List of secretaries of state of the United States
This is a list of people who served as the United States secretary of state.
List of secretaries of state
[change | change source]N° | Secretary | Party | Vote[a] | Term of office | State | President(s) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Portrait | Name | Took office | Left office | Term | |||||||
– | John Jay
(1745–1829) |
Federalist | – | September 15, 1789 | March 22, 1790 | 188 days | New York | George Washington | |||
1 | Thomas Jefferson
(1743–1826) [2] |
Democratic- | – | March 22, 1790 | December 31, 1793 | 3 years, 284 days | Virginia | ||||
2 | Edmund Randolph
(1753–1813) [3] |
Federalist | – | January 2, 1794 | August 20, 1795 | 1 year, 232 days | Virginia | ||||
3 | Timothy Pickering
(1745–1829) [4] |
Federalist | – | August 20, 1795 | December 10, 1795[b] | 4 years, 265 days | Pennsylvania | ||||
December 10, 1795 | May 12, 1800 | ||||||||||
John Adams | |||||||||||
– | Charles Lee | Federalist | – | May 13, 1800 | June 5, 1800 | 23 days | Virginia | ||||
4 | John Marshall
(1755–1835) [6] |
Federalist | – | June 13, 1800 | February 4, 1801 | 264 days | Virginia | ||||
February 4, 1801 | March 4, 1801[d] | ||||||||||
– | Levi Lincoln Sr. | Democratic-
Republican |
– | March 5, 1801 | May 1, 1801 | 57 days | Massachusetts | Thomas Jefferson | |||
5 | James Madison
(1751–1836) [8] |
Democratic-
Republican |
– | May 2, 1801 | March 3, 1809 | 7 years, 305 days | Virginia | ||||
6 | Robert Smith
(1757–1842) [9] |
Democratic-
Republican |
– | March 6, 1809 | April 1, 1811 | 2 years, 26 days | Maryland | James Madison | |||
7 | James Monroe
(1758–1831) [10] |
Democratic-
Republican |
30–0 | April 2, 1811 | September 30, 1814 | 5 years, 335 days | Virginia | ||||
October 1, 1814 | February 28, 1815[b] | ||||||||||
February 28, 1815 | March 3, 1817 | ||||||||||
– | John Graham | Democratic-
Republican |
– | March 4, 1817 | March 9, 1817 | 5 days | Kentucky | James Monroe | |||
– | Richard Rush | Federalist | – | March 10, 1817 | September 22, 1817 | 196 days | Pennsylvania | ||||
8 | John Quincy Adams
(1767–1848) [13] |
Democratic-
Republican |
29–1 | September 22, 1817 | March 3, 1825 | 7 years, 162 days | Massachusetts | ||||
– | Daniel Brent | Democratic-
Republican |
– | March 4, 1825 | March 7, 1825 | 3 days | Virginia | John Quincy | |||
9 | Henry Clay
(1777–1852) [15] |
Democratic-
Republican |
27–14 | March 7, 1825 | March 3, 1829 | 3 years, 361 days | Kentucky | ||||
National | |||||||||||
– | James Alexander | Democratic | – | March 4, 1829 | March 27, 1829 | 23 days | New York | Andrew Jackson | |||
10 | Martin Van Buren
(1782–1862) [17] |
Democratic | 25–7 | March 28, 1829 | May 23, 1831 | 2 years, 56 days | New York | ||||
11 | Edward Livingston
(1764–1836) [18] |
Democratic | – | May 24, 1831 | May 29, 1833 | 2 years, 5 days | Louisiana | ||||
12 | Louis McLane
(1786–1857) [19] |
Democratic | [f] | May 29, 1833 | June 30, 1834 | 1 year, 32 days | Delaware | ||||
13 | John Forsyth
(1780–1841) [20] |
Democratic | – | July 1, 1834 | March 3, 1841 | 6 years, 245 days | Georgia | ||||
Martin Van Buren | |||||||||||
– | Jacob L. Martin | – | – | March 4, 1841 | March 5, 1841 | 1 day | District of | William Henry | |||
14 | Daniel Webster
(1782–1852) [22] |
Whig | – | March 6, 1841 | May 8, 1843 | 2 years, 63 days | Massachusetts | ||||
John Tyler | |||||||||||
– | Hugh S. Legaré | Democratic | – | May 9, 1843 | June 20, 1843 | 42 days | South Carolina | ||||
