorer. Rooney left the club at the end of the season. He went back to Everton. On 18 December 2018, Mourinho was sacked by the club after 144 games as the manager. United were in sixth place in the Premier League table. They were 19 points behind leaders Liverpool and 11 points outside the Champions League places (the top four). The day after, former Manchester United striker Ole Gunnar Solskjaer became the caretaker manager until the end of the season. On 28 March 2019, Solskjær was appointed permanent manager on a three-year deal. Until then, he had 14 wins from his first 19 matches as manager. This included beating Paris Saint-Germain 3-1 in the Champions League after losing the first match 2-0. In the 2019-2020 season, Manchester United reached three semi-finals. They played in the semi-final of the League Cup, the FA Cup and the Europa league. They lost all three matches. This is the first time an English cup has lost three cup semi-finals in the same season. Manchester United finished third in the Premier League. They beat Leicester City 2-0 in the last match of the season to stay above Chelsea who finished fourth. In January, the club signed midfield player Bruno Fernandes. He came from Portugueses club Sporting Lisbon, like Cristiano Ronaldo 16 years before. The British media said that Fernandes was one of the main reasons the club finished in the top 4. Since he joined the club, Manchester United have not lost in the Premier league.

Crest and colours

The club crest comes from the Manchester City Council coat of arms. However, all that is left of it on the current crest is the ship in full sail. The devil comes from the club's nickname "The Red Devils". Club programmes and scarves in the 1960s had a devil on. It became part of the club crest in 1970. The crest was not on the chest of the shirt until 1971.

Newton Heath's uniform in 1879 has been documented as 'white with blue cord'. This was four years before the club played its first competitive match. A photograph of the Newton Heath team, taken in 1892, seems to show the players wearing red-and-white quartered shirts and navy blue knickerbockers. Between 1894 and 1896, the players wore green and gold shirts. In 1896, these changed to white shirts. They were worn with navy blue shorts.

When the club name changed in 1902, the club colours changed to red shirts, white shorts and black socks. This has become the normal Manchester United home kit (the shirt, shorts and socks). The kit did not change very much until 1922. The club then used white shirts with a deep red "V" around the neck. This was similar to the shirt worn in the 1909 FA Cup Final. They stayed as part of the home kits until 1927. For a period in 1934, the cherry (red) and white hooped (with large horizontal stripes) change shirt (used when the home shirt was too similar to the other team's) became the home shirt. The season after, they used the red shirt again after the club finished 20th in the Second Division and the hooped shirt became the change shirt again. The club used white socks instead of black from 1959 to 1965. They then used red socks up until 1971. They sometimes used white. In 1971, the club used black socks again. The players sometimes wear black shorts and white socks with the home shirt. This is most often in away games, if the other team's colours are too similar. For 2018–19, black shorts and red socks became the main choice for the home kit. Since 1997–98, United usually use white socks for European games. These matches are usually played during the week in the evening. The white socks help players see the other players in their teams more easily. As of 2020, the home kit is a red shirt with the trademark Adidas three stripes in red on the shoulders, white shorts and black socks.

The Manchester United away kit has often been a white shirt, black shorts and white socks. However, this was not always the away kit. They sometimes used an all-black strip with blue and gold trimmings between 1993 and 1995. They wore navy blue shirts with silver horizontal pinstripes during the 1999–2000 season. The 2011–12 away kit had a royal blue chest and sleeves with hoops made of small midnight navy blue and black stripes, with black shorts and blue socks. In the 1995–96 season there was an all-grey away kit. They only used it for five games. The last time United used it was against Southampton. Alex Ferguson told the team to change into the third kit during half-time. The players said it was difficult to see the other players in their team against the crowd. United never won a competitive game in that kit. In 2001, to celebrate 100 years as "Manchester United", the club made a reversible white and gold away kit. The real match day shirts (the shirts the players used) were not reversible.

The club's third kit is often all-blue. This was most recently true during the 2014–15 season. They also wore a green-and-gold halved (half green, half gold) shirt between 1992 and 1994. They used a blue-and-white striped shirt during the 1994–95 and 1995–96 seasons and once in 1996–97. They wore an all-black kit during the 1998–99 season when they won the Treble. They used a white shirt with black-and-red horizontal pinstripes between 2003–04 and 2005–06. From 2006–07 to 2013–14, the third kit was away kit of the season before. However, they used the new club shirt sponsor in 2006–07 and 2010–11. The only time they didn't do this was in 2008–09. They used an all-blue kit to mark the 40th anniversary of the 1967–68 European Cup win.

