List of countries in the 1900s

Contents:	Top – 0-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Sovereign states

Name and capital city	Information on status and recognition of sovereignty
A
Abuja - Abuja Emirate (to 1902) Capital: Abuja	Widely recognized independent state.
→ Acre – Independent State of Acre (to March 15th 1900, from November to December 24th 1900, and from January 27th to November 11th 1903.) Capital: Cidade do Acre	De facto independent state to March 15, 1900, from November 1900 to December 24, 1900, and from January 27, 1903, to November 11, 1903. Claimed by Bolivia.
Agadez - Tenere Sultanate of Aïr (to 1900) Capital: Agadez	Widely recognized independent state to 1900.
Andorra – Principality of Andorra Capital: Andorra la Vella	Widely recognized independent state.
Angoche - Angoche Sultanate Capital: Angoche	Widely recognized independent state.
Argentina – Argentine Republic Capital: Buenos Aires	Widely recognized independent state.
Aro – Aro Confederacy (to January 1902) Capital: Arochukwu	Widely recognized independent state.
Ashanti – Ashanti Empire (to January 1902) Capital: Kumasi	Widely recognized independent state.
→ → Australia – Commonwealth of Australia (from January 1, 1901) Capital: Melbourne	Widely recognized independent state from January 1, 1901. Australia is autonomous but still dependent from the United Kingdom. Australia has 1 External Territory: Papua – Territory of Papua (External territory, from March 18, 1902) Capital: Canberra
Austria-Hungary – Austro-Hungarian Monarchy Capital: Vienna (Cisleithania), Budapest (Transleithania)	Widely recognized independent state. Austria-Hungary has 1 concession: Tientsin (Concession, from December 27, 1902)
B
Bali - Kingdom of Bali (to 1908) Capital: Klungkung	Widely recognized independent state.
Beihan - Emirate of Beihan (to 1904) Capital: Suq Abdulla	Widely recognized independent state.
Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium Capital: Brussels	Widely recognized independent state. Belgium has 1 colony and 1 concession: Belgian Congo (Colony, from November 15, 1908) Capital: Léopoldville (Leopoldstad) Tientsin (Concession, from 1902)
Bhutan Capital: Punakha Bhutan (to December 17th 1907) Kingdom of Bhutan (from December 17th 1907)	Widely recognized independent state.
Biu - Biu Kingdom (to 1900) Capital: Biu	Widely recognized independent state.
Bolivia – Republic of Bolivia Capital: Sucre (official), La Paz (administrative)	Widely recognized independent state.
Brakna - Brakna Emirate (to October 18th 1904) Capital: Aleg	Widely recognized independent state.
Brazil – Republic of the United States of Brazil Capital: Rio de Janeiro	Widely recognized independent state. Brazil was a federation of 20 states, one territory, and one federal district.
Bulgaria Capital: Sofia Principality of Bulgaria (de facto independent state, to October 5, 1908) Kingdom of Bulgaria (from October 5th 1908)	De facto independent state until October 5, 1908. Widely recognized independent state from October 5, 1908.
C
Canada – Dominion of Canada Capital: Ottawa	Widely recognized independent state. Canada is autonomous but still dependent from the United Kingdom.
Champasak - Kingdom of Champasak (to November 22, 1904) Capital: Champasak	Widely recognized independent state.
Chile – Republic of Chile Capital: Santiago	Widely recognized independent state.
China – Great Qing Empire Capital: Peking	Widely recognized independent state.
Chokwe - Chokwe Kingdom (to 1908)	Widely recognized independent state.
Colombia – Republic of Colombia Capital: Bogotá	Widely recognized independent state.
Congo – Congo Free State (to November 15th 1908) Capital: Boma	Widely recognized independent state. State in personal union with the Kingdom of Belgium.
→ Costa Rica – Republic of Costa Rica Capital: San José	Widely recognized independent state.
Crete – Cretan State (to October 6th 1908) Capital: Chania	De facto independent state, .
Cuba – Republic of Cuba (from May 20th 1902 to September 28th 1906 and from February 6th 1909) Capital: Havana	Widely recognized independent state.
D
Darfur –Sultanate of Darfur Capital: El Fasher	Widely recognized independent state.
Daure-Baure - Kingdom of Daure-Baure (to 1903)	Widely recognized independent state.
Daure-Zango - Kingdom of Daure-Zango (to 1903)	Widely recognized independent state.
Dendi - Dendi Kingdom (to 1901) Capital: Lulami	Widely recognized independent state.
Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark Capital: Copenhagen	Widely recognized independent state. Denmark has 2 colonies and 1 dependency: Danish West Indies (Colony) Capital: Charlotte Amalie, United States Virgin Islands Greenland (Colony) Capital: Godthåb Iceland (Dependency) Capital: Reykjavík
Dhala – Emirate of Dhala (to 1904) Capital: Dhala	Widely recognized independent state.
Dominican Republic – Dominican Republic Capital: Santo Domingo
E
→ Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador Capital: Quito	Widely recognized independent state.
El Salvador – Republic of El Salvador Capital: San Salvador	Widely recognized independent state.
Ethiopia – Ethiopian Empire Capital: Addis Ababa	Widely recognized independent state.
F
France – French Republic Capital: Paris
G
Geledi - Sultanate of the Geledi (to September 3rd 1908) Capital: Afgooye	Widely recognized independent state.
Germany – German Realm Capital: Berlin	Widely recognized independent state. The following are colonies, concessions and protectorates of Germany: Kamerun (Colony) Capital: Jaunde
Greece – Kingdom of Greece Capital: Athens	Widely recognized independent state.
Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala Capital: Guatemala City	Widely recognized independent state.
Gumel - Gumel Emirate (to 1903) Capital: Gumel	Widely recognized independent state.
Gumma - Kingdom of Gumma (to 1902)
H
Ha'il – Emirate of Ha'il Capital: Ha'il	Widely recognized independent state.
Haiti – Republic of Haiti Capital: Port-au-Prince	Widely recognized independent state.
Honduras – Republic of Honduras Capital: Tegucigalpa
I
Igala - Igala Kingdom (to 1901) Capital: Idah	Widely recognized independent state.
Igara - Kingdom of Igara (to 1901)	Widely recognized independent state.
Ilé-Ifẹ̀ - Ilé-Ifẹ̀ Kingdom (to 1900) Capital: Ilé-Ifẹ̀	Widely recognized independent state.
Italy – Kingdom of Italy Capital: Rome
J
Japan – Empire of Japan Capital: Tokyo City	Widely recognized independent state.
K
Kajara - Kajara Kingdom (to 1901)	Widely recognized independent state.
Kano - Kano Emirate (to February 3, 1903) Capital: Takai	Widely recognized independent state.
Kasanje - Kasanje Kingdom	Widely recognized independent state.
Kebbi - Kebbi Emirate (to 1902) Capital: Argungu	Widely recognized independent state.
Kel Ahaggar (to 1903)	Widely recognized independent state.
Korea – Greater Korean Empire (to November 17, 1905) Capital: Hanseong	Widely recognized independent state.
Kuba - Kuba Kingdom (to 1900) Capital: Nsheng	Widely recognized independent state.
L
Lafia Beri-Beri - Lafia Beri-Beri Kingdom (to 1900) Capital: Lafia	Widely recognized independent state.
Liberia – Republic of