Tenmei
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Tenmei (天明) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, lit. year name), also known as Temmei, after An'ei and before Kansei. This period started in April 1781 and ended in January 1789.[1] During this time, the emperor was Kōkaku-tennō (光格天皇).[2]
The nengō Tenmei means "Heavenly Radiance".[3] The kanji means "dawn" or "daybreak".[4]
Events of the Tenmei era[change | change source]
- 1782 (Tenmei 2): Great Tenmei Famine began.[5]
- 1782 (Tenmei 2): The emperor received a written study of silver currency in China and Japan. The work was made by Minamoto no Masatsuna.[6]
- 1783 (Tenmei 3): Mount Asama (浅間山, Asama-yama) erupted in Shinano Province and loss of life was estimated at 20,000+.[7]
- 1783 (Tenmei 3): Famine was worse; food reserves used up[8]
- 1784 (Tenmei 4): Nationwide events honored Kōbō-Daishi who was the founder of Shingon Buddhism. Kōbō-Daishi died 950 years earlier.[6]
- 1784 (Tenmei 4): The son of Tanuma Okitsugu was assassinated in Edo Castle.[9]
- 17 September 1786 (Tenmei 6, 25th day of the 8th month): Shogun Tokugawa Ieharu died and was buried in Edo.
- 1787 (Tenmei 7): Tokugawa Ienari became the 11th shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate.[10]
- 1787 (Tenmei 7): Matsudaira Sadanobu becomes the shogunate's senior official (rōjū).[11]
- 1787 (Tenmei 7): Kutsuki Masatsuna published Seiyō senpu (Notes on Western Coinage).[12]
- 1788 (Tenmei 7): Riots in rice shops in Edo and Osaka.
- 1788 (Tenmei 8): Great Fire of Kyoto; the Imperial Palace was destroyed.[13]
Related pages[change | change source]
References[change | change source]
- ↑ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2002). "Temmei" Japan Encyclopedia, p. 956.
- ↑ Nussbaum, "Kōkaku Tennō," p. 546; Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, p. 420.
- ↑ Screech, Timon. (2000). The Shogun's Painted Culture, p. 100.
- ↑ Spahn, Mark et al. (1996). "天明 Tenmei" in The Kanji Dictionary, p. 46.
- ↑ Nussbaum, "Temmei no Kikin" at p. 956.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Titsingh, p. 420.
- ↑ Screech, (2006), Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779-1822, pp. 146-148; Hall, John Whitney. (1955). Tanuma Okitsugu, 1719-1788: Forerunner of Modern Japan, p. 122.
- ↑ Hall, Tanuma Okitsugu, p. 170.
- ↑ Screech, pp. 148-151, 163-170, 248.
- ↑ Hall, (1991). Early Modern Japan, p. 21.
- ↑ Nussbaum, "Matsudaira Sadanobu" at p. 617; Hall, p. 360.
- ↑ Screech, (2000). Shogun's Painted Culture: Fear and Creativity in the Japanese States, 1760-1829, pp. 123, 125; See -- online image of 2 adjacent pages from library collection of Kyoto University of Foreign Studies and Kyoto Junior College of Foreign Languages
- ↑ Röpke, Ian Martin. (1999). Historical dictionary of Osaka and Kyoto, p. 118; Screech, pp. 152-154, 249-250.
Other websites[change | change source]
- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Tenmei | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9th |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1781 | 1782 | 1783 | 1784 | 1785 | 1786 | 1787 | 1788 |
Preceded by: An'ei |
Era or nengō: Tenmei |
Succeeded by: Kansei |