Kit evolution

1879–1880, 1896–1902

1880–1887

1887–1893

1893–1894

1894–1896

1902–1920, 1921–1922, 1927–1934, 1934–1960, 1971–2018, 2019–present

1920–1921, 1963–1971

1922–1927

1934

1960–1963 (1997–2018, 2019–present)

2018–2019

Notes

Grounds

United's current ground, Old Trafford, after its expansion in 2006.

1878–1893: North Road

See the main article: North Road (football ground)

Newton Heath first played on a field on North Road, close to the railway. At first, the capacity (number of people who could watch) was about 12,000. However, club officials said the facilities were not good enough for a club that wanted to join The Football League. They made it bigger in 1887. In 1891, Newton Heath used the little money it had to buy two grandstands. Each was able to hold 1,000 people. Attendances (the number of people watching) were not recorded for many of the early matches at North Road. However, the highest attendance was about 15,000. This was for a First Division match against Sunderland on 4 March 1893. There was a similar attendance for a friendly match (not competitive) against Gorton Villa on 5 September 1889.

1893–1910: Bank Street

See the main article: Bank Street (football ground)

In June 1893, Manchester Deans and Canons, the owner of North Road, evicted the team. They did not think that the club was right to make people pay to get into the ground. The club secretary, A. H. Albut, procured the use of the Bank Street ground in Clayton. At first it had no stands. By the start of the 1893–94 season, there were two stands. One stand was along the full length of the pitch on one side. The other stand was behind the goal at the "Bradford end". At the opposite end, the "Clayton end", the ground had been "built up, thousands thus being provided for". Newton Heath's first league match at Bank Street was against Burnley on 1 September 1893. 10,000 people watched as Alf Farman scored a hat-trick. Newton Heath's won 3–2. The club added other stands for the next league game against Nottingham Forest, three weeks later. In October 1895, before the visit of Manchester City, the club bought a 2,000-capacity stand. This was from the Broughton Rangers rugby league club. Newton Heath also put up another stand on the "reserved side" (as opposed to the "popular side"). However, bad weather meant only 12,000 could watch the match against Manchester City.

Bailiffs closed the Bank Street ground for a time in 1902. The club captain, Harry Stafford, raised enough money to pay for the club's next away game at Bristol City. He also helped to find a ground at Harpurhey for the next reserves game against Padiham. After investors gave the club more money, the new club president John Henry Davies paid £500 for a new 1,000-seat stand at Bank Street. Within four years, the stadium had cover on all four sides. It was also able to hold about 50,000 people. Some of them could watch from the viewing gallery on top of the Main Stand.

1910–present: Old Trafford

See the main article: Old Trafford

Manchester United's won its first league title in 1908. They won the FA Cup a year later. Therefore, Davies decided that that Bank Street was too small for his ambitions. In February 1909, six weeks before the club's first FA Cup title, Old Trafford became the home of Manchester United. The club bought the land for around £60,000. Architect Archibald Leitch had a budget of £30,000 for to build the stadium. The original plans were for a capacity of 100,000 people. However, this changed to 77,000 because it would have been too epxensive. Messrs Brameld and Smith of Manchester built the stadium. The stadium's record attendance was on 25 March 1939. It was for an FA Cup semi-final between Wolverhampton Wanderers and Grimsby Town. 76,962 people watched the match.

Bombing in the Second World War destroyed much of the stadium. The central tunnel in the South Stand was all that was left of that part. After the war, the club got money from the War Damage Commission. They got £22,278. The team played its "home" games at Manchester City's Maine Road ground while Old Trafford was under reconstruction (being built again). Manchester United had to pay £5,000 per year, and a nominal percentage of gate receipts (tickets sold). The stadium was made better over the years. The club added roofs, first to the Stretford End and then to the North and East Stands. Pillars supported the roofs. This blocked the view of many fans. To make this better, the club built a cantilevered structure instead. The Stretford End was the last stand to get a cantilevered roof. This was finished before the 1993–94 season started. The club built four 180-foot (55 m) pylons for lighting. Each pylon had 54 individual floodlights. The club used them for the first time on 25 March 1957. The pylons cost £40,000. In 1987, the club stopped using these pylons. They used a new lighting system inside in the roof of each stand instead. This is the same system in use today.