– | William S. Derrick | – | – | June 21, 1843 | June 23, 1843 | 2 days | Pennsylvania | ||||
15 | Abel P. Upshur
(1791–1844) [25] |
Whig | – | June 24, 1843 | July 23, 1843[g] | 220 days | Virginia | ||||
July 24, 1843 | February 28, 1844 | ||||||||||
– | John Nelson | Whig | – | February 29, 1844 | March 31, 1844 | 31 days | Maryland | ||||
16 | John C. Calhoun
(1782–1850) [27] |
Democratic | – | April 1, 1844 | March 10, 1845[h] | 343 days | South Carolina | ||||
17 | James Buchanan
(1791–1868) [28] |
Democratic | – | March 10, 1845 | March 7, 1849[h] | 3 years, 362 days | Pennsylvania | James K. Polk | |||
18 | John M. Clayton
(1796–1856) [29] |
Whig | – | March 8, 1849 | July 22, 1850 | 1 year, 136 days | Delaware | Zachary Taylor | |||
Millard Fillmore | |||||||||||
19 | Daniel Webster
(1782–1852) [22] |
Whig | – | July 23, 1850 | October 24, 1852 | 2 years, 93 days | Massachusetts | ||||
– | Charles Magill Conrad | Whig | – | October 25, 1852 | November 5, 1852 | 11 days | Louisiana | ||||
20 | Edward Everett
(1794–1865) [31] |
Whig | – | November 6, 1852 | March 3, 1853 | 117 days | Massachusetts | ||||
– | William Hunter | – | – | March 4, 1853 | March 7, 1853 | 3 days | Rhode Island | Franklin Pierce | |||
21 | William L. Marcy
(1786–1857) [33] |
Democratic | – | March 7, 1853 | March 6, 1857[h] | 3 years, 364 days | New York | ||||
22 | Lewis Cass
(1782–1866) [34] |
Democratic | – | March 6, 1857 | December 14, 1860 | 3 years, 283 days | Michigan | James Buchanan | |||
– | William Hunter | – | – | December 15, 1860 | December 16, 1860 | 1 day | Rhode Island | ||||
23 | Jeremiah S. Black
(1810–1883) [35] |
Democratic | – | December 17, 1860 | March 5, 1861[h] | 78 days | New York | ||||
24 | William H. Seward
(1801–1872) [36] |
Republican | – | March 5, 1861 | March 4, 1869 | 7 years, 364 days | New York | Abraham Lincoln | |||
Andrew Johnson | |||||||||||
25 | Elihu B. Washburne
(1816–1887) [37] |
Republican | – | March 5, 1869 | March 16, 1869 | 11 days | Illinois | Ulysses S. Grant | |||
26 | Hamilton Fish
(1808–1893) [38] |
Republican | – | March 17, 1869 | March 12, 1877[h] | 7 years, 360 days | New York | ||||
27 | William M. Evarts
(1818–1901) [39] |
Republican | 44–2 | March 12, 1877 | March 7, 1881[h] | 3 years, 360 days | New York | Rutherford B. | |||
28 | James G. Blaine
(1830–1893) [40] |
Republican | – | March 7, 1881 | December 19, 1881 | 287 days | Maine | James A. | |||
Chester A. | |||||||||||
29 | Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen
(1817–1885) [41] |
Republican | – | December 19, 1881 | March 6, 1885[h] | 3 years, 77 days | New Jersey | ||||
30 | Thomas F. Bayard
(1828–1898) [42] |
Democratic | – | March 7, 1885 | March 6, 1889[h] | 3 years, 364 days | Delaware | Grover Cleveland | |||
31 | James G. Blaine
(1830–1893) [40] |
Republican | – | March 7, 1889 | June 4, 1892 | 3 years, 89 days | Maine | Benjamin Harrison | |||
– | William F. Wharton | Republican | – | June 4, 1892 | June 29, 1892 | 25 days | Massachusetts | ||||
32 | John W. Foster
(1836–1917) [44] |
Republican | – | June 29, 1892 | February 23, 1893 | 239 days | Indiana | ||||
– | William F. Wharton | Republican | – | February 24, 1893 | March 6, 1893 | 10 days | Massachusetts | ||||
Grover Cleveland | |||||||||||
33 | Walter Q. Gresham
(1832–1895) [45] |
Democratic | – | March 7, 1893 | May 28, 1895 | 2 years, 82 days | Illinois | ||||
– | Edwin F. Uhl | Democratic | – | May 28, 1895 | June 9, 1895 | 12 days | Michigan | ||||
34 | Richard Olney
