Pakistan
| Islamic Republic of Pakistan
اسلامی جمہوریۂ پاکستان
Islāmī Jumhūrī-ye Pākistān |
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| Motto: Unity, Discipline, Faith (Urdu: اتحاد، تنظيم، يقين مُحکم) Ittehad, Tanzeem, Yaqeen-e-Muhkam |
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Anthem: Qaumī Tarāna
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.svg) Area controlled by Pakistan in dark red; claimed and disputed but uncontrolled territory marked in light red
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| Capital | Islamabad 33°40′N 73°10′E / 33.667°N 73.167°E |
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| Largest city | Karachi | |||||
| Official language(s) | Urdu (National) English |
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| Recognised regional languages | Balochi, Pashto, Punjabi, Saraiki, Sindhi[1] | |||||
| Demonym | Pakistani | |||||
| Government | Federal Parliamentary republic | |||||
| - | President | Asif Zardari (PPP) | ||||
| - | Prime Minister | Yousaf Gillani (PPP) | ||||
| - | Chief Justice | Iftikhar Chaudhry | ||||
| - | Chair of Senate | Farooq Naek (PPP) | ||||
| - | House Speaker | Fahmida Mirza (PPP) | ||||
| Legislature | Majlis-e-Shoora | |||||
| - | Upper House | Senate | ||||
| - | Lower House | National Assembly | ||||
| Formation | ||||||
| - | Pakistan Declaration | 28 January 1933 | ||||
| - | Pakistan Resolution | 23 March 1940 | ||||
| - | Independence | from the United Kingdom | ||||
| - | Declared | 14 August 1947 | ||||
| - | Islamic Republic | 23 March 1956 | ||||
| Area | ||||||
| - | Total | 796,095 km2 (36th) 307,374 sq mi |
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| - | Water (%) | 3.1 | ||||
| Population | ||||||
| - | September 2011 estimate | 177,163,231[2] (6th) | ||||
| - | 1998 census | 132,352,279[3] | ||||
| - | Density | 214.3/km2 (55th) 555/sq mi |
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| GDP (PPP) | 2011 estimate | |||||
| - | Total | $482.913 billion[4] | ||||
| - | Per capita | $2,851[4] | ||||
| GDP (nominal) | 2011 estimate | |||||
| - | Total | $202.831 billion[4] | ||||
| - | Per capita | $1,197[4] | ||||
| Gini (2005) | 31.2 (medium) | |||||
| HDI (2011) | ▲ 0.504[5] (low) (145th) | |||||
| Currency | Pakistani Rupee (Rs.) (PKR) |
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| Time zone | PST (UTC+5) | |||||
| - | Summer (DST) | PDT (UTC+6) | ||||
| Drives on the | left[6] | |||||
| Internet TLD | .pk | |||||
| Calling code | 92 | |||||
Pakistan is a country of southern Asia, and forms part of the countries in South-central Asia, next to the Republic of India, Iran, Afghanistan, and China. It is officially called the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. It has a long coastline along the Arabian Sea in the south. Pakistan has the sixth largest population in the world and is the second largest Muslim country after Indonesia. Pakistan has a total land area of 880,940 km2 (340,130 sq mi) (including the Pakistani-administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit Baltistan). This makes Pakistan the 34th largest country in the world. Pakistan has the seventh largest army in the world.
The name Pākistān (IPA:/pɑːkɪsðɑːn/) means Land of the Pure in Urdu and Persian.
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[change] Etymology
The name Pakistan means Land of (the) Pure in Urdu and Persian. It was coined in 1933 as Pakstan by Choudhary Rahmat Ali, a Pakistan movement activist, who published it in his pamphlet Now or Never.[7] The name is an acronym representing the "thirty million Muslim brethren who live in PAKSTAN—by which we mean the five Northern units of India viz: Punjab, (Afghan Province), Kashmir, Sind, and Baluchistan".[8] The letter 'i' was later added to ease pronunciation.
[change] Government
Pakistan is made up of four provinces, two territories and two special areas. Both special areas are in Kashmir. The provinces and territories were divided into 26 divisions with now 147 districts directly divided from the provinces. Each district is divided into several tehsils and each tehsil is divided into several union councils. There are around 596 tehsils and over 6,000 union councils of Pakistan.