The Taylor Report said that clubs needed to have a stadium with only seats. This meant that Old Trafford could only have 44,000 fans at the same time in 1993. In 1995, the North Stand changed into three tiers (levels). After this, about 55,000 people could watch the games. At the end of the 1998–99 season, the club built second tiers for the East and West Stands. 67,000 people could watch the games after this. Between July 2005 and May 2006, they added 8,000 more seats with second tiers in the north-west and north-east quadrants (corners). Fans used some of the new seating for the first time on 26 March 2006. This set a new attendance record of 69,070. This was the most for a Premier League match. The record slowly went up. It was highest on 31 March 2007. 76,098 fans saw Manchester United beat Blackburn Rovers 4–1. Only 114 seats (0.15 per cent of the total capacity of 76,212) were empty. In 2009, the seating changed. This meant there were 255 fewer seats. The new capacity became to 75,957. Manchester United has the second highest average attendance of European football clubs. This is only behind Borussia Dortmund.

Support

Manchester United is one of the most popular football clubs in the world. It has one of the highest average home attendances in Europe. The club says that its fan base across the world has 200 officially recognised groups of the Manchester United Supporters Club (MUSC). They are in at least 24 countries. The worldwide summer tours are very popular as a result. Accountancy firm and sports industry consultants Deloitte says they believe that Manchester United has 75 million fans in the world. The club has the third highest number of people in the world following them on social media among sports teams. The first and second are Barcelona and Real Madrid. It has over 73 million Facebook fans as of December 2019. A 2014 study showed that Manchester United had the loudest fans in the Premier League.

Two independent bodies help the fans: the Independent Manchester United Supporters' Association (IMUSA), which has close links to the club through the MUFC Fans Forum, and the Manchester United Supporters' Trust (MUST). After the Glazer family bought the club in 2005, a group of fans formed another club, F.C. United of Manchester. The West Stand of Old Trafford is called the "Stretford End". It is the home end and the loudest part of the stadium.

Rivalries

Main articles: Manchester derby, Liverpool F.C.–Manchester United F.C. rivalry, Leeds United F.C.–Manchester United F.C. rivalry, and Arsenal F.C.–Manchester United F.C. rivalry

Manchester United has rivalries with Arsenal, Leeds United, Liverpool, and Manchester City. They play Manchester derby against Manchester City.

Cristiano Ronaldo on the ball in a 2009 Premier League game between Manchester United and Liverpool

The rivalry with Liverpool comes from the competition between the cities during the Industrial Revolution. At the time, Manchester was famous for its textile industry and Liverpool was an important port. The two clubs are the most successful English teams in both domestic (in England) and international competitions. Between them they have won 39 league titles, 9 European Cups, 4 UEFA Cups, 5 UEFA Super Cups, 19 FA Cups, 13 League Cups, 2 FIFA Club World Cups, 1 Intercontinental Cup and 36 FA Community Shields. It is one of the biggest rivalries in the football world. It is on of the most famous matches in English football.

The "Roses Rivalry" with Leeds comes from the Wars of the Roses. These were wars between the House of Lancaster and the House of York, with Manchester United part of Lancashire and Leeds part of Yorkshire.

The rivalry with Arsenal comes from the two teams, and managers Alex Ferguson and Arsène Wenger, often fighting for the Premier League title. They have 33 league trophies between them (20 for Manchester United, 13 for Arsenal). This has become one of the biggest Premier League rivalries in history.

Global brand

Manchester United has been called a global brand. In 2011, Brand Finance said the club's trademarks and linked intellectual property was worth £412 million. This was £39 million more than the year before. It was also £11 million more than the second best brand, Real Madrid. It gave the brand a strength rating of AAA (Extremely (very) Strong). In July 2012, Forbes magazine placed Manchester United first in its list of the ten most valuable (worth the most money) sports team brands. It said that the Manchester United brand was worth $2.23 billion. The club is third in the Deloitte Football Money League (behind Real Madrid and Barcelona). In January 2013, the club became the first sports team in the world to be valued at $3 billion. Forbes magazine valued the club at $3.3 billion. This was $1.2 billion more than the next most valuable sports team. Real Madrid were first for the next four years, but Manchester United returned to the top of the Forbes list in June 2017. They had a valuation of $3.689 billion.