(1835–1917) [47] |
Democratic | – | June 10, 1895 | March 5, 1897[h] | 1 year, 268 days | Massachusetts | ||||
35 | John Sherman
(1823–1900) [48] |
Republican | – | March 6, 1897 | April 27, 1898 | 1 year, 52 days | Ohio | William McKinley | |||
36 | William R. Day
(1849–1923) [49] |
Republican | – | April 28, 1898 | September 16, 1898 | 141 days | Ohio | ||||
– | Alvey A. Adee | Independent | – | September 17, 1898 | September 29, 1898 | 12 days | New York | ||||
37 | John Hay
(1838–1905) [51] |
Republican | – | September 30, 1898 | July 1, 1905 | 6 years, 274 days | District of
Columbia | ||||
Theodore Roosevelt | |||||||||||
– | Francis B. Loomis | Republican | – | July 1, 1905 | July 18, 1905 | 17 days | Ohio | ||||
38 | Elihu Root
(1845–1937) [53] |
Republican | – | July 19, 1905 | January 27, 1909 | 3 years, 192 days | New York | ||||
39 | Robert Bacon
(1860–1919) [54] |
Republican | – | January 27, 1909 | March 5, 1909[h] | 37 days | New York | ||||
40 | Philander C. Knox
(1853–1921) [55] |
Republican | – | March 6, 1909 | March 5, 1913[h] | 3 years, 364 days | Pennsylvania | William Howard Taft | |||
41 | William
Jennings Bryan (1860–1925) [56] |
Democratic | – | March 5, 1913 | June 9, 1915 | 2 years, 96 days | Nebraska | Woodrow Wilson | |||
42 | Robert Lansing
(1864–1928) [57] |
Democratic | – | June 9, 1915 | June 24, 1915[k] | 4 years, 249 days | New York | ||||
June 24, 1915 | February 13, 1920 | ||||||||||
– | Frank Polk | Democratic | – | February 14, 1920 | March 14, 1920 | 29 days | New York | ||||
43 | Bainbridge Colby
(1869–1950) [59] |
Democratic | – | March 23, 1920 | March 4, 1921 | 346 days | New York | ||||
44 | Charles Evans | Republican | – | March 5, 1921 | March 4, 1925 | 3 years, 364 days | New York | Warren G. | |||
Calvin Coolidge | |||||||||||
45 | Frank B. Kellogg
(1856–1937) [61] |
Republican | – | March 5, 1925 | March 28, 1929 | 4 years, 23 days | Minnesota | ||||
Herbert Hoover | |||||||||||
46 | Henry L. Stimson
(1867–1950) [62] |
Republican | – | March 28, 1929 | March 4, 1933 | 3 years, 341 days | New York | ||||
47 | Cordell Hull
(1871–1955) [63] |
Democratic | – | March 4, 1933 | November 30, 1944 | 11 years, 271 days | Tennessee | Franklin D. | |||
48 | Edward Stettinius Jr.
(1900–1949) [64] |
Democratic | 68–1 | December 1, 1944 | June 27, 1945 | 208 days | Virginia | ||||
Harry S. Truman | |||||||||||
– | Joseph Grew | Independent | – | June 28, 1945 | July 3, 1945 | 5 days | New Hampshire | ||||
49 | James F. Byrnes
(1882–1972) [66] |
Democratic | – | July 3, 1945 | January 21, 1947 | 1 year, 202 days | South Carolina | ||||
50 | George C. Marshall
(1880–1959) [67] |
Independent | – | January 21, 1947 | January 20, 1949 | 1 year, 365 days | Pennsylvania | ||||
51 | Dean Acheson
(1893–1971) [68] |
Democratic | 83–6 | January 21, 1949 | January 20, 1953 | 3 years, 365 days | Maryland | ||||
– | H. Freeman | Independent | – | January 20, 1953 | January 21, 1953 | 1 day | Maryland | Dwight D. | |||
52 | John Foster Dulles
(1888–1959) [70] |
Republican | – | January 21, 1953 | April 22, 1959 | 6 years, 91 days | New York | ||||
53 | Christian Herter
(1895–1966) [71] |
Republican | 93–0 | April 22, 1959 | January 20, 1961 | 1 year, 273 days | Massachusetts | ||||
– | Livingston T. | Independent | – | January 20, 1961 | January 21, 1961 | 1 day | District of
Columbia |
John F. | |||
54 | Dean Rusk
(1909–1994) [73] |
Democratic | – | January 21, 1961 | January 20, 1969 | 7 years, 365 days | New York | ||||
