User:MeritedElm63160/Help:IPA
Here is a basic key to the symbols of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). Several rare IPA symbols are not included. These IPA symbols are found in the main IPA article.
Contents: | Top – 0-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z |
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Main symbols[change | change source]
Symbol | Examples |
---|---|
^ top A
| |
[a] (listen) | German Mann, French gare |
[ä] (listen) | Mandarin 他 tā, American English father, Spanish casa, French patte |
[ɐ] (listen) | RP cut, German Kaiserslautern |
[ɑ] (listen) | RP father, French pâte, Dutch bad |
[ɑ̃] (listen) | French Caen, sans, temps |
[ɒ] (listen) | RP cot |
[ʌ] (listen) | American English cut |
[æ] (listen) | RP cat |
^ top B
| |
[b] (listen) | English babble |
[ɓ] (listen) | Swahili bwana |
[β] (listen) | Spanish la Bamba, Kinyarwanda abana "children", Korean 무궁화 [muɡuŋβwa̠] mugunghwa |
[ʙ] (listen) | Nias simbi [siʙi] "lower jaw" |
^ top C
| |
[c] (listen) | Turkish kebap "kebab", Czech stín "shadow", Greek και "and" |
[ç] (listen) | German Ich |
[ɕ] (listen) | Mandarin 西安 Xi'an, Polish ściana |
[ɔ] (listen) | see under O |
^ top D
| |
[d] (listen) | English dad |
[ɗ] (listen) | Swahili Dodoma |
[ɖ] (listen) | American English harder |
[ð] (listen) | English the, bathe |
[dz] (listen) | English adds, Italian zero |
[dʒ] (listen) | English judge |
[dʑ] (listen) | Polish niedźwiedź "bear" |
[dʐ] (listen) | Polish dżem "jam" |
^ top E
| |
[e] (listen) | Spanish fe; French clé, German Klee |
[ɘ] (listen) | Australian English bird |
[ə] (listen) | English above, Hindi ठग [ʈʰəɡ] (thug) "thief" |
[ɚ] (listen) | American English runner |
[ɛ] (listen) | English bet |
[ɛ̃] (listen) | French Saint-Étienne, vin, main |
[ɜ] (listen) | RP bird (long) |
[ɝ] (listen) | American English bird |
^ top F
| |
[f] (listen) | English fun |
[ɟ] (listen) | see under J |
[ʄ] (listen) | see under J |
^ top G
| |
[ɡ] (listen) | English gag |
[ɠ] (listen) | Swahili Uganda |
[ɢ] (listen) | |
[ʒ] (listen) | see under Z |
^ top H
| |
[h] (listen) | American English house |
[ɦ] (listen) | English ahead, when said quickly. |
[ʰ] | |
[ħ] (listen) | Arabic مُحَمَّد Muhammad |
[ɥ] (listen) | see under Y |
[ɮ] (listen) | see under L |
^ top I
| |
[i] (listen) | English sea, French ville, Spanish Valladolid |
[ɪ] (listen) | English sit |
[ɨ] (listen) | Russian ты "you" |
^ top J
| |
[j] (listen) | English yes, hallelujah, German Junge |
[ʲ] | In Russian Ленин [ˈlʲenʲɪn] |
[ʝ] (listen) | Spanish cayo (some dialects) |
[ɟ] (listen) | Turkish gör "see", Czech díra "hole" |
[ʄ] (listen) | Swahili jambo |
^ top K
| |
[k] (listen) | English kick, skip |
^ top L
| |
[l] (listen) | English leaf |
[ɫ] (listen) | English wool Russian малый [ˈmɑɫɨj] "small" |
[ɬ] (listen) | Welsh llwyd [ɬʊɪd] "grey" Zulu hlala [ɬaːla] "sit" |
[ɭ] (listen) | |
[ɺ] (listen) | |
[ɮ] (listen) | Zulu dla "eat" |
[ʟ] (listen) | |
^ top M
| |
[m] (listen) | English mime |
[ɱ] (listen) | English symphony |
[ɯ] (listen) | see under W |
[ʍ] (listen) | see under W |
^ top N
| |
[n] (listen) | English nun |
[ŋ] (listen) | English sing, Māori nga |
[ɲ] (listen) | Spanish Peña, French champagne |
[ɳ] (listen) | Hindi वरुण [ʋəruɳ] Varuna |
[ɴ] (listen) | Castilian Spanish Don Juan [doɴˈχwan] |
^ top O
| |
[o] (listen) | Spanish no, French eau, German Boden |
[ɔ] (listen) | German Oldenburg, French Garonne |
[ɔ̃] (listen) | French Lyon, son |
[ø] (listen) | French feu, bœufs, German Goethe |
[ɵ] (listen) | Dutch hut, French je, Swedish dum |
[œ] (listen) | French bœuf, seul, German Göttingen |
[œ̃] (listen) | French brun, parfum |
[ɶ] (listen) | |
[θ] (listen) | see under Others |
[ɸ] (listen) | see under Others |
^ top P
| |
[p] (listen) | English pip |
^ top Q
| |
[q] (listen) | Arabic قُرْآن Qur’ān |
^ top R
| |
[r] (listen) | Spanish perro, Scots borrow |
[ɾ] (listen) | Spanish pero, Tagalog daliri, Malay kabar, American English kitty/kiddie |