An official partner of the club, Turkish Airlines in Manchester United livery

Many say that the big strength of Manchester United's global brand is because of Matt Busby. He built the team again after the Munich air disaster and this event was very important in the news. The famous team included Bobby Charlton and Nobby Stiles (both won the World Cup with England in 1966), Denis Law and George Best. The team had an attacking style of play (different from the defensive "catenaccio" style that the best Italian teams used) and "captured the imagination of the English footballing public". Busby's team also became linked to the liberalisation of Western society during the 1960s. George Best was known as the "Fifth Beatle" because of his haircut. He was the first footballer to have an important media profile away from football.

Manchester United was the second English football club to float on the London Stock Exchange in 1991. The club got a lot of money. This helped with its commercial strategy. The club focused on both commercial and sporting success. This brought high profits whereas the football industry often brings large losses. The Manchester United brand became stronger because the media were very interested in player's personal lives. The most famous example is David Beckham (who quickly made his own global brand). This attention often makes people more interested in the football. This gives the club more chances for sponsorship, which becomes more valuable when it is on television often. During his time with the club, Beckham became more popular across Asia. This was very important for the club's commercial success in that part of the world.

Finishing in a better position in the league means the club gets more money from television rights. This means that if a teams wins more matches, the club gets more money. Since the Premier League started, Manchester United has had the the most revenue from the BSkyB television rights. Manchester United has also had the highest commercial income of any English club. In 2005–06, the club's commercial operation made £51 million. This was £42.5 million at Chelsea, £39.3 million at Liverpool, £34 million at Arsenal and £27.9 million at Newcastle United. An important sponsorship relationship was with sports company Nike. They looked after the club's merchandising operation as part of a £303 million 13-year partnership between 2002 and 2015. There are many branded products and services to buy through Manchester United Finance and the club's membership scheme. There are also Manchester United-branded media services, for example club's own television channel, MUTV. This has helped the club get more fans who aren't able to got to the Old Trafford stadium.

Sponsorship

Period	Kit manufacturer	Shirt sponsor (chest)	Shirt sponsor (sleeve)
1945–1975	Umbro	—	—
1975–1980	Admiral
1980–1982	Adidas
1982–1992		Sharp Electronics
1992–2000	Umbro
2000–2002		Vodafone
2002–2006	Nike
2006–2010		AIG
2010–2014		Aon
2014–2015		Chevrolet
2015–2018	Adidas
2018–			Kohler

Sharp Electronics was the club's first shirt sponsor. They first signed a five-year deal worth £500,000, at the beginning of the 1982–83 season. This relationship lasted until the end of the 1999–2000 season. In 2000, Vodafone agreed a four-year, £30 million deal. Vodafone agreed to pay £36 million to make the deal four years longer. However, after two seasons it stopped being the sponsor to focus on its sponsorship of the Champions League.

For the 2006–07 season, American insurance corporation AIG was the shirt sponsor. They signed a four-year £56.5 million deal. In September 2006, it was the biggest shirt sponsorship deal in the world. In 2010, American reinsurance company Aon became the club's shirt sponsor. They signed a four-year deal worth about £80 million. It became the most expensive shirt sponsorship deal in football history. In August 2011, Manchester United announced their first training kit sponsor. They agreed a four-year deal with DHL. Reports say it was worth £40 million. Reports also say it was the first training kit sponsorship deal in English football. The DHL contract lasted for over a year. The club bought back the contract in October 2012. DHL stayed the club's official logistics partner. United then sold the contract for the training kit sponsorship to Aon in April 2013. The deal was worth £180 million over eight years. This also included buying the naming rights (Aon were allowed to use their name) for the Trafford Training Centre.

The club's first kit manufacturer was Umbro. In 1975, United agreedl a five-year deal with Admiral Sportswear. Adidas received the new contract in 1980. Umbro became the manufacturer again in 1992. Umbro's sponsorship lasted for ten years. After this, Nike signed a record £302.9 million deal. This that lasted until 2015. The club sold 3.8 million replica shirts in the first 22 months with the company. The club "platinum" sponsors. These include Nike, Chevrolet, Aon and Budweiser.

