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{{Infobox country
[[File:locationEthiopia.png|right|]]
|native_name={{lang|gez|2={{nobold|የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ <br/> ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ}}}}<br/>''{{Transl|gez|ye-Ītyōṗṗyā Fēdēralāwī Dīmōkrāsīyāwī Rīpeblīk}}''
|conventional_long_name = Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
|common_name = Ethiopia
|image_flag = Flag of Ethiopia.svg
|image_coat = Coat of arms of Ethiopia.svg
|image_map = Ethiopia (Africa orthographic projection).svg
|national_anthem = {{lang|am|''[[Wodefit Gesgeshi, Widd Innat Ityopp'ya]]''}}<br /><small>("March Forward, Dear Mother Ethiopia")</small> [[File:Wedefit Gesgeshi Widd Innat Ittyoppya.ogg]]
|official_languages = [[Amharic language|Amharic]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Ethiopian Constitution|url=http://www.apapeth.org/Documents/EthiopianLaws.html|work=Article 5 Ethiopian constitution.|publisher=APAP|accessdate=3 December 2011}}</ref>
|regional_languages = [[Languages of Ethiopia|Other languages]] official amongst the different [[People of Ethiopia|ethnicities]] and their respective [[Regions of Ethiopia|regions]].
|ethnic_groups = <li>[[Oromo people|Oromo]] 34.5%<br><li>[[Amhara people|Amhara]] 26.9%<br><li>[[Somali people|Somali]] 6.2%<br><li>[[Tigray people|Tigray]] 6.1%<br><li>[[Sidama people|Sidama]] 4.%<br><li>[[Gurage people|Gurage]] 2.5%<br><li>[[Welayta people|Welayta]] 2.3%<br><li>[[Hadiya]] 1.7%<br><li>[[Afar people|Afar]] 1.7%<br><li>[[Gamo people|Gamo]] 1.5%<br><li>[[Gedeo people|Gedeo]] 1.3%<br><li>Other 11.3%<ref name="Ciaethn">[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2075.html#et CIA – Ethiopia – Ethnic groups]. Cia.gov. Retrieved on 2012-03-03.</ref>
|demonym = [[Demographics of Ethiopia|Ethiopian]]
|capital = [[Addis Ababa]]
|latd=9|latm=1.8|latNS=N|longd=38|longm=44.4|longEW=E
|largest_city = capital
|government_type=[[Federal republic|Federal]] [[parliamentary republic]]<sup>1</sup>
|leader_title1=[[List of Presidents of Ethiopia|President]]
|leader_name1=[[Girma Wolde-Giorgis]]
|leader_title2=[[List of heads of government of Ethiopia|Prime Minister]]
|leader_name2=[[Meles Zenawi]]
|s= Mulatu
|sovereignty_type=[[History of Ethiopia|Establishment]]
|established_event1=[[Kingdom of Axum]]
|established_date1=980 <small>BC</small>
|established_event2=[[Empire of Ethiopia]]
|established_date2=1137
|established_event3=[[Constitution of Ethiopia|Current constitution]]
|established_date3=1991
|area_rank=27th
|area_magnitude=1 E12
|area_km2=1,104,300
|area_sq_mi=426,371<!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
|percent_water=0.7
|population_estimate=82,101,998<ref name="CSA">Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia. [http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php?option=com_rubberdoc&view=category&id=75&Itemid=561 Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia]</ref>
|population_estimate_year=2011
|population_estimate_rank=14th
|population_census=73,918,505
|population_census_year=2007
|population_density_km2=74
|population_density_sq_mi=194<!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
|population_density_rank=123rd
|GDP_PPP_year=2011
|GDP_PPP = $94.598 billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=52&pr.y=2&sy=2008&ey=2011&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=644&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a= |title=Ethiopia|publisher=International Monetary Fund|accessdate=2011-04-21}}</ref>
|GDP_PPP_rank=
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $1,089<ref name=imf2/>
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=
|GDP_nominal = $29.717 billion<ref name=imf2/>
|GDP_nominal_year=2010
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $350<ref name=imf2/>
|HDI_year= 2010
|HDI={{increase}} 0.328
|HDI_rank=157th
|HDI_category=<span style="color:red">low</span>
|FSI=95.3 {{increase}} 3.4
|FSI_year=2007
|FSI_rank=18th
|FSI_category=<span style="color:red;">Alert</span>
|currency=[[Ethiopian birr|Birr]]
|currency_code=ETB
|country_code=ETH
|time_zone=[[East Africa Time|EAT]]
|utc_offset=+3
|time_zone_DST=not observed
|utc_offset_DST=+3
|drives_on=right
|cctld=[[.et]]
|calling_code=251
|Gini=30
|Gini_year=1999–00
|Gini_category=<span style="color:#fc0;">medium</span>
|footnote1=According to ''[[The Economist]]'' in its [[Democracy Index]], Ethiopia is a "hybrid regime", with a [[dominant-party system]] led by the [[Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front]].
|footnote2=Rank based on 2005 population estimate by the United Nations.
}}

