List of countries in the 1860s

Sovereign states

A

• Afghanistan – Emirate of Afghanistan
• → Andorra – Principality of Andorra
• Anhalt – Duchy of Anhalt (from 1863 to July 1, 1867)
• Anhalt-Bernburg – Duchy of Anhalt-Bernburg (to 1863)
• Anhalt-Dessau – Duchy of Anhalt-Dessau (to 1863)
• Ankole – Kingdom of Ankole
• Annam – Empire of Annam
• Anziku – Anziku Kingdom
• → Argentina
  • Argentine Confederation (to December 17, 1861)
  • Argentine Republic (from December 17, 1861)
• Aro – Aro Confederacy
• Ashanti – Asante Union
• → Austria / Austria-Hungary
  • Austrian Empire (to May 29, 1867)
  • Austro-Hungarian Empire (from May 29, 1867)

B

• Baden – Grand Duchy of Baden
• Baguirmi – Kingdom of Baguirmi
• Bambara – Bambara Empire
• Baol – Kingdom of Baol
• Basutoland – Kingdom of Basutoland (to 1868)
• Bavaria – Kingdom of Bavaria
• Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium
• Benin – Benin Empire
• Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan
• Bolivia – Bolivian Republic
• Bora Bora – Kingdom of Bora Bora
• Bornu – Bornu Empire
• Brazil – Empire of Brazil
• Bremen – Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (to July 1, 1867)
• Brunei – Sultanate of Brunei
• Brunswick – Duchy of Brunswick (to July 1, 1867)
• Buganda – Kingdom of Buganda
• Bukhara – Emirate of Bukhara
• Bunyoro – Kingdom of Bunyoro-Kitara
• Burma – Kingdom of Burma
• Burundi – Kingdom of Burundi

C

• Cambodia – Kingdom of Cambodia (to 1863)
• → Canada – Dominion of Canada (from July 1, 1867)
• Cayor – Kingdom of Cayor
• Central Italy – United Provinces of Central Italy (to March 22)
• Chile – Republic of Chile
• China – Great Qing
• Colombia – United States of Colombia (from September 20, 1861)
• Confederate States of America Confederate States
• Cook Islands Rarotonga
• Costa Rica – Republic of Costa Rica
• Couto Misto (to June 23, 1868)

D

• Dahomey – Kingdom of Dahomey
• Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark
• → Dominican Republic – Dominican Republic (from August 16, 1865)

E

• → Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador
• → → El Salvador – El Salvador
• Ethiopia – Ethiopian Empire

F

• Fante – Fante Confederacy (from 1868)
• Fiji – Tui Viti
• France – Empire of the French
• Frankfurt – Free City of Frankfurt (to October 8, 1866)
• Futa Jallon – Imamate of Futa Jallon
• Futa Toro – Imamate of Futa Toro

G

• Garo – Kingdom of Garo
• Gera – Kingdom of Gera
• Gomma – Kingdom of Gomma
• Granadine Confederation – Granadine Confederation (renamed New Granada on July 18, 1861)
• Greece – Kingdom of Greece
• Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala
• Gumma – Kingdom of Gumma

H

• Ha'il – Emirate of Ha'il
• Haiti – Republic of Haiti
• Hamburg – Free City of Hamburg (to 1867)
• Hanover – Kingdom of Hanover (to September 20, 1866)
• Hawaii – Kingdom of Hawaii
• Hesse-Darmstadt – Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine
• Hesse-Homburg – Landgraviate of Hesse-Homburg (to 1866)
• Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) – Electorate of Hesse (to 1866)
• Holstein – Duchy of Holstein (to 1866)
• Honduras – Republic of Honduras
• Huahine – Kingdom of Huahine

I

• Italy – Kingdom of Italy (from March 17, 1861)

J

• Janjero – Kingdom of Janjero
• Japan
  • Tokugawa shogunate (to January 3, 1868)
  • Empire of Japan (from January 3, 1868)
• Jimma – Kingdom of Jimma
• Johor – Sultanate of Johor
• Jolof – Jolof Kingdom

K

• Kaabu – Kingdom of Kaabu (to 1867)
• Kabulistan – Kingdom of Kabul
• Kaffa – Kingdom of Kaffa
• Kashgaria – Kingdom of Kashgaria (from 1862)
• Kénédougou – Kénédougou Kingdom
• Khasso – Kingdom of Khasso
• Khiva – Khanate of Khiva
• Kokand – Khanate of Kokand
• Kong – Kong Empire
• Kongo – Kingdom of Kongo
• Korea – Kingdom of Great Joseon
• Koya Temne – Kingdom of Koya

L

• Liberia – Republic of Liberia
• Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein
• Limburg – Duchy of Limburg ( to 1866)
• Limmu-Ennarea – Kingdom of Limmu-Ennarea
• Lippe – Principality of Lippe (to July 1, 1867)
• Loango – Kingdom of Loango
• Luba – Luba Empire
• Lübeck – Free City of Lübeck (Lubeck) (to 1867)
• Lunda – Lunda Empire
• Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

M

• Maldives – Sultanate of Maldives
• Manipur – Kingdom of Manipur
• Massina – Massina Empire (to 1868)
• Matabeleland – Matabele Kingdom
• Mecklenburg-Schwerin – Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (to July 1, 1867)
• Mecklenburg-Strelitz – Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (to July 1, 1867)
• → → Mexico
  • Republic of Mexico (to April 10, 1864)
  • Mexican Empire (from April 10, 1864 to May 15, 1867)
  • United Mexican States (from May 1867
• Mindanao – Sultanate of Maguindanao
• Monaco – Principality of Monaco
• Montenegro – Principality of Montenegro
• Morocco – Sultanate of Morocco
• Muscat and Oman – Sultanate of Muscat and Oman

