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IPA	International Phonetic Association · History of the IPA · Kiel convention (1989) · Journal of the IPA (JIPA) · Naming conventions
Phonetics	Diacritics · Segments · Tone letter · Place of articulation · Manner of articulation
Special topics	Extensions to the IPA · Obsolete and nonstandard symbols · IPA chart for English dialects
Encodings	SAMPA · X-SAMPA · Conlang X-SAMPA · Kirshenbaum · TIPA · Phonetic symbols in Unicode · WorldBet


v t e IPA pulmonic consonants chartchart image • audio
Where the sound is made →	Labial (Lips)				Coronal (Tip of Tongue)								Dorsal (Middle of Tongue)						Radical (Base of Tongue)				Glottal (Throat)
↓ How the sound is made	Bilabial (Both Lips)		Labiodental (Lips and Teeth)		Dental (Teeth)		Alveolar (Against Ridge behind Teeth)		Postalv. (Back of Ridge behind Teeth)		Retroflex (Roof of Mouth)		Palatal (Roof of Mouth)		Velar (Back Roof of Mouth)		Uvular (Uvula)		Pharyngeal (Pharynx)		Epiglottal {Epiglottis}		Glottal (Glottis)
Nasal		m		ɱ		n̪		n				ɳ		ɲ		ŋ		ɴ
Plosive	p	b	p̪	b̪	t̪	d̪	t	d			ʈ	ɖ	c	ɟ	k	ɡ	q	ɢ			ʡ		ʔ
Fricative	ɸ	β	f	v	θ	ð	s	z	ʃ	ʒ	ʂ	ʐ	ç	ʝ	x	ɣ	χ	ʁ	ħ	ʕ	ʜ	ʢ	h	ɦ
Approximant				ʋ				ɹ				ɻ		j		ɰ
Trill		ʙ						r				• *						ʀ				я *
Flap or tap		ⱱ̟		ⱱ				ɾ				ɽ						ɢ̆				ʡ̯
Lateral Fric.							ɬ	ɮ			ɭ˔̊		ʎ̥˔		ʟ̝̊
Lateral Appr.								l				ɭ		ʎ		ʟ
Lateral flap								ɺ				ɺ̢ *		ʎ̯