Provinces:
Balochistan
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (formerly NWFP)
Punjab[9]
Sindh
Among the four provinces, Punjab has the most people but Balochistan is the largest province by area. (Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa also have Provincially Administered Tribal Areas[10] (PATA) which are going to be regular districts.)
Territories:
Administrative Areas (Pakistan-administered Kashmir)
India, Pakistan and China separately control parts of the Kashmir region. India and Pakistan's parts are divided by a Line of Control. The Pakistan–China border is internationally known. Trade is common between the 2 countries.[11]
[change] Economy
Pakistan has a semi-industrialized economy.[12][13] The growth poles of the Pakistani economy are situated along the Indus River.[13][14] Diversified economies of Karachi and Punjab's urban centres, coexist with lesser developed areas in other parts of the country.[13] Despite being a very poor country in 1947, Pakistan's economic growth rate has been better than the global average during the subsequent four decades, but imprudent policies led to a slowdown in the late 1990s.[15]
Recently, wide-ranging economic reforms have resulted in a stronger economic outlook and accelerated growth especially in the manufacturing and financial services sectors.[15] Since the 1990s, there has been great improvement in the foreign exchange market position and rapid growth in hard currency reserves.[15]
The 2005 estimate of foreign debt was close to US$40 billion. However, this has decreased in recent years with assistance from the International Monetary Fund and significant debt-relief from the United States. Pakistan's gross domestic product, as measured by purchasing power parity, is estimated to be $475.4 billion[16] while its per capita income stands at $2,942.[16] The poverty rate in Pakistan is estimated to be between 23%[17] and 28%.[18]
[change] History
Pakistan became independent in 1947 from the Indian empire of British Raj. The first people in ancient Pakistan lived 9000 years ago. These people were the ones who made up the Indus Valley Civilization,[19] which is one of the oldest civilizations on Earth. After that, the Vedic period came. This also included parts of north-western India. Until 1971, Pakistan also included an area in the North-east India region. This is now called Bangladesh. It lost that area after a war with Indian Army and the joint militant group of Indo-Bangladeshi alliance of Mitro Bahini of West Bengal. During recent times Pakistan has been in the centre of world politics. This is firstly because of its support to guerillas in Afghanistan, following Soviet invasion 1979, and later during the1990s because of its cooperation with and support for the Taliban regime in Afghanistan. However, since 2000 Pakistan has basically supported the West in their war against fundamentalist terrorism, including the removal of the Taliban regime in Afghanistan.
Pakistan is a member of the Commonwealth. However, after the war in East Pakistan the country was excluded (between 1972-1989). It was also a member between 1999 and 2004. However, it is currently excluded from the Commonwealth (since November 2007).
[change] Geography and climate
There are many earthquakes in the area. The earthquake in 2005 with its earthquake center in Kashmir is the strongest so far. Over 100,000 people were killed or wounded on October 8, 2005.
Pakistan covers 880,940 km2 (340,130 sq mi),[20] approximately equalling the combined land areas of France and the United Kingdom. Its eastern regions are located on the Indian plate and the western and northern regions on the Iranian plateau and Eurasian landplate. Apart from the 1,046 km (650 mi) Arabian Sea coastline, Pakistan's land borders total 6,774 km (4,209 mi) — 2,430 km (1,510 mi) with Afghanistan to the northwest, 523 km (325 mi) with China to the northeast, 2,912 km (1,809 mi) with India to the south and east, and 909 km (565 mi) with Iran to the southwest.[21]
The northern and western highlands of Pakistan contain the towering Karakoram and Pamir mountain ranges, which incorporate some of the world's highest peaks, including K2 (8,611 m (28,251 ft)) and Nanga Parbat (8,126 m (26,660 ft)). The Balochistan Plateau lies to the west, and the Thar Desert and an expanse of alluvial plains, the Punjab and Sindh, lie to the east. The 1,609 km (1,000 mi) Indus River and its tributaries flow through the country from the disputed territory of Kashmir to the Arabian Sea.[22]
Pakistan has four seasons: a cool, dry winter from December through February; a hot, dry spring from March through May; the summer rainy season, or southwest monsoon period, from June through September; and the retreating monsoon period of October and November. The onset and duration of these seasons vary somewhat according to location.[23] Rainfall can vary radically from year to year, and successive patterns of flooding and drought are also not uncommon.[24]
[change] Government and politics
The 'Government of Pakistan' (حکومتِ پاکستان) is a federal parliamentary system,[25] with an indirectly-elected President as the Head of state and Commander in Chief of the Joint Armed Forces, and an indirectly-elected Prime Minister as the Head of Government. The President’s appointment and term are constitutionally independent of the Prime Minister’s term. The Electoral College (composed of the Senate, the National Assembly, and the four Provincial Assemblies) chooses a leadership reprsenting the President of Pakistan for a five-year term. The Prime Minister is usually the leader of the largest party in the National Assembly and is assisted by a cabinet of ministers drawn from both chambers of the federal legislature. The current Prime Minister is Yousaf Raza Gillani of the Pakistan Peoples Party, who took office on March 25, 2008.
