Voiced palatal fricative
| Voiced palatal fricative | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ʝ | |||
| Audio sample | |||
| Encoding | |||
| X-SAMPA | j\ | ||
| |||
The voiced palatal fricative is a sound used in some spoken languages. The IPA transcription for this sound is ⟨ʝ⟩, name as J with crossed tail. It is not in English. It is very similar to the /j/ sound, as in the word yes.
Characteristics
[change | change source]- The phonation is voiced. This means that the vocal cords vibrate while the sound is being pronounced.
- The place of articulation (where the sound is produced) is palatal. This means that this sound is produced with the middle or back part of the tongue raised to the hard palate.
- The manner of articulation (how the sound is produced) is fricative. This means that this sound is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, to make turbulence.
Examples
[change | change source]| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asturian | frayar | [fɾäˈʝär] | 'to destroy' | ||
| Burmese | [example needed] | Allophone of /j/, particularly word initially. | |||
| Catalan | Majorcan[1] | figuera | [fiˈʝeɾə] | 'fig tree' | Occurs in complementary distribution with [ɟ]. Corresponds to [ɣ] in other varieties. See Catalan phonology |
| Danish | Standard[2] | talg | [ˈtʰælˀʝ] | 'tallow' | Possible word-final allophone of /j/ when it occurs after /l/.[2] See Danish phonology |
| Dutch | Standard[3] | ja | [ʝaː] | 'yes' | Frequent allophone of /j/, especially in emphatic speech.[3] See Dutch phonology |
| German | Standard[4][5] | Jacke | [ˈʝäkə] | 'jacket' | Most often transcribed in IPA with ⟨j⟩; also described as an approximant [j][6][7] and a sound variable between a fricative and an approximant.[8] See Standard German phonology |
| Greek | Standard | γεια | [ʝɐ] | 'hi' | |
| Cypriot[9] | ελιά | [e̞ˈʝːɐ] | 'olive' | Allophone of /ʎ/ | |
| Hungarian[10] | dobj be | [dobʝ bɛ] | 'throw in' | An allophone of /j/. See Hungarian phonology | |
| Irish[11] | an ghrian | [ənʲ ˈʝɾʲiən̪ˠ] | 'the sun' | See Irish phonology | |
| Italian | Southern dialects | figlio | [ˈfiʝːo] | 'son' | Corresponds to /ʎ/ in standard Italian. See Italian phonology |
| Kabyle | cceǥ | [ʃʃəʝ] | 'to slip' | ||
| Korean | 사향노루 / sahyangnoru | [sɐʝɐŋnoɾu] | 'Siberian musk deer' | The sound is sometimes heard by people when /h/ is between voiced and combined with /i/, /t/ and /j/, See Korean phonology | |
| Lithuanian[12][13] | ji | [ʝɪ] | 'she' | Most often transcribed in IPA with ⟨j⟩; also described as an approximant [j].[14] See Lithuanian phonology | |
| Margi[15] | [example needed] | Contrasts /ɟ, ᶮɟ, ç, ʝ, j, j̰, ɣ/. | |||
| Mapudungun[16] | kayu | [kɜˈʝʊ] | 'six' | This phoneme corresponds to the letter Y in Mapudungün. See Mapuche language | |
| Norwegian | Urban East[17][18] | gi | [ʝiː] | 'to give' | Allophone of /j/, especially before and after close vowels and in energetic speech.[18] See Norwegian phonology |
| Pashto | Ghilji dialect[19] | موږ | [muʝ] | 'we' | |
| Wardak dialect[19] | |||||
| Ripuarian | zeije | [ˈt͡sɛʝə] | 'to show' | ||
| Russian[20] | яма | [ˈʝämə] | 'pit' | Allophone of /j/ in emphatic speech.[20] See Russian phonology | |
| Scottish Gaelic[21] | dhiubh | [ʝu] | 'of them' | Weak fricative; merges with [j] in some dialects. See Scottish Gaelic phonology | |
| Spanish[22] | sayo | [ˈsäʝo̞] | 'smock' | May also be represented by ⟨ll⟩ in many dialects. See Spanish phonology and Yeísmo | |
| Swedish[23] | jord | ⓘ | 'soil' | Allophone of /j/. See Swedish phonology | |
| Vietnamese | Middle Vietnamese[24] | Gió [𩙋] | [ʝɔB1] (Tonkinese dialect) | 'wind' | See Middle Vietnamese phonology |
References
[change | change source]- ↑ Wheeler (2005:22–23)
- 1 2 Basbøll (2005:212)
- 1 2 Collins & Mees (2003:198)
- ↑ Mangold (2005:51)
- ↑ Krech et al. (2009:83)
- ↑ Kohler (1999:86)
- ↑ Moosmüller, Schmid & Brandstätter (2015:340)
- ↑ Hall (2003:48)
- ↑ Arvaniti (2010:116–117)
- ↑ Gósy (2004:77, 130)
- ↑ Ó Sé (2000:17)
- ↑ Augustaitis (1964:23)
- ↑ Ambrazas et al. (1997:46–47)
- ↑ Mathiassen (1996:22–23)
- ↑ Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. p. 165. ISBN 978-0-631-19815-4.
- ↑ Sadowsky et al. (2013:91)
- ↑ Strandskogen (1979:33)
- 1 2 Vanvik (1979:41)
- 1 2 Henderson (1983:595)
- 1 2 Yanushevskaya & Bunčić (2015:223)
- ↑ Oftedal (1956:113–114)
- ↑ Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003:255)
- ↑ Engstrand (1999:140)
- ↑ See Vietnamese alphabet#Consonants ⟨gi⟩