On 30 July 2012, United signed a seven-year deal with American automotive corporation General Motors. They became the shirt sponsor after Aon, from the 2014–15 season. The deal is worth about $80m-a-year or $559m over seven years. The club uses the logo of General Motors brand Chevrolet on the shirts. Nike said that they would not sign a new kit deal with Manchester United after the 2014–15 season. They said this was because it was becoming more expensive. In 2015, Adidas became the new kit sponsor for Manchester United. They signed a world-record 10-year deal worth at least £750 million. Plumbing products manufacturer Kohler became the club's first sleeve sponsor at the start of the 2018–19 season.

Ownership and finances

The Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway Company first funded the club. The club became a limited company in 1892. It sold shares to its supporters for £1. It used an application form. In 1902, the four local businessmen who invested £500 to save the club from bankruptcy became the main owners. This including future club president John Henry Davies. After his death in 1927, the club faced bankruptcy again. James W. Gibson saved it in December 1931. He took control of the club after investing £2,000. Gibson promoted his son, Alan, to the board in 1948. James Gibson died three years later. The Gibson family stayed as the owner of the club through James' wife, Lillian. However, the position of chairman passed to former player Harold Hardman.

Louis Edwards, a friend of Matt Busby, became part of the board a few days after the Munich air disaster. He started to buy shares in the club. He spent about £40,000. He had a 54 per cent shareholding and took control in January 1964. When Lillian Gibson died in January 1971, her shares passed to Alan Gibson. He sold some of his shares to Louis Edwards' son, Martin, in 1978. Martin Edwards became chairman when his father died in 1980. Media tycoon Robert Maxwell tried to buy the club in 1984. However, he did not meet the price Edward wanted. In 1989, chairman Martin Edwards tried to sell the club to Michael Knighton for £20 million. The sale did not happen. Knighton joined the board of directors instead.

Manchester United was floated on the stock market in June 1991 (raising £6.7 million). Another businessman wanted to buy them in 1998. This time it was Rupert Murdoch and his British Sky Broadcasting Corporation. As a result Shareholders United Against Murdoch – now the Manchester United Supporters' Trust – encouraged fans to buy shares in the club to stop any hostile takeover. The Manchester United board accepted a £623 million offer. However, the Monopolies and Mergers Commission blocked the deal at the last stage in April 1999. A few years later, there was a power struggle (different people wanted control) at the club. The club manager, Alex Ferguson disagreed with his horse-racing partners, John Magnier and J. P. McManus. They had slowly become the largest shareholders. They had an argument about who owned the horse Rock of Gibraltar. Magnier and McManus didn't want Ferguson to be manager anymore. The board then looked for new investors to attempt to make the Irishmen's majority smaller.

In May 2005, Malcolm Glazer bought the 28.7 per cent stake from McManus and Magnier. This meant he had a controlling interest through his company Red Football Ltd. He borrowed a lot of money to buy the club and become the owner. The club was valued at about £800 million (at the time about $1.5 billion). After this, the club was not on the stock exchange anymore. In July 2006, the club announced a £660 million debt refinancing package (deal). This meant there was 30 per cent less interest to pay every year. It was then about £62 million a year. In January 2010, the club had debts of £716.5 million ($1.17 billion). Manchester United refinanced more through a bond issue worth £504 million. This meant the club could pay most of the £509 million they owed to international banks. The club had to pay interest of about £45 million per year on the bonds. The bonds were to mature on 1 February 2017. The club's debt made fans angry. They staged a protest on 23 January 2010, at Old Trafford and the club's Trafford Training Centre. Supporter groups told fans who went to the match to wear green and gold, the colours of Newton Heath. On 30 January, reports said that the Manchester United Supporters' Trust had held meetings with a group of rich fans. They fans were nicknamed the "Red Knights". They had plans to buy the club from the Glazers.

In August 2011, reports said the Glazers went to Credit Suisse to start a $1 billion (approx. £600 million) initial public offering (IPO) on the Singapore stock exchange. This would mean the value of the club would be more than £2 billion. However, in July 2012, the club announced plans to list its IPO on the New York Stock Exchange instead. The share price was going to be between $16 and $20 each. The price was cut to $14 by the launch of the IPO on 10 August. This was because of bad comments from Wall Street analysts. It was also because Facebook's had a bad start on the stock market in May 2012. Even with the lower share price, Manchester United was valued at $2.3 billion. This made is most valuable football club in the world.

