List of countries in the 1900s

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Contents: Top – 0-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Sovereign states[change | change source]

Name and capital city Information on status and recognition of sovereignty

A[change | change source]

 Abuja - Abuja Emirate (to 1902)
Capital: Abuja 		Widely recognized independent state.
→ Acre – Independent State of Acre (to March 15th 1900, from November to December 24th 1900, and from January 27th to November 11th 1903.)
Capital: Cidade do Acre 		De facto independent state to March 15, 1900, from November 1900 to December 24, 1900, and from January 27, 1903, to November 11, 1903. Claimed by Bolivia.
 Agadez - Tenere Sultanate of Aïr (to 1900)
Capital: Agadez 		Widely recognized independent state to 1900.[1]
Andorra – Principality of Andorra
Capital: Andorra la Vella 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Angoche - Angoche Sultanate
Capital: Angoche 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Argentina – Argentine Republic
Capital: Buenos Aires 		Widely recognized independent state.
Aro – Aro Confederacy (to January 1902)
Capital: Arochukwu 		Widely recognized independent state.
Ashanti – Ashanti Empire (to January 1902)
Capital: Kumasi 		Widely recognized independent state.
→ → Australia – Commonwealth of Australia (from January 1, 1901)
Capital: Melbourne 		Widely recognized independent state from January 1, 1901.[2] Australia is autonomous but still dependent from the United Kingdom. Australia has 1 External Territory:
  •  Papua – Territory of Papua (External territory, from March 18, 1902)
    Capital: Canberra
 Austria-Hungary – Austro-Hungarian Monarchy
Capital: Vienna (Cisleithania), Budapest (Transleithania) 		Widely recognized independent state. Austria-Hungary has 1 concession:
  • Austria-Hungary Tientsin (Concession, from December 27, 1902)

B[change | change source]

Bali - Kingdom of Bali (to 1908)
Capital: Klungkung 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Beihan - Emirate of Beihan (to 1904)
Capital: Suq Abdulla 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium
Capital: Brussels 		Widely recognized independent state. Belgium has 1 colony and 1 concession:
 Bhutan
Capital: Punakha
  • Bhutan (to December 17th 1907)
  • Kingdom of Bhutan (from December 17th 1907)
 Widely recognized independent state.
 Biu - Biu Kingdom (to 1900)
Capital: Biu 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Bolivia – Republic of Bolivia
Capital: Sucre (official), La Paz (administrative) 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Brakna - Brakna Emirate (to October 18th 1904)
Capital: Aleg 		Widely recognized independent state.
Brazil Brazil – Republic of the United States of Brazil
Capital: Rio de Janeiro 		Widely recognized independent state. Brazil was a federation of 20 states, one territory, and one federal district.[a]
Bulgaria
Capital: Sofia 		De facto independent state until October 5, 1908. Widely recognized independent state from October 5, 1908.

C[change | change source]

 Canada – Dominion of Canada
Capital: Ottawa 		Widely recognized independent state. Canada is autonomous but still dependent from the United Kingdom.
Champasak - Kingdom of Champasak (to November 22, 1904)
Capital: Champasak 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Chile – Republic of Chile
Capital: Santiago 		Widely recognized independent state.
 China – Great Qing Empire
Capital: Peking 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Chokwe - Chokwe Kingdom (to 1908) Widely recognized independent state.
 Colombia – Republic of Colombia
Capital: Bogotá 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Congo – Congo Free State (to November 15th 1908)
Capital: Boma 		Widely recognized independent state. State in personal union with the Kingdom of Belgium.
→  Costa Rica – Republic of Costa Rica
Capital: San José 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Crete – Cretan State (to October 6th 1908)
Capital: Chania 		De facto independent state, .
 Cuba – Republic of Cuba (from May 20th 1902 to September 28th 1906 and from February 6th 1909)
Capital: Havana 		Widely recognized independent state.

D[change | change source]

Darfur –Sultanate of Darfur
Capital: El Fasher 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Daure-Baure - Kingdom of Daure-Baure (to 1903) Widely recognized independent state.
 Daure-Zango - Kingdom of Daure-Zango (to 1903) Widely recognized independent state.
 Dendi - Dendi Kingdom (to 1901)
Capital: Lulami 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark
Capital: Copenhagen 		Widely recognized independent state. Denmark has 2 colonies and 1 dependency:
 Dhala – Emirate of Dhala (to 1904)
Capital: Dhala 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Dominican Republic – Dominican Republic
Capital: Santo Domingo

E[change | change source]

→ Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador
Capital: Quito 		Widely recognized independent state.
El Salvador – Republic of El Salvador
Capital: San Salvador 		Widely recognized independent state.
Ethiopia – Ethiopian Empire
Capital: Addis Ababa 		Widely recognized independent state.