[ʀ] (listen) | Dutch rood and German rot (some speakers) |
[ɽ] (listen) | Hindi साड़ी [sɑːɽiː] "sari" |
[ɹ] (listen) | RP borrow |
[ɻ] (listen) | Mandarin 人民日报 Rénmín Rìbào "People's Daily", American English borrow, butter |
[ʁ] (listen) | French Paris, German Riemann (some dialects) |
^ top S
| |
[s] (listen) | English sass |
[ʃ] (listen) | English shoe |
[ʂ] (listen) | Mandarin 少林 (Shàolín), Russian Пушкин (Pushkin) |
^ top T
| |
[t] (listen) | English tot, stop |
[ʈ] (listen) | Hindi ठग [ʈʰəɡ] (thug) "thief" |
[ts] (listen) | English cats, Russian царь tsar |
[tʃ] (listen) | English church |
[tɕ] (listen) | Mandarin 北京 Běijīng (listen (help·info)), Polish ciebie "you" |
[tʂ] (listen) | Mandarin 真正 zhēnzhèng, Polish czas |
^ top U
| |
[u] (listen) | American English food, French vous "you", German Schumacher |
[ʊ] (listen) | English foot, German Bundesrepublik |
[ʉ] (listen) | Australian English food (long) |
[ɥ] (listen) | see under Y |
[ɯ] (listen) | see under W |
^ top V
| |
[v] (listen) | English verve |
[ʋ] (listen) | Hindi वरुण [ʋəruɳə] "Varuna" |
[ɤ] (listen) | see under Y |
[ɣ] (listen) | see under Y |
[ʌ] (listen) | see under A |
^ top W
| |
[w] (listen) | English wow |
[ʷ] | |
[ʍ] (listen) | what (some dialects) |
[ɯ] (listen) | Turkish kayık "caïque", Scottish Gaelic gaol |
[ɰ] (listen) | Spanish agua |
^ top X
| |
[x] (listen) | Scottish English loch, German Bach, Russian хороший [xɐˈroʂɨj] "good", Spanish joven |
[χ] (listen) | northern Standard Dutch Scheveningen, Castilian Spanish Don Juan [doɴˈχwan] |
^ top Y
| |
[y] (listen) | French rue, German Bülow |
[ʏ] (listen) | German Düsseldorf |
[ɣ] (listen) | Arabic غَالِي ghālī and Swahili ghali "expensive", Spanish suegro |
[ɤ] (listen) | Mandarin 河南 Hénán, Scottish Gaelic taigh |
[ʎ] (listen) | Italian tagliatelle |
[ɥ] (listen) | French lui |
^ top Z
| |
[z] (listen) | English zoo |
[ʒ] (listen) | English vision, French journal |
[ʑ] (listen) | old-styled Russian позже [ˈpoʑːe] "later", Polish źle |
[ʐ] (listen) | Russian жир "fat" |
[ɮ] (listen) | see under L |
^ top Others
| |
[θ] (listen) | English thigh, bath |
[ɸ] (listen) | Japanese 富士 [ɸɯdʑi] Fuji, Māori [ˌɸaːɾeːˈnuiː] wharenui |
[ʔ] (listen) | English uh-oh, Hawai‘i, German die Angst |
[ʕ] (listen) | Arabic عَرَبِيّ ʻarabī "Arabic" |
[ǀ] (listen) | English tsk-tsk! or tut-tut!, Zulu icici "earring" |
[ǁ] (listen) | English tchick! tchick!, Zulu ixoxo "frog" |
[ǃ] (listen) | Zulu iqaqa "polecat" |
[ʘ] (listen) | ǂ’Amkoe ʘoa "two" |
[ǂ] (listen) | Khoekhoe ǂgā-amǃnâ [ǂàʔám̀ᵑǃã̀] "to put in the mouth" |
Marks added to letters[change | change source]
Several marks can be added above, below, before or after letters. The complete list is shown at International Phonetic Alphabet § Diacritics and prosodic notation.
Symbol | Example |
---|---|
Signs above a letter | |
[ã] | French vin blanc [vɛ̃ blɑ̃] "white wine" |
[ä] | Portuguese vá [vä] "go" |
Signs below a letter | |
[a̯] | English cow [kʰaʊ̯], koi [kʰɔɪ̯] |
[n̥] | English boy [b̥ɔɪ̯], doe [d̥oʊ̯]
(see also) |
[n̩] | English button |
[d̪] | Spanish dos, French deux |
Signs next to a letter | |
[kʰ] | English come |
[k’] | Zulu ukuza "come" |
[aː] | English shh! [ʃː] |
[aˑ] | RP caught [ˈkʰɔˑt] |
[ˈa] | pronunciation [pɹ̥əʊ̯ˌnɐnsiˈeɪʃn̩] |
[ˌa] | |
[.] | English courtship [ˈkʰɔrt.ʃɪp] |
Computer input using on-screen keyboard[change | change source]
Online IPA keyboard utilities are available.
For iOS there are free IPA keyboard layouts, e.g. IPA Phonetic Keyboard.
Related pages[change | change source]
Other websites[change | change source]
- Official interactive IPA chart with letter descriptions, audio, and input assist
- IPA pronunciation chart with audio
- MRI videos of production of the sounds of the IPA charts
- Ultrasound and MRI videos of production of the sounds of the IPA charts
- Getting JAWS 6.1 to recognize "exotic" Unicode symbols – for help on getting the screen reader JAWS to read IPA symbols
- IPA Reader – web-based IPA synthesizer using Amazon Polly
- Wikipedia IPA Speaker – Chrome extension