Tenshō (Momoyama period)
Tenshō (天正) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō,, lit. "year" name) after Genki and before Bunroku. This period started in July 1573 and ended in December 1592.[1] During this time, the emperors were Ōgimachi-tennō (正親町天皇)[2] and Go-Yōzei-tennō (後陽成天皇).[3]
The nengō Tenshō means "Heavenly Virtue".[4]
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Events of the Tenshō era [change]
Oda Nobunaga suggested that a new era should begin in 1573.[5] The general meaning of Tenshō was "heavenly righteousness".[6]
- 1573 (Tenshō 1, 7th month): Shogun Ashikaga Yoshiaki became a Buddhist priest.[7]
- 1576 (Tenshō 3, 5th month): Battle of Nagashino.[8]
- 1576 (Tenshō 4): Takeda Katuyori ordered the rebuilding of the Asama Shrine at the base of Mount Fuji in Suruga province.[9]
- 1582 (Tenshō 10): Oda Nobunaga orders the destroyed of structures built by Takeda at the Asama Shrine.[9]
- 1582 (Tenshō 10, 3rd month): Battle of Temmokuzan.[10]
- 20 February 1582 (Tenshō 10, 28th day of the 10th month):A Jesuit missionary and four Japanese Catholic boys went to Rome to see Pope Gregory XIII.[11] This is sometimes called the "Tenshō Embassy".[12] or the "Boys' Mission of the Tenshō Period" (Tenshō Shōnen Shisetsu).[13]
- 1583 (Tenshō 11, 4th month): Battle of Shizugatake.[14]
- 1583 (Tenshō 12, 4th month): Battle of Komaki and Nagakute.[15]
- 1584 (Tenshō 13, 7th month): Toyotomi Hideyoshi is named kampaku by Emperor Ōgimachi.[16]
- 17 December 1586 (Tenshō 14, 7th day of the 11th month): Emperor Ogimachi abdicated;[17] and his grandson received the succession (senso). Soon after, Emperor Go-Yōzei's role as monarch was confirmed (sokui).[18]
- 1586 (Tenshō 14, 12th month): A marriage is arranged between the youngest sister of Hideyoshi and Tokugawa Ieyasu.[19]
- 1586 (Tenshō 14, 12th month): The kampaku, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, was nominated to be Daijō-daijin.[19]
- 1587 (Tenshō 15): Gold or silver coins called Tenshō-tsūhō were minted.[20] The gold coins (Tenshō-ōban) were oval shaped.[21]
In 1589-1590 (in the 23rd year of the reign of King Seonjo of Joseon), a diplomatic mission led by Hwang Yun-gil was sent to Japan.[22] The Joseon ambassador was received by Hideyoshi.[23]
In popular culture [change]
The fictional plot of the classic Akira Kurosawa film The Seven Samurai takes place in the 15th year of Tenshō.[24]
Related pages [change]
References [change]
- ↑ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Tenshō" in Japan encyclopedia, p. 961.
- ↑ Nussbaum, "Ōgimachi Tennō," p. 739.
- ↑ Nussbaum, "Go-Yōzei Tennō," p. 265; Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon, pp. 382-405.
- ↑ Watsky, Andrew Mark. (2004). Chikubushima: Deploying the Sacred Arts in Momoyama Japan, p. 24.
- ↑ Jansen, Marius B. (2002). The Making of Modern Japan, p. 14.
- ↑ Hall, John Whitney. (1991). Early Modern Japan, p. 14.
- ↑ Titsingh, p. 389.
- ↑ Titsingh, p. 391.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1962). Studies in Shinto and Shrines, p.462.
- ↑ Titsingh, p. 395.
- ↑ Nussbaum, "Tenshō Ken'ō Shisetsu" at 961; Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. (1838). "Gregory XIII," Penny cyclopaedia, Vol. 11, p. 446.
- ↑ McKelway, Matthew P. (2006). Capitalscapes: Folding Screens and Political Imagination in Late Medieval Kyoto, p. 164.
- ↑ Cooper, Michael. "When Four Boys Went to Meet the Pope, 400 Years Ago," Japan Times. 21 February 1982; retrieved 2011-12-7.
- ↑ Titsingh, p. 398.
- ↑ Titsingh, p. 399.
- ↑ Titsingh, p. 401.
- ↑ Titsingh, p. 402; Ponsonby-Fane, Richard A. B. (1956). Kyoto: The Old Capital of Japan, 794-1869, pp. 340-341.
- ↑ Titsingh, p. 402; Varley, p. 44; a distinct act of senso is unrecognized prior to Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except Jitō, Yōzei, Go-Toba, and Fushimi have senso and sokui in the same year until the reign of Emperor Go-Murakami. Compare Kunaichō, Ceremony of Accession (Sokui-no-Rei); retrieved 2012-6-29.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 Titsingh, p. 402.
- ↑ Munro, Neil Gordon. (1904). Coins of Japan, p. 80.
- ↑ Nussbaum, "Tenshō-tsūhō" at p. 961.
- ↑ Rutt, Richard et al. (2003). Korea: a Historical and Cultural Dictionary, p. 190.
- ↑ Kang, Diplomacy and Ideology, p. 275.
- ↑ Kurawawa, Akira. (1970). The Seven Samurai, p. 71; Galloway, Patrick. (1974). Stray Dogs & Lone Wolves: the Samurai Film Handbook, p. 57.
Other websites [change]
- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
| Tenshō | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9th | 10th | 11th | 12th | 13th | 14th | 15th | 16th | 17th | 18th | 19th | 20th |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1573 | 1574 | 1575 | 1576 | 1577 | 1578 | 1579 | 1580 | 1581 | 1582 | 1583 | 1584 | 1585 | 1586 | 1587 | 1588 | 1589 | 1590 | 1591 | 1592 |
| Preceded by: Genki |
Era or nengō: Tenshō |
Succeeded by: Bunroku |
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