Lyndon B. | |||||||||||
– | Charles E. Bohlen | Independent | – | January 20, 1969 | January 22, 1969 | 2 days | District of
Columbia |
Richard Nixon | |||
55 | William P. Rogers
(1913–2001) [75] |
Republican | – | January 22, 1969 | September 3, 1973 | 4 years, 224 days | Maryland | ||||
– | Kenneth Rush | Republican | – | September 3, 1973 | September 22, 1973 | 19 days | Florida | ||||
56 | Henry Kissinger
(1923–2023) [77] |
Republican | 78–7 | September 22, 1973 | January 20, 1977 | 3 years, 120 days | District of
Columbia | ||||
Gerald Ford | |||||||||||
– | Philip Habib | Independent | – | January 20, 1977 | January 23, 1977 | 3 days | California | Jimmy Carter | |||
57 | Cyrus Vance
(1917–2002) [79] |
Democratic | Voice | January 23, 1977 | April 28, 1980 | 3 years, 96 days | New York | ||||
– | Warren Christopher | Democratic | – | April 28, 1980 | May 2, 1980 | 4 days | California | ||||
– | David D. Newsom | Independent | – | May 2, 1980 | May 3, 1980 | 1 day | California | ||||
– | Richard N. Cooper | Independent | – | May 3, 1980 | 0 days | Connecticut | |||||
– | David D. Newsom | Independent | – | May 3, 1980 | May 4, 1980 | 1 day | California | ||||
– | Warren Christopher | Democratic | – | May 4, 1980 | May 8, 1980 | 4 days | California | ||||
58 | Edmund Muskie
(1914–1996) [83] |
Democratic | 94–2 | May 8, 1980 | January 18, 1981 | 255 days | Maine | ||||
– | David D. Newsom | Independent | – | January 18, 1981 | January 22, 1981 | 4 days | California | ||||
59 | Alexander Haig
(1924–2010) [84] |
Republican | 93–6 | January 22, 1981 | July 5, 1982 | 1 year, 164 days | Connecticut | Ronald Reagan | |||
– | Walter J. Stoessel Jr. | Independent | – | July 5, 1982 | July 16, 1982 | 11 days | California | ||||
60 | George Shultz
(1920–2021) [86] |
Republican | 97–0 | July 16, 1982 | January 20, 1989 | 6 years, 188 days | California | ||||
– | Michael Armacost | Independent | – | January 20, 1989 | January 25, 1989 | 5 days | Maryland | George H. W. Bush | |||
61 | James Baker
(b. 1930) [88] |
Republican | 99–0 | January 25, 1989 | August 23, 1992 | 3 years, 211 days | Texas | ||||
62 | Lawrence Eagleburger
(1930–2011) [89] |
Republican | – | August 23, 1992 | December 8, 1992[o] | 150 days | Florida | ||||
Recess | December 8, 1992 | January 20, 1993 | |||||||||
– | Arnold Kanter | Independent | – | January 20, 1993 | 0 days | District of
Columbia | |||||
– | Frank G. Wisner | Independent | – | January 20, 1993 | 0 days | District of
Columbia |
Bill Clinton | ||||
63 | Warren Christopher
(1925–2011) [80] |
Democratic | Voice | January 20, 1993 | January 17, 1997 | 3 years, 363 days | California | ||||
64 | Madeleine Albright
(1937–2022) [92] |
Democratic | 99–0 | January 23, 1997 | January 20, 2001 | 3 years, 363 days | District of
Columbia | ||||
65 | Colin Powell
(1937–2021) [93] |
Republican | Voice | January 20, 2001 | January 26, 2005 | 4 years, 6 days | Virginia | George W. Bush | |||
66 | Condoleezza Rice
(b. 1954) [94] |
Republican | 85–13 | January 26, 2005 | January 20, 2009 | 3 years, 360 days | California | ||||
– | William J. Burns
(b. 1956) [m] |
Independent | – | January 20, 2009 | January 21, 2009 | 1 day | District of
Columbia |
Barack Obama | |||
67 | Hillary Clinton
(b. 1947) [95] |
Democratic | 94–2 | January 21, 2009 | February 1, 2013 | 4 years, 11 days | New York | ||||
68 | John Kerry
(b. 1943) [96] |
Democratic | 94–3 | February 1, 2013 | January 20, 2017 | 3 years, 354 days | Massachusetts | ||||
– | Thomas A.
