Pope Pius IX
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| motto: Crux de Cruce | |
| Birth name | Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti |
|---|---|
| Born | May 31, 1792 Senigallia, Italy |
| Died | February 7, 1878 (aged 85) Apostolic Palace, Vatican City |
| Papacy from | June 16, 1846 – 7 February, 1878 |
| Came after | Pope Gregory XVI |
| Came before | Pope Leo XIII |
Pope Pius IX (May 13, 1792 – February 7, 1878), born Giovanni Maria Mastai-Feretti, , was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 256th Pope 1846 until his death.[1] The 32-year-reign of Pius IX is the longest in the church's history; and some issues of his papacy remain problematic.[2]
In 2000, he was beatified, which is a step in the process of naming a saint of the Catholic Church.[2]
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[change] Career
Mastai-Feretti was ordained as a priest in 1819.[3]
[change] Bishop
Father Mastai-Feretti was named Bishop of Spoletto in 1827.[3] In 1877, the Golden Jubilee celebrations recalled the 50 years since he was named a bishop.[4]
[change] Cardinal
In 1840, Pope Gregory XVI made Bishop Mastai-Feretti a cardinal.[3]
[change] Pope
Cardinal Mastai-Feretti was elected Pope in 1846; and he took the name Pius IX.[3]
In 1846, Piux IX declared an amnesty for political prisoners.[2]
In 1848 he ordered that the gates to the Jewish ghetto in Rome be knocked down.[2]
Pius formally defined the dogma of the Immaculate Conception.[5]
[change] Papal States
In 1849, Pius was deposed as the temporal ruler of the Papal States.[3] As a result of Italian nationalism and the Risorgimento, the pope spent his last years a virtual prisoner within the Vatican.[2]
[change] First Vatican Council
In 1869-1870, Pope Pius brought together the church's bishops and cardinals in a meeting called the Vatican Council.[6] The council defined the dogma of papal infallibility.[7]
Pius died at age 85."Pius IX," New York Times. February 8, 1878; retrieved 2011-10-30.</ref>
[change] After his death
The process of recognizing Pius IX as a saint began in 1907.[2]
The body of Pope Pius IX was exhumed in 1956.[8] This was part of a ceremony of "recognition".[5]
Preparations for beatification were almost finished in 1962;[9] and they were completed in 1984.[2]
[change] Related pages
[change] References
- ↑ "List of Popes," Catholic Encyclopedia (2009); retrieved 2011-11-02.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Stanley, Alessandra. "Italian Jews Denounce Vatican's Decision to Beatify Pius IX," New York Times. June 28, 2000; ewcerpt, "To Vatican officials Pius IX was a martyr to 19th-century anticlericism who is being unfairly judged by contemporary mores. But to many Jews he symbolizes the open anti-Semitism of the Roman Catholic Church before the Second Vatican Council..."; retrieved 2011-11-01.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 "Pope Pius IX," Catholic Encyclopedia; retrieved 2011-10-28.
- ↑ "The Papal Golden Jubilee," New York Times. June 4, 1877; retrieved 2011-10-30.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Pius IX 'Recognized'; Step Toward the Beatification of 19th Century Pope Taken," New York Times. November 20, 1956; retrieved 2011-10-30.
- ↑ "Vatican Council," Catholic Encyclopedia; retrieved 2011-10-28.
- ↑ "Papal Infallibility; What Pius IX. Himself is Credited With Saying," New York Times. August 9, 1871; retrieved 2011-10-30.
- ↑ "Body of Pope Pius IX Exhumed in Ceremony," New York Times." October 26, 1956; retrieved 2011-10-30.
- ↑ "Pope Plans October Decree Of Beatification of Pius IX," New York Times. August 22, 1962; retrieved 2011-1101.
[change] More reading
- Kertazer, David I. (1997). The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara. New York: Knopf. 10-ISBN 0679450319/13-ISBN 9780679450313; 10-ISBN 0679768173/13-ISBN 9780679768173; OCLC 35829023
[change] Other websites
"Pope Pius IX". Catholic Encyclopedia. (1913). New York: Robert Appleton Company.