F[change | change source]

 France – French Republic
Capital: Paris

G[change | change source]

 Geledi - Sultanate of the Geledi (to September 3rd 1908)
Capital: Afgooye 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Germany – German Realm
Capital: Berlin 		Widely recognized independent state. The following are colonies, concessions and protectorates of Germany:
Greece – Kingdom of Greece
Capital: Athens 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala
Capital: Guatemala City 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Gumel - Gumel Emirate (to 1903)
Capital: Gumel 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Gumma - Kingdom of Gumma (to 1902)

H[change | change source]

Ha'il – Emirate of Ha'il
Capital: Ha'il 		Widely recognized independent state.
Haiti – Republic of Haiti
Capital: Port-au-Prince 		Widely recognized independent state.
Honduras – Republic of Honduras
Capital: Tegucigalpa

I[change | change source]

 Igala - Igala Kingdom (to 1901)
Capital: Idah 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Igara - Kingdom of Igara (to 1901) Widely recognized independent state.
 Ilé-Ifẹ̀ - Ilé-Ifẹ̀ Kingdom (to 1900)
Capital: Ilé-Ifẹ̀ 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Italy – Kingdom of Italy
Capital: Rome

J[change | change source]

 Japan – Empire of Japan
Capital: Tokyo City 		Widely recognized independent state.

K[change | change source]

 Kajara - Kajara Kingdom (to 1901) Widely recognized independent state.
Kano - Kano Emirate (to February 3, 1903)
Capital: Takai 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Kasanje - Kasanje Kingdom Widely recognized independent state.
 Kebbi - Kebbi Emirate (to 1902)
Capital: Argungu 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Kel Ahaggar (to 1903) Widely recognized independent state.
 Korea – Greater Korean Empire (to November 17, 1905)
Capital: Hanseong 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Kuba - Kuba Kingdom (to 1900)
Capital: Nsheng 		Widely recognized independent state.

L[change | change source]

 Lafia Beri-Beri - Lafia Beri-Beri Kingdom (to 1900)
Capital: Lafia 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Liberia – Republic of Liberia
Capital: Monrovia 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein
Capital: Vaduz 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
Capital: Luxembourg City 		Widely recognized independent state.

M[change | change source]

 Mbunda - Mbunda Kingdom (to 1908) Widely recognized independent state.
 Mexico – United Mexican States
Capital: Mexico City 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Monaco – Principality of Monaco
Capital: Monaco 		Widely recognized independent state.
→ Montenegro – Principality of Montenegro
Capital: Cetinje 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Morocco – Sultanate of Morocco
Capital: Fez 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Mutayr - Emirate of Mutayr (to 1908) Widely recognized independent state.

N[change | change source]

Nepal – Kingdom of Nepal
Capital: Kathmandu 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Netherlands – Kingdom of the Netherlands
Capital: Amsterdam 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Newfoundland – Dominion of Newfoundland (from September 26th 1907)
Capital: St. John's 		Widely recognized independent state. Newfoundland is autonomous but still dependent from the United Kingdom.
New Zealand New Zealand – Dominion of New Zealand (from September 26th 1907)
Capital: Wellington 		Widely recognized independent state. New Zealand is autonomous but still dependent from the United Kingdom.
→ Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua
Capital: Managua 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Niue - Kingdom of Niue-Fekai (to October 20th 1900) Widely recognized independent state.
 Norway – Kingdom of Norway
Capital: Christiania 		Widely recognized independent state. In personal union with Sweden until June 7, 1905.
 Nri - Kingdom of Nri
Capital: Igbo-Ukwu 		Widely recognized independent state.[3]
 Nshenyi - Nshenyi Kingdom (to 1901) Widely recognized independent state.

O[change | change source]

 Obwera - Obwera Kingdom (to 1901) Widely recognized independent state.
 Onitsha - Onitsha Kingdom (to 1900)
Capital: Onitsha 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Orange Free State (to May 31st 1902)
Capital: Bloemfontein 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Ottoman Empire – Sublime Ottoman State
Capital: Constantinople 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Ouaddai - Wadai Empire
Capital: Abéché 		Widely recognized independent state.