Shannon Jr. (b. 1958 ) [m][97] |
Republican | – | January 20, 2017 | February 1, 2017 | 12 days | Minnesota | Donald Trump | |||
69 | Rex Tillerson
(b. 1952) [98] |
Republican | 55–43 | February 1, 2017 | March 31, 2018 | 1 year, 58 days | Texas | ||||
– | John J. Sullivan
(b. 1959) [o] |
Republican | – | April 1, 2018 | April 26, 2018 | 25 days | Massachusetts | ||||
70 | Mike Pompeo
(b. 1963) [99] |
Republican | 57–42 | April 26, 2018 | January 20, 2021 | 2 years, 269 days | Kansas | ||||
– | Daniel Bennett Smith | Independent | – | January 20, 2021 | January 26, 2021 | 6 days | Virginia | Joe Biden | |||
71 | Antony Blinken
(b. 1962) [101] |
Democratic | 78–22 | January 26, 2021 | Incumbent | 3 years, 311 days | New York |
References
[change | change source]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Cabinet Nominations, since 1789" (PDF). legacy-assets.eenews.net/. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 10, 2021. Retrieved November 10, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 9, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: Edmund Jennings Randolph (1753–1813)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on September 8, 2015. Retrieved November 9, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: Timothy Pickering (1745–1829)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 9, 2021.
- ↑ "Charles Lee (1758–1815)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on October 31, 2021. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: John Marshall (1755–1835)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 9, 2021.
- ↑ "Levi Lincoln (1749–1820)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on November 4, 2021. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: James Madison (1751–1836)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 9, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: Robert Smith (1757–1842)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 11, 2018. Retrieved November 10, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: James Monroe (1758–1831)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 9, 2021.
- ↑ "John Graham (1774–1820)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on September 22, 2021. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑ "Richard Rush (1780–1859)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on November 4, 2021. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: John Quincy Adams (1767–1848)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 9, 2021.
- ↑ "Daniel Carroll Brent (1770–1841)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on November 4, 2021. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: Henry Clay (1777–1852)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 9, 2021.
- ↑ "James Alexander Hamilton (1788–1878)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on June 23, 2021. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: Martin Van Buren (1782–1862)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 9, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: Edward Livingston (1764–1836)". [[Office of the Historian]. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 9, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: Louis McLane (1786–1857)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 9, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: John Forsyth (1780–1841)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 9, 2021.
- ↑ "Jacob L. Martin (?–1848)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on November 1, 2021. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: Daniel Webster (1782–1852)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 9, 2021.
- ↑ "Hugh Swinton Legare (1797–1843)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on November 4, 2021. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑ "William S. Derrick (?–1852)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on November 1, 2021. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: Abel Parker Upshur (1791–1844)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 9, 2021.
- ↑ "John Nelson (1794–1860)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on October 28, 2021. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: John Caldwell Calhoun (1782–1850)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 9, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: James Buchanan (1791–1868)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 9, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: John Middleton Clayton (1796–1856)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 9, 2021.
- ↑ "Charles Magill Conrad (1804–1878)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on November 1, 2021. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: Edward Everett (1794–1865)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 9, 2021.
- ↑ 32.0 32.1 "William Hunter (1805–1886)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on November 1, 2021. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: William Learned Marcy (1786–1857)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 9, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: Lewis Cass (1782–1866)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 11, 2018. Retrieved November 9, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: Jeremiah Sullivan Black (1810–1883)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 9, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: William Henry Seward (1801–1872)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 9, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: Elihu Benjamin Washburne (1816–1887)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 9, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: Hamilton Fish (1808–1893)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 9, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: William Maxwell Evarts (1818–1901)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 9, 2021.
- ↑ 40.0 40.1 "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: James Gillespie Blaine (1830–1893)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 9, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen (1817–1885)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 10, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: Thomas Francis Bayard (1828–1898)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 10, 2021.
- ↑ 43.0 43.1 "William Fisher Wharton (1847–1919)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on November 4, 2021. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: John Watson Foster (1836–1917)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 10, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: Walter Quintin Gresham (1832–1895)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 10, 2021.
- ↑ "Edwin Fuller Uhl (1841–1901)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on January 18, 2022. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: Richard Olney (1835–1917)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on January 16, 2022. Retrieved November 10, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: John Sherman (1823–1900)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 10, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: William Rufus Day (1849–1923)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 10, 2021.
- ↑ "Alvey Augustus Adee (1842–1924)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on January 18, 2022. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: John Milton Hay (1838–1905)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 10, 2021.