[change] Politics
Pakistan is officially a federal republic, but during a long period in its history it changed to a democratic state and a military dictatorship. Military dictators include Ayub Khan in the 1960s, General Zia-ul-Haq in the 1980s.
Pakistan's two largest political parties are the Pakistan Peoples Party and the government party Muslim League (Pakistan)(Q) (which have military support). On the 27th December 2007 the leader of the Pakistan People's Party, Benazir Bhutto, was assassinated. The reasoning is yet to be determined.
[change] National symbols of Pakistan
[change] Tourism
Pakistan has many high mountain peaks. People from all the world come to climb in those mountains. The most famous mountain peak is K2, which is the second highest mountain peak in the world.
[change] Demography
97% of the people are Muslim. Most of the Muslims in Pakistan are Sunni Muslims (>67%) and Shia Muslims (30%). However a few minority groups exist. Pakistan also has some Christian, Hindu and animist minority groups in the northern parts of the country. When Pakistan was made, it had 2 wings (sections), West Pakistan and East Pakistan. The East wing started a rebellion and wanted independence, so they started a civil war against the West wing with the help of India. They got their wish in 1971. Even after the independence of Bangladesh, a large Bengali population still lives in Karachi.
[change] Languages
English is the official language.[21] Most people can speak Urdu, but only about 8 percent of the population speak Urdu as their first language. Many people also speak Saraiki,Punjabi, Pushto, Sindhi and Balochi.
[change] Religion
[change] Ancient religion in Pakistan
| Religion in Pakistan | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Religion | Percent | |||
| Islam in Pakistan | 97% | |||
| Hinduism | 1.85% | |||
| Christianity | 1.6% | |||
| Sikhism in Pakistan | 0.4% | |||
| Others | 0.51% | |||
After the separation from British India, Hinduism had much less importance in the newly created state of Pakistan, but has played an important role in its culture and politics as well as the history of its regions. In fact, Pakistan has the 5th largest population of Hindus, after Sri Lanka. The term Hindu is etymologically derived from the Sindhu (Indus River) of Pakistan. The Sindhu is one of the holy rivers of Hinduism. Thus, in many ways, the land which is today's heavily Muslim Pakistan has played an important part in the origin of Hinduism. There are approximately 3 million Hindus living in Pakistan.
[change] Sports
The national sport of Pakistan is field hockey, although cricket is the most popular game across the country.[26] The national cricket team has won the Cricket World Cup once (in 1992), were runners-up once (in 1999), and co-hosted the games twice (in 1987 and 1996). Pakistan were runners-up in the inaugural 2007 ICC World Twenty20 held in South Africa and were the champions at the 2009 ICC World Twenty20 held in England. Lately however, Pakistani cricket has suffered heavily due to teams refusing to tour Pakistan because of terrorism fears. No teams have toured Pakistan since March 2009, when militants attacked the touring Sri Lankan cricket players.[27]
[change] References
- ↑ "Population by Mother Tongue". Population Census Organization of Pakistan. http://www.statpak.gov.pk/depts/pco/statistics/other_tables/pop_by_mother_tongue.pdf. Retrieved 22 September 2010.
- ↑ "Official Pakistani Population clock". Population Census Office. http://www.census.gov.pk/. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
- ↑ "Area, Population, Density and Urban/Rural Proportion by Administrative Units". Population Census Organization, Government of Pakistan. http://www.statpak.gov.pk/depts/pco/statistics/area_pop/area_pop.html. Retrieved 13 February 2008.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 "Pakistan". International Monetary Fund. http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2008&ey=2011&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=564&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=52&pr.y=8. Retrieved 21 April 2011.
