Pope Pius XI
Pope Pius XI | |
|---|---|
.jpg) | |
| Papacy began | 6 February 1922 |
| Papacy ended | 10 February 1939 |
| Predecessor | Pope Benedict XV |
| Successor | Pope Pius XII |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Achille Ratti 31 May 1857 Desio, Lombardy-Venetia, Austrian Empire |
| Died | 10 February 1939 Apostolic Palace, Vatican City |
| Motto | Raptim Transit (It goes by swiftly) Pax Christi in Regno Christi (The Peace of Christ in the Realm of Christ) |
| Other popes named Pius | |
Pope Pius XI (Latin: Pius PP. XI; Italian: Pio XI, 31 May 1857–10 February 1939), born Achille Ratti, was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 260th Pope from 1922 to 1939.[1]
Priest
[change | change source]Ratti was ordained as a priest in 1875.[2]
Father Ratti was a professor at the Padua Seminary from 1882 to 1888. He worked at Ambrosian Library of Milan from 1888 to 1911; and at the Vatican Library from 1911-1914.[2]
Despite his job as a librarian, Ratti was physically active. During his entire time in Milan, he was an avid mountaineer. Between 1885 and 1913, he did over twenty major tours. He climbed Mont Blanc (the Italian normal route to Mont Blanc now bears his name), the Matterhorn, the Presolana and the Dufourspitze, amongst others. He climbed the latter in July 1889 on the route via the eastern flank, which had been first climbed in 1872. This is an extremely challenging route,which people considered considered unclimbable before. He was part of the first Italian rope team to reach the 4634 meter high mountain peak. They were also the first to make the traverse from Macugnaga to Zermatt by the Zumsteinjoch. After climbing the Dufourspitze, he spent the night on the summit with his companions.[3] Ratti also wrote a significant number of mountaineering writings.[4] A scholar-athlete pope was not seen again until John Paul II.
Bishop
[change | change source]In 1919, Pope Benedict XV made Ratti a Bishop of Lepanto.[5]
In 1921, Benedict named him Archbishop of Milan.[2]
Cardinal
[change | change source]Pope
[change | change source]Cardinal Ratti was elected pope on February 6, 1922; and he chose the name Pope Pius XI.[5]
Some of his decisions were controversial. He made 18 concordats (treaties) with foreign governments. They included the Lateran Concordat with Italy in 1929; and the Reichskoncordat with Germany in 1933.[7]
Related pages
[change | change source]References
[change | change source]
- ↑ "List of Popes," Catholic Encyclopedia (2009); retrieved 2011-11-02.
- 1 2 3 "Pope Pius XI"[permanent dead link], Embryo Project Archived 2011-10-05 at the Wayback Machine (2010); retrieved 2011-11-02.
- ↑ Nicholas Shoumatoff, Nina Shoumatoff: The Alps: Europe's Mountain Heart (page 198). University of Michigan Press 2001, ISBN 0-472-11111-6
- ↑ Ein Papst auf dem Matterhorn, domradio.de, 16 June 2019
- 1 2 "Pontiff Spent His Life in Religion From His Boyhood Years," New York Times. February 10, 1939; retrieved 2011-11-9.
- ↑ Pius XI, a Diplomat and a Deep Student," New York Times. February 7, 1922; retrieved 2011-11-9.
- ↑ Flinn, Frank K. et al. (2007). "Pius XI," in Encyclopedia of Catholicism, p. 520.
Other websites
[change | change source]
Media related to Pius XI at Wikimedia Commons
- Vatican webpage, Pius XI biography (in Italian)
- Catholic hierarchy, Pope Pius XI
- Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church Archived 2011-10-30 at the Wayback Machine, Cardinal Ratti Archived 2014-01-03 at the Wayback Machine
| Preceded by Benedict XV |
Pope 1922–1939 |
Succeeded by Pius XII |
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