- ↑ "Francis Butler Loomis (1861–1948)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on January 18, 2022. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: Elihu Root (1845–1937)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 10, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: Robert Bacon (1860–1919)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 10, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: Philander Chase Knox (1853–1921)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 10, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: William Jennings Bryan (1860–1925)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 10, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: Robert Lansing (1864–1928)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 10, 2021.
- ↑ "Frank Lyon Polk (1871–1943)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on November 4, 2021. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: Bainbridge Colby (1869–1950)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 11, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: Charles Evans Hughes (1862–1948)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 15, 2018. Retrieved November 11, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: Frank Billings Kellogg (1856–1937)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 11, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: Henry Lewis Stimson (1867–1950)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 11, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: Cordell Hull (1871–1955)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 11, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: Edward Reilly Stettinius Jr. (1900–1949)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on February 18, 2019. Retrieved November 11, 2021.
- ↑ "Joseph Clark Grew (1880–1965)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on February 7, 2009. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: James Francis Byrnes (1882–1972)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 11, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: George Catlett Marshall (1880–1959)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: Dean Gooderham Acheson (1893–1971)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑ "Harrison Freeman Matthews (1899–1986)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on August 15, 2021. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: John Foster Dulles (1888–1959)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: Christian Archibald Herter (1895–1966)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑ "Livingston Tallmadge Merchant (1903–1976)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on November 4, 2021. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: David Dean Rusk (1909–1994)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on February 18, 2019. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑ "Charles Eustis Bohlen (1904–1974)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on August 9, 2019. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: William Pierce Rogers (1913–2001)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on February 18, 2019. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑ "Kenneth Rush (1910–1994)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on April 14, 2021. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: Henry A. (Heinz Alfred) Kissinger (1923–)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑ "Philip Charles Habib (1920–1992)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on November 1, 2021. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: Cyrus Roberts Vance (1917–2002)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on February 18, 2019. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑ 80.0 80.1 80.2 "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: Warren Minor Christopher (1925–2011)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑ 81.0 81.1 81.2 "David Dunlap Newsom (1918–2008)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on November 4, 2021. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑ "Richard Newell Cooper (1934–)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on July 30, 2021. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: Edmund Sixtus Muskie (1914–1996)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: Alexander Meigs Haig Jr. (1924–2010)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 11, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑ "Walter John Stoessel Jr. (1920–1986)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on November 4, 2021. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: George Pratt Shultz (1920–2021)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑ "Michael Hayden Armacost (1937–)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on November 1, 2021. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: James Addison Baker III (1930–)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on July 6, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: Lawrence Sidney Eagleburger (1930–2011)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑ Friedman, Thomas L. (January 20, 1993). "Clinton Rounds Out State Dept. Team". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 8, 2022. Retrieved May 8, 2022.
- ↑ "Frank G. Wisner II (1938–)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on November 4, 2021. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: Madeleine Korbel Albright (1937–)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: Colin Luther Powell (1937–2021)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on August 2, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: Condoleezza Rice (1954–)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: Hillary Rodham Clinton (1947–)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on March 15, 2019. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: John Forbes Kerry (1943–)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on April 27, 2019. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑ "Thomas Alfred Shannon Jr. (1958–)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on November 4, 2021. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: Rex W. Tillerson (1952–)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on November 11, 2021. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: Michael R. Pompeo (1963–)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on July 14, 2022. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑ "Daniel Bennett Smith (1956–)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on June 2, 2017. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑ "Antony Blinken (1962–)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on July 13, 2022. Retrieved November 10, 2021.
Notes
[change | change source]- ↑ Where no vote is listed, confirmation was by voice vote or otherwise unrecorded.[1]
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 As Secretary of War.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 As Attorney General.
- ↑ As Chief Justice of the United States.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 As Chief Clerk of the State Department.
- ↑ This appears to have been a recess appointment that was never submitted to the Senate.[1]
- ↑ As Secretary of the Navy.
- ↑ 8.00 8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08 8.09 8.10 In addition to the president listed, this secretary of state served for a brief period of time (eight days or less) under that president's successor until a replacement could be named and confirmed.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 As Assistant Secretary of State.
- ↑ As Second Assistant Secretary of State.
- ↑ As Counselor for the Department of State.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 As Under Secretary of State.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 13.7 As Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs.
- ↑ As Deputy Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 As Deputy Secretary of State.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 As Under Secretary of State for Economic Affairs.
- ↑ As Director of the Foreign Service Institute.