Players

First-team squad

See also: List of Manchester United F.C. players and List of Manchester United F.C. players § Club captains

As of 10 July 2020

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player 1 GK Spain David de Gea 2 DF Sweden Victor Lindelöf 3 DF Ivory Coast Eric Bailly 4 DF England Phil Jones 5 DF England Harry Maguire (captain) 6 MF France Paul Pogba 8 MF Spain Juan Mata 9 FW France Anthony Martial 10 FW England Marcus Rashford 13 GK England Lee Grant 14 MF England Jesse Lingard 15 MF Brazil Andreas Pereira 16 DF Argentina Marcos Rojo 17 MF Brazil Fred 18 MF Portugal Bruno Fernandes

No. Pos. Nation Player 20 DF Portugal Diogo Dalot 21 MF Wales Daniel James 22 GK Argentina Sergio Romero 23 DF England Luke Shaw 24 DF Netherlands Timothy Fosu-Mensah 25 FW Nigeria Odion Ighalo (on loan from Shanghai Shenhua until 31 January 2021) 26 FW England Mason Greenwood 29 DF England Aaron Wan-Bissaka 31 MF Serbia Nemanja Matić 37 MF England James Garner 38 DF England Axel Tuanzebe 39 MF Scotland Scott McTominay 40 GK Portugal Joel Castro Pereira 44 MF Netherlands Tahith Chong 53 DF England Brandon Williams

Out on loan

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player 7 FW Chile Alexis Sánchez (at Inter Milan until 2 August 2020) 12 DF England Chris Smalling (at Roma until 2 August 2020)

Reserves and academy

See the main article: Manchester United F.C. Reserves and Academy

As of 28 February 2020

List of under-23s and academy players with senior squad numbers

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player 30 GK England Nathan Bishop 41 DF England Ethan Laird 47 MF Spain Arnau Puigmal 49 FW England D'Mani Mellor 51 GK Czech Republic Matěj Kovář

No. Pos. Nation Player 54 MF Northern Ireland Ethan Galbraith 58 DF England Di'Shon Bernard 63 MF Wales Dylan Levitt 71 DF England Teden Mengi

Sir Matt Busby Player of the Year

See the main article: Sir Matt Busby Player of the Year

Coaching staff

Position	Staff
Manager	Ole Gunnar Solskjær
Assistant manager	Mike Phelan
First-team coaches	Michael Carrick Kieran McKenna Mark Dempsey Martyn Pert
Senior goalkeeping coach	Richard Hartis
Assistant goalkeeping coach	Craig Mawson
Head of athletic performance	Richard Hawkins
Fitness coaches	Paulo Gaudino Charlie Owen
First-team strength and power coach	Michael Clegg
First-team lead sports scientist	Edward Leng
Head of first-team development	Nicky Butt
Head of academy	Nick Cox
Under-23s manager	Neil Wood
Under-18s manager	Neil Ryan

Managerial history

See the main article: List of Manchester United F.C. managers

Dates	Name	Notes
1878–1892	Unknown
1892–1900	A. H. Albut
1900–1903	James West
1903–1912	Ernest Mangnall
1912–1914	John Bentley
1914–1921	Jack Robson
1921–1926	John Chapman
1926–1927	Lal Hilditch	Player-manager
1927–1931	Herbert Bamlett
1931–1932	Walter Crickmer
1932–1937	Scott Duncan
1937–1945	Walter Crickmer
1945–1969	Matt Busby
1958	Jimmy Murphy	Caretaker manager
1969–1970	Wilf McGuinness
1970–1971	Matt Busby
1971–1972	Frank O'Farrell
1972–1977	Tommy Docherty
1977–1981	Dave Sexton
1981–1986	Ron Atkinson
1986–2013	Alex Ferguson
2013–2014	David Moyes
2014	Ryan Giggs	Interim player-manager
2014–2016	Louis van Gaal
2016–2018	José Mourinho
2018–	Ole Gunnar Solskjær	Caretaker manager until 28 March 2019

Management

See also: Glazer ownership of Manchester United

• Owner: Glazer family via Red Football Shareholder Limited

Manchester United Limited

Position	Name
Co-chairmen	Avram Glazer Joel Glazer
Executive vice-chairman	Ed Woodward
Group managing director	Richard Arnold
Chief financial officer	Cliff Baty
Chief operating officer	Collette Roche
Non-executive directors	Bryan Glazer Kevin Glazer Edward Glazer Darcie Glazer Kassewitz Robert Leitão John Hooks Manu Sawhney