'''Ethiopia''' is a country in the [[Horn of Africa]]. It has one of the most well known histories as a country in [[Africa]] and the world. Unlike other African countries, Ethiopia stayed together during the Scramble for Africa, except for 5 years when it was ruled by Italians. Ethiopia used to be called [[Abyssinia]]. The word "Ethiopia" is from the Greek word Αἰθιοπία. BNP per capita 1370 $ (IMF) (2008).
'''Ethiopia''' is a country in the [[Horn of Africa]]. It has one of the most well known histories as a country in [[Africa]] and the world. Unlike other African countries, Ethiopia stayed together during the Scramble for Africa, except for 5 years when it was ruled by Italians. Ethiopia used to be called [[Abyssinia]]. The word "Ethiopia" is from the Greek word Αἰθιοπία. BNP per capita 1370 $ (IMF) (2008).


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All of this led to Ethiopia's isolation during the 1700s. The Emperors became figureheads, controlled by warlords like Ras Mikael Sehul of Tigray. Ethiopian isolationism ended following a British mission that made friendship between the two nations; however, it was not until the reign of Tewodros II that Ethiopia began to take part in world matters once again.
All of this led to Ethiopia's isolation during the 1700s. The Emperors became figureheads, controlled by warlords like Ras Mikael Sehul of Tigray. Ethiopian isolationism ended following a British mission that made friendship between the two nations; however, it was not until the reign of Tewodros II that Ethiopia began to take part in world matters once again.

==Regions, zones, and districts==
Before 1996, Ethiopia was divided into 13 [[provinces]]. Ethiopia now has [[ethnic]]ally based regional countries, zones, [[district]]s, and [[neighborhood]]s.

There are nine regions, sixty-eight zones and two chartered cities. Ethiopia is further divided into 550 ''woredas'' and several ''special woredas''.

The nine regions and two chartered cities (in italics) are:
<table><td><ol>
<li> ''[[Addis Ababa]]''
<li> [[Afar Region|Afar]]
<li> [[Amhara Region|Amhara]]
<li> [[Benishangul-Gumuz Region|Benishangul-Gumuz]]
<li> ''[[Dire Dawa]]''
</ol></td><td><ol start="6">
<li> [[Gambela Region|Gambela]]
<li> [[Harari Region|Harari]]
<li> [[Oromia Region|Oromia]]
<li> [[Somali Region|Somali]]
<li> [[Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region]]
<li> [[Tigray Region|Tigray]]
</ol></td></table>