- ↑ "Human Development Report 2011. Human development index trends: Table 1" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Complete.pdf. Retrieved 12 November 2011.
- ↑ Loureiro, Miguel (28 July 2005). "Driving—the good, the bad and the ugly". Daily Times (Pakistan). http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_28-7-2005_pg3_5. Retrieved 10 January 2010.
- ↑ Choudhary Rahmat Ali (28 January 1933). "Now or never: Are we to live or perish for ever?". Columbia University. http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00islamlinks/txt_rahmatali_1933.html. Retrieved 4 December 2007.
- ↑ Ali, Rahmat. "Rahmat Ali ::Now or Never". The Pakistan National Movement. pp. [Unknown]. http://www.chaudhryrahmatali.com/now%20or%20never/index.htm. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
- ↑ Not to be confused with the Indian state of Punjab. Both together make up the Punjab region.
- ↑ "The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan: Part XII". National Reconstruction Bureau, Government of Pakistan. http://www.nrb.gov.pk/constitutional_and_legal/constitution/part12.ch3.html. Retrieved 2008-02-14.
- ↑ http://www.commerce.gov.pk/PCFTA.asp
- ↑ "Agricultural Economics : An analysis of industrial–agricultural interactions: a case study in Pakistan". ScienceDirect. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T3V-3Y21V48-F&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=2d4b7d3ce3b0b4005140c271bb7312a7. Retrieved 2 January 2010.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 "World Bank Document" (PDF). http://siteresources.worldbank.org/PAKISTANEXTN/Resources/293051-1241610364594/6097548-1257441952102/balochistaneconomicreportvol2.pdf. Retrieved 2 January 2010.
- ↑ "Pakistan". Gecon.yale.edu. http://gecon.yale.edu/Pakistan.htm. Retrieved 2 January 2010.[dead link]
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 "Economy". Pakistan Trade Development Authority. http://www.epb.gov.pk/v1/travelguide/. Retrieved 8 March 2009.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects (PPP)". International Monetary Fund. http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2007/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2007&ey=2007&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=564&s=PPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=&pr.x=59&pr.y=1. Retrieved 8 October 2007.
- ↑ "WB, UNDP question poverty estimates". Dawn. Pakistan Group of Newspapers. 20 June 2006. http://www.dawn.com/2006/06/20/top1.htm. Retrieved 12 February 2008.
- ↑ "Pakistan: People". The World Factbook. CIA. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pk.html#People. Retrieved 12 February 2008.
- ↑ "Introduction to the Ancient Indus Valley". Harappa. 1996. http://www.harappa.com/indus/indus1.html. Retrieved 2007-06-18.
- ↑ [1] URL accessed on 03 November 2006.
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 "Pakistan". World Factbook. CIA. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pk.html. Retrieved 2008-02-13.
- ↑ InfoPlease. "Pakistan". http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107861.html. Retrieved 2009-03-16.
- ↑ U.S. Library of Congress. "Climate". http://countrystudies.us/pakistan/25.htm. Retrieved 2009-03-16.
- ↑ "Pakistna Climate". Encyclopedia of the Nations. 2008-03-28. http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Asia-and-Oceania/Pakistan-CLIMATE.html. Retrieved 2009-03-16.
- ↑ "About Government". Government of Pakistan. http://202.83.164.26/wps/portal/!ut/p/c1/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os_hQN68AZ3dnIwN3C3MDAyOPYDNvXwMjQwNnI6B8pFm8n79RqJuJp6GhhZmroYGRmYeJk0-Yp4G7izEB3eEg-_DrB8kb4ACOBvp-Hvm5qfoFuREGWSaOigDeD0uL/dl2/d1/L2dJQSEvUUt3QS9ZQnB3LzZfVUZKUENHQzIwT0gwODAySFMyNzZWMzEwMDE!/. Retrieved 2009-03-05.
- ↑ Khan, Saad (15 March 2010). "The Death of Sports in Pakistan". The Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/saad-khan/the-death-of-sports-in-pa_b_498758.html. Retrieved 8 July 2010.
- ↑ Pakistan cricket future in doubt – BBC, 13:00 GMT, Wednesday, 4 March 2009
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