P[change | change source]

→  Panama – Republic of Panama (from November 3, 1903)
Capital: Panama City 		Widely recognized independent state from November 3, 1903.[4]
 Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay
Capital: Asunción 		Widely recognized independent state.
→ Persia – Sublime State of Persia
Capital: Tehran 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Peru – Peruvian Republic
Capital: Lima 		Widely recognized independent state.
Philippines - Philippine Republic (de facto independent state, to March 23rd 1901)
Capital: Several temporary capitals 		De facto independent state, to March 23, 1901.
Portugal – Kingdom of Portugal
Capital: Lisbon 		Widely recognized independent state. The following are colonies, vassals and possessions of Portugal:
 Potiskum - Potiskum Emirate (to 1901)
Capital: Potiskum 		Widely recognized independent state.

R[change | change source]

 Rabih's Empire (to 1900)
Capital: Dikwa
Riyadh - Emirate of Riyadh (from January 15,1902)
Capital: Riyadh 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Romania – Kingdom of Romania
Capital: Bucharest 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Rujumbura – Rujumbura Kingdom (to 1901) Widely recognized independent state.
 Rukiga – Rukiga Kingdom (to 1901) Widely recognized independent state.
 Russia - Russian Empire
Capital: Saint Petersburg 		Widely recognized independent state.


S[change | change source]

 San Marino - Most Serene Republic of San Marino
Capital: San Marino 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Serbia – Kingdom of Serbia
Capital: Belgrade 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Siam – Kingdom of Siam
Capital: Bangkok 		Widely recognized independent state.
Sokoto – Caliphal State in the Bilād as-Sūdān (to July 29th 1903)
Capital: Sokoto 		Widely recognized independent state.
Spain Spain – Kingdom of Spain
Capital: Madrid 		Widely recognized independent state.
Swaziland – Kingdom of Swaziland (to June 1902)
Capital: Bremersdorp 		Widely recognized independent state.
Sweden →  Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden (in personal union with Norway until June 7, 1905)[b]
Capital: Sweden 		Widely recognized independent state.
  Switzerland – Swiss Confederation
Capital: Bern

T[change | change source]

U[change | change source]

V[change | change source]

W[change | change source]

States claiming sovereignty[change | change source]

Aceh – Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam (to 1903)
Capital: Kutaraja 		Protectorate of the Ottoman Empire until 1903.
 Chita - Chita Republic (from November 1905 to January 1906) Unrecognized state.
Cruzob - Chan Santa Cruz (to May 5th 1901)
Capital: Noh Kah Balam Nah Chan Santa Cruz 		De facto independent state.
Dervish State - Dervish State
Capital: Taleh
Khiva - Khanate of Khiva
Capital: Khiva 		Semi-independent state. Under Russian protection.
Kruševo - Republic of Kruševo (from August 3 to August 13, 1903)
Capital: Kruševo 		De facto independent state.
 Shuntian Kingdom - Heavenly Kingdom of the Great Mingshun (from January 28 to January 31, 1903)
Capital: Guangzhou 		Unrecognized state from January 28 to January 31, 1903.[5]
Tagalog Republic (de facto independent state, from May 6th 1902 to July 14th 1906)
Capital: Morong 		Unrecognized state.

Non-sovereign territories[change | change source]

United Kingdom[change | change source]

  •  Cape Colony – Cape of Good Hope
  • Fiji – Colony of Fiji
  • New South Wales – Colony of New South Wales (to December 31st 1900)
  • New Zealand – Colony of New Zealand (to September 25th 1907)
  • Queensland – Colony of Queensland (to December 31st 1900)
  • South Australia – Colony of South Australia (to December 31st 1900)
  • Tasmania – Colony of Tasmania (to December 31st 1900)
  • Victoria – Colony of Victoria (to December 31st 1900)
  • Western Australia – Colony of Western Australia (to December 31st 1900)

Notes[change | change source]

  1. ↑ 20 States: Alagoas, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Paraná, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Sergipe. 1 Territory: Acre (from April 30, 1904). 1 Federal District: Federal District.
  2. ↑ Union Badge removed November 1st 1905.

References[change | change source]

  1. ↑ James B. Minahan (2016). Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World, 2nd Edition. ABC-CLIO. p. 418. ISBN 978-1-61069-954-9.
  2. ↑ "Australia", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, 2021-10-20, retrieved 2021-10-26
  3. ↑ "The Nri Kingdom | Interesting Facts About Igbo Ancient Civilisation". dakingsman.com. 26 September 2020. Retrieved 2021-10-27.
  4. ↑ "Panama", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, 2021-10-19, retrieved 2021-10-26
  5. ↑ Rong, Yuan. "洪秀全后裔今何在 [Where are the descendants of Hong Xiuquan]". Zhoumo News. Archived from the original on 2014-06-06. Retrieved October 27, 2021. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 2014-05-06 suggested (help)
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