==References==
{{Reflist}}


{{commonscat}}
{{commonscat}}

Revision as of 02:03, 29 March 2012

Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ
ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ
ye-Ītyōṗṗyā Fēdēralāwī Dīmōkrāsīyāwī Rīpeblīk
Coat of arms of Ethiopia
Coat of arms
Anthem: [Wodefit Gesgeshi, Widd Innat Ityopp'ya] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)
("March Forward, Dear Mother Ethiopia")
Location of Ethiopia
Capital
and largest city
Addis Ababa
Official languagesAmharic[1]
Recognised regional languagesOther languages official amongst the different ethnicities and their respective regions.
Ethnic groups
  • Oromo 34.5%
  • Amhara 26.9%
  • Somali 6.2%
  • Tigray 6.1%
  • Sidama 4.%
  • Gurage 2.5%
  • Welayta 2.3%
  • Hadiya 1.7%
  • Afar 1.7%
  • Gamo 1.5%
  • Gedeo 1.3%
  • Other 11.3%[2]
    • Demonym(s)Ethiopian
    GovernmentFederal parliamentary republic1
    • President
    		Girma Wolde-Giorgis
    Meles Zenawi
    Establishment
    980 BC
    1137
    1991
    Area
    • Total
    		1,104,300 km2 (426,400 sq mi) (27th)
    • Water (%)
    		0.7
    Population
    • 2011 estimate
    		82,101,998[3] (14th)
    • 2007 census
    		73,918,505
    • Density
    		74/km2 (191.7/sq mi) (123rd)
    GDP (PPP)2011 estimate
    • Total
    		$94.598 billion[4]
    • Per capita
    		$1,089[4]
    GDP (nominal)2010 estimate
    • Total
    		$29.717 billion[4]
    • Per capita
    		$350[4]
    Gini (1999–00)30
    medium
    HDI (2010)Increase 0.328
    Error: Invalid HDI value · 157th
    CurrencyBirr (ETB)
    Time zoneUTC+3 (EAT)
    • Summer (DST)
    		UTC+3 (not observed)
    Driving sideright
    Calling code251
    ISO 3166 codeET
    Internet TLD.et
    1. According to The Economist in its Democracy Index, Ethiopia is a "hybrid regime", with a dominant-party system led by the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front.
    2. Rank based on 2005 population estimate by the United Nations.

    Ethiopia is a country in the Horn of Africa. It has one of the most well known histories as a country in Africa and the world. Unlike other African countries, Ethiopia stayed together during the Scramble for Africa, except for 5 years when it was ruled by Italians. Ethiopia used to be called Abyssinia. The word "Ethiopia" is from the Greek word Αἰθιοπία. BNP per capita 1370 $ (IMF) (2008).

    History

    The Kingdom of joan lanm, the first known kingdom of great power to rise in Ethiopia, rose during the first century AD. The Persian religious figure Mani listed Axum with Rome, Persia, and China as one of the four great powers of his time. It was in the early 4th century that a Syro-Greek castaway, Frumentius, was taken to the court and over time changed King Ezana to Christianity, making Christianity Ethiopia's religion. For this, he received the title "Abba Selama". At different times, including a time in the 6th century, Axum ruled most of modern-day Yemen just across the Red Sea.

    The line of rulers from the Axumite kings was broken a few times: first by the Jewish Queen Gudit around 950, then by the Zagwe dynasty. Around 1270, the Solomonid dynasty came to control Ethiopia, claiming that they were related to the kings of Axum. They called themselves Neguse Negest ("King of Kings," or Emperor), basing their claims on their direct relation to Solomon and the queen of Sheba.

    During the rule of Emperor Lebna Dengel, Ethiopia made its first good contact with a European country, Portugal. This was a good development. When the Empire was attacked by Somali General and Imam, Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi, Portugal responded to Lebna Dengel's request for help with an army of 400 men, which helped his son Gelawdewos beat al-Ghazi and remake his rule. However, Jesuit missionaries over time offended the Orthodox faith of the local Ethiopians, and in the mid-17th century Emperor Fasilidos got rid of these missionaries. At the same time, the Oromo people began to question the Ethiopian Christian authorities in the Abyssinian territories, and wanted to keep their own religion.

    All of this led to Ethiopia's isolation during the 1700s. The Emperors became figureheads, controlled by warlords like Ras Mikael Sehul of Tigray. Ethiopian isolationism ended following a British mission that made friendship between the two nations; however, it was not until the reign of Tewodros II that Ethiopia began to take part in world matters once again.

    Regions, zones, and districts

    Before 1996, Ethiopia was divided into 13 provinces. Ethiopia now has ethnically based regional countries, zones, districts, and neighborhoods.

    There are nine regions, sixty-eight zones and two chartered cities. Ethiopia is further divided into 550 woredas and several special woredas.

    The nine regions and two chartered cities (in italics) are:

    1. Addis Ababa
    2. Afar
    3. Amhara
    4. Benishangul-Gumuz
    5. Dire Dawa
    1. Gambela
    2. Harari
    3. Oromia
    4. Somali
    5. Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region
    6. Tigray

    References

    1. ↑ "Ethiopian Constitution". Article 5 Ethiopian constitution. APAP. Retrieved 3 December 2011.
    2. ↑ CIA – Ethiopia – Ethnic groups. Cia.gov. Retrieved on 2012-03-03.
    3. ↑ Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia. Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 "Ethiopia". International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 2011-04-21.
    Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ethiopia.

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