Nelson Mandela
| His Excellency Nelson Mandela OM AC CC OJ GCStJ QC GColIH RSerafO NPk BR MRCSI |
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| Mandela in May 2008 | |
| President of South Africa | |
| In office 10 May 1994 – 14 June 1999 |
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| Deputy | Thabo Mbeki F. W. de Klerk |
| Preceded by | F. W. de Klerk |
| Succeeded by | Thabo Mbeki |
| Secretary General of Non-Aligned Movement | |
| In office 2 September 1998 – 14 June 1999 |
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| Preceded by | Andrés Pastrana Arango |
| Succeeded by | Thabo Mbeki |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Rolihlahla Mandela 18 July 1918 Mvezo, South Africa |
| Nationality | South African |
| Political party | African National Congress |
| Spouse(s) | Evelyn Ntoko Mase (1944–1957) Winnie Madikizela (1957–1996) Graça Machel (1998–present) |
| Children | Madiba Thembekile Makgatho Lewanika Makaziwe Maki Zenani Zindziswa |
| Residence | Houghton Estate, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa |
| Alma mater | University of Fort Hare University of London External System University of South Africa University of the Witwatersrand |
| Religion | Christianity (Methodism) |
| Signature |  |
| Website | www.nelsonmandela.org |
Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (born 18 July 1918)[1] is a South African politician. He was the first President of South Africa to be elected in a fully-represented democratic election. Mandela was also the first black president of his country.
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Early life [change]
Mandela was born at Mvezo, a village in Umtata, capital of the Transkei region of South Africa next to Mbashe River.[2][1] His given name was Rolihlahla, an Xhosa name meaning "pulling the branch of a tree" or informally, "troublemaker". He was a member of the Thembu royal family.[3] However, he was later given the Christian name Nelson by his teacher Miss Mdingane on his first day of school.[4]
Nelson was one of thirteen children. After his father died, when Nelson was 9 years old, he lived with the local regent who sent him to school. He was the first member of his family to go to a school. He was expelled from Fort Hare University in 1941, after demonstrating along with other members of the native (the term used by the whites in the country for the black Africans) student body in support of a female student who had been abused by a Caucasian (white) school master.[5] After being expelled he went to Johannesburg.[6]
Anti-apartheid activity [change]
In 1944, Mandela helped start the African National Congress Youth League[7]. He was soon a high ranking leader in the group. The government saw him as a potential threat to their policy of apartheid, and they made it very hard for him to keep leading the group. He was put in prison because of his involvement in sabotage and violence in 1962 [8][9]. In 1990, he was let out of prison after 26.5 years. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993 together with former President Frederik Willem de Klerk. Nelson Mandela was the president of South Africa from 10 May 1994 until 1999. He was considered one of South Africa's greatest leaders of all time and is respected around the world.
He wanted to free South Africa without violence, but when the government started killing and hurting protesters, he started Umkhonto we Sizwe (English: "Spear of the Nation", also MK) with Walter Sisulu and other people in the African National Congress. He admires Mahatma Gandhi. [10]
Mandela is considered a hero in South Africa and in most of the world because he helped end apartheid. He also helped racial equality begin in South Africa.
Nobel Prize [change]
When he won the Nobel Peace Prize for his contribution to civil rights in 1993 and he said:
"We stand here today as nothing more than a representative of the millions of our people who dared to rise up against a social operation whose very essence is war, violence, racism, oppression, repression and the impoverishment of an entire people."
Health [change]
On 27 March 2013, Mandela was hospitalized in Pretoria from an lung infection, but it was reported on 28 March that he was responding well to treatment.[11][12]
References [change]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "The Nobel Peace Prize 1993 Nelson Mandela, F.W. de Klerk". nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1993/mandela-bio.html. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
- ↑ Mandela, Nelson Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela Little, Brown, and Company New York page 3
- ↑ Mandela, Nelson Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela Little, Brown, and Company New York page 3
- ↑ Mandela, Nelson Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela Little, Brown, and Company New York page 14
- ↑ Guiloineau, Jean Nelson Mandela: The Early of Life of Rolihlahla Madiba 2002 North Atlantic Books Berkley, California pages 127-128
- ↑ Mandela, Nelson Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela Little, Brown, and Company New York 1995 page 55
- ↑ Malam, John Release of Nelson Mandela The Evans Publishing Group 2008 page 15
- ↑ http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/mandela/indictment.html
- ↑ Jones, Seth G. , Libicki, Martin C. How Terrorist Groups End: Lessons for Countering al Qaida page 33
- ↑ Catel, Patrick Nelson Mandela Heineman Library page 36
- ↑ http://www.thestar.com/news/world/2013/03/28/nelson_mandela_back_in_hospital_with_recurring_lung_infection.html
- ↑ http://www.cnn.com/2013/03/28/world/africa/soujth-africa-mandela-hospitalized
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