N

• Nassau – Duchy of Nassau (to 1866)
• Negeri Sembilan – Negeri Sembilan
• Nepal - Kingdom of Nepal
• Netherlands – Kingdom of The Netherlands
• New Granada – United States of New Granada (July 18 to September 20, 1861)
• Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua
• North German Confederation – North German Confederation (from July 1, 1867)
• Norway – Kingdom of Norway (in personal union with Sweden)

O

• Oldenburg – Grand Duchy of Oldenburg (to July 1, 1867)
• Orange Free State – Republic of Orange Free State
• Ottoman Empire – Sublime Ottoman State
• Ouaddai – Ouaddai Empire
• Oyo – Oyo Empire

P

• Pahang – Sultanate of Pahang
• Papal States – States of the Church
• Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay
• Perak – Sultanate of Perak
• Persia – Persian Empire
• Peru – Peruvian Republic
• Portugal – Kingdom of Portugal
• Prussia – Kingdom of Prussia (to July 1, 1867)

R

• Raiatea – Kingdom of Raiatea
• Rapa Nui – Kingdom of Rapa Nui
• Rarotonga – Kingdom of Rarotonga
• Reuss Elder Line – Principality of Reuss Elder Line (to July 1, 1867)
• Reuss Junior Line – Principality of Reuss Junior Line (to July 1, 1867)
• Romania - United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia
• Russia – Russian Empire
• Rwanda – Kingdom of Rwanda
• Ryūkyū Kingdom – Kingdom of Ryūkyū

S

• Samoa – Kingdom of Samoa
• → San Marino – Most Serene Republic of San Marino
• Sarawak – Kingdom of Sarawak
• Sardinia – Kingdom of Sardinia (to March 17, 1861)
• Saxe-Altenburg – Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg (to July 1, 1867)
• Saxe-Coburg-Gotha – Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (to July 1, 1867)
• Saxe-Lauenburg – Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg, also Duchy of Lauenburg
• Saxe-Meiningen – Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen (to July 1)
• Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach – Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (to July 1, 1867)
• Saxony – Kingdom of Saxony (to July 1, 1867)
• Schaumburg-Lippe – Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe (to July 1, 1867)
• Schleswig – Duchy of Schleswig (to 1866)
• Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt – Principality of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (to July 1, 1867)
• Schwarzburg-Sondershausen – Principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (to July 1, 1867)
• Selangor – Sultanate of Selangor
• Serbia – Principality of Serbia
• Siam – Kingdom of Siam
• Sikkim – Chogyalate of Sikkim
• Sokoto – Sokoto Caliphate
• Spain – Kingdom of Spain
• Sulu – Sultanate of Sulu
• Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden (in personal union with Norway)
• Switzerland – Swiss Confederation

T

• Tahiti – Kingdom of Tahiti
• Tonga – Tu'i Tonga
• Toro – Toro Kingdom
• Toucouleur – Toucouleur Empire
• Transvaal – South African Republic
• → Two Sicilies – Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (to February 12, 1861)

U

• United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
• → → → → United States – United States of America
• United States of the Ionian Islands – United States of the Ionian Islands
• Uruguay – Eastern Republic of Uruguay

V

• → Venezuela
  • Republic of Venezuela (to 1864)
  • United States of Venezuela (from 1864)

W

• Waldeck-Pyrmont – Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont (to July 1, 1867)
• Welayta – Kingdom of Welayta
• Württemberg – Kingdom of Württemberg

Y

• Yeke – Yeke Kingdom

Z

• Zanzibar – Sultanate of Zanzibar (from April 6, 1861)
• Zululand – Kingdom of the Zulus

Non-sovereign territories

United Kingdom

• Cape Colony – Cape of Good Hope

States claiming sovereignty

• Aceh – Sultanate of Aceh
• Alabama – Republic of Alabama (from January 11 to February 4, 1861)
• Araucanía and Patagonia – Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia (from November 17, 1860)
• Arkansas – Republic of Arkansas (from May 6 to May 18, 1861)
• Buenos Aires – State of Buenos Aires
• → → → → → Confederate States – Confederate States of America (from February 4, 1861 to May 5, 1865)
• Cuba – Republic of Cuba (from October 10, 1868)
• Ezo – Republic of Ezo (from December 15, 1868 to June 27, 1869)
• Florida – Republic of Florida (from January 10 to February 4, 1861)
• Goust – Republic of Goust
• Louisiana – Republic of Louisiana (from January 26 to February 4, 1861)
• Mindanao – Sultanate of Maguindanao
• Manitobah – Republic of Manitobah (from June 1867 to 1868)
• Mississippi – Republic of Mississippi (from January 9 to February 1, 1861)
• North Carolina – Republic of North Carolina (from May 20 to May 21, 1861)
• Polish-Lithuanian-Ruthenian Commonwealth (from January 22, 1863 to June 18, 1864)
• → South Carolina – Republic of South Carolina (from December 20, 1860 to February 8, 1861)
• Taiping Heavenly Kingdom - Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace (to July 1864)
• Tennessee - Republic of Tennessee (from June 8 to July 2, 1861)
• Tavolara – Kingdom of Tavolara
• Texas – Republic of Texas (from February 1 to March 2, 1861)
• Virginia – Republic of Virginia (from April 17 to May 7, 1861)