Manchester United Football Club

Office	Name
Honorary president	Martin Edwards
Directors	David Gill Michael Edelson Sir Bobby Charlton Sir Alex Ferguson
Club secretary	Rebecca Britain
Director of football operations	Alan Dawson MBE

Honours

See also: List of Manchester United F.C. records and statistics

Manchester United have won more trophies than most clubs in Europe. The club's first trophy was the Manchester Cup. They won this as Newton Heath LYR in 1886. In 1908, the club won their first league title. They won the FA Cup for the first time the year after. Since then, they have won a record 20 first division titles. This includes a record 13 Premier League titles. Their 12 FA Cups is second only to Arsenal (13). They have also played a record 30 times in the FA Community Shield (which used to be called the FA Charity Shield). This is a game at the start of each season between the winners of the league and FA Cup from the season before. Out of 30 games, Manchester United have won 21. This includes four times when the match was a draw and the two clubs shared the trophy.

The club won a lot under manager Matt Busby. This started with the FA Cup in 1948. The high point was becoming the first English club to win the European Cup in 1968, and winning five league titles in the years before. However, the club's best decade came in the 1990s under Alex Ferguson. He helped the club win five league titles, four FA Cups, one League Cup, five Charity Shields (one shared), one UEFA Champions League, one UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, one UEFA Super Cup and one Intercontinental Cup. They also won the Double (winning the Premier League and FA Cup in the same season) three times during the 1990s. Before their first double in 1993–94, it had only happened five times in English football. When they won a second double in 1995–96, it was called the "Double Double". They were the first team to win the double twice. When they won the European Cup (now the UEFA Champions League) for a second time in 1999, along with the Premier League and the FA Cup. This means they became the first English club to win the Treble. That Champions League title meant they could play in the Intercontinental Cup (which doesn't exist anymore). They also won this. They are the only British team to win the Intercontinental Cup. They won another Champions League title in 2008. This meant they qualified for the 2008 FIFA Club World Cup. They also won this cup. Until 2019, they were the only British team to win that competition. Liverpool won it in 2019.

The club's latest trophy was the UEFA Europa League. They won this in 2016–17. By winning that title, United became the fifth club to have won the "European Treble" of European Cup/UEFA Champions League, Cup Winners' Cup, and UEFA Cup/Europa League after Juventus, Ajax, Bayern Munich and Chelsea.

Domestic

League

• First Division/Premier League
  • Winners (20; record): 1907–08, 1910–11, 1951–52, 1955–56, 1956–57, 1964–65, 1966–67, 1992–93, 1993–94, 1995–96, 1996–97, 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09, 2010–11, 2012–13
• Second Division
  • Winners (2): 1935–36, 1974–75

Cups

• FA Cup
  • Winners (12): 1908–09, 1947–48, 1962–63, 1976–77, 1982–83, 1984–85, 1989–90, 1993–94, 1995–96, 1998–99, 2003–04, 2015–16
• Football League Cup/EFL Cup
  • Winners (5): 1991–92, 2005–06, 2008–09, 2009–10, 2016–17
• FA Charity Shield/FA Community Shield
  • Winners (21; record): 1908, 1911, 1952, 1956, 1957, 1965*, 1967*, 1977*, 1983, 1990*, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2016 (* shared)

European

• European Cup/UEFA Champions League
  • Winners (3): 1967–68, 1998–99, 2007–08
• European Cup Winners' Cup
  • Winners (1): 1990–91
• UEFA Europa League
  • Winners (1): 2016–17
• European Super Cup
  • Winners (1): 1991

Worldwide

• Intercontinental Cup
  • Winners (1): 1999
• FIFA Club World Cup
  • Winners (1): 2008

Doubles and Trebles

• Doubles
  • League and FA Cup (3): 1993–94, 1995–96, 1998–99
  • League and EFL Cup (1): 2008–09
  • League and UEFA Champions League (2): 1998–99, 2007–08
  • EFL Cup and UEFA Europa League (1): 2016–17
• Trebles
  • League, FA Cup and UEFA Champions League (1): 1998–99

Very short competitions such as the Charity/Community Shield, Intercontinental Cup, FIFA Club World Cup or UEFA Super Cup are not usually counted in a Double or Treble.

Manchester United Women

See the main article: Manchester United W.F.C.

A team called Manchester United Supporters Club Ladies started in the late 1970s. It was unofficially recognised as the club's women's team. They helped start the North West Women's Regional Football League in 1989. The team made an official partnership with Manchester United in 2001. They became the club's official women's team. However, in 2005, after Malcolm Glazer became the owner, the club was disbanded. This was because it was seen to be "unprofitable" (not good for making making). In 2018, Manchester United formed a new women's football team. It started in the second division of women's football in England for their first season.

Further reading

• Andrews, David L., ed. (2004). Manchester United: A Thematic Study. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-33333-7.
• Barnes, Justyn; Bostock, Adam; Butler, Cliff; Ferguson, Jim; Meek, David; Mitten, Andy; Pilger, Sam; Taylor, Frank OBE; Tyrrell, Tom (2001) [1998]. The Official Manchester United Illustrated Encyclopedia (3rd ed.). London: Manchester United Books. ISBN 978-0-233-99964-7.
• Bose, Mihir (2007). Manchester Disunited: Trouble and Takeover at the World's Richest Football Club. London: Aurum Press. ISBN 978-1-84513-121-0.
• Crick, Michael; Smith, David (1990). Manchester United – The Betrayal of a Legend. London: Pan Books. ISBN 978-0-330-31440-4.
• Devlin, John (2005). True Colours: Football Kits from 1980 to the Present Day. London: A & C Black. ISBN 978-0-7136-7389-0.
• Dobson, Stephen; Goddard, John (2004). "Ownership and Finance of Professional Soccer in England and Europe". In Fort, Rodney; Fizel, John (eds.). International Sports Economics Comparisons. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers. ISBN 978-0-275-98032-0.
• Dunning, Eric (1999). Sport Matters: Sociological Studies of Sport, Violence and Civilisation. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-09378-1.
• Hamil, Sean (2008). "Case 9: Manchester United: the Commercial Development of a Global Football Brand". In Chadwick, Simon; Arth, Dave (eds.). International Cases in the Business of Sport. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-7506-8543-6.
• Inglis, Simon (1996) [1985]. Football Grounds of Britain (3rd ed.). London: CollinsWillow. ISBN 978-0-00-218426-7.
• James, Gary (2008). Manchester: A Football History. Halifax: James Ward. ISBN 978-0-9558127-0-5.
• Morgan, Steve (March 2010). McLeish, Ian (ed.). "Design for life". Inside United (212). ISSN 1749-6497.
• Murphy, Alex (2006). The Official Illustrated History of Manchester United. London: Orion Books. ISBN 978-0-7528-7603-0.
• Shury, Alan; Landamore, Brian (2005). The Definitive Newton Heath F.C. SoccerData. ISBN 978-1-899468-16-4.
• Tyrrell, Tom; Meek, David (1996) [1988]. The Hamlyn Illustrated History of Manchester United 1878–1996 (5th ed.). London: Hamlyn. ISBN 978-0-600-59074-3.
• White, Jim (2008). Manchester United: The Biography. London: Sphere. ISBN 978-1-84744-088-4.
• White, John (2007) [2005]. The United Miscellany (2nd ed.). London: Carlton Books. ISBN 978-1-84442-745-1.

Other websites

• Official website (in Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Japanese, Korean, and Spanish)
• Official statistics website
• Official Manchester United Supporters' Trust
• Manchester United at Sky Sports
• Manchester United at Premier League

Category:Manchester United F.C. Category:1878 establishments in England Category:Association football clubs established in 1878 Category:Association football clubs established in 1902 Category:Companies established in 1878 Category:Companies formerly listed on the London Stock Exchange Category:Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange Category:FA Cup winners Category:Football clubs in England Category:Football clubs in Trafford Category:EFL Cup winners Category:Former English Football League clubs Category:G-14 clubs Category:Laureus World Sports Awards winners Category:Premier League clubs Category:Publicly traded sports companies Category:Football clubs in Manchester Category:UEFA Champions League winning clubs Category:UEFA Cup Winners' Cup winning clubs Category:UEFA Europa League winning clubs Category:UEFA Super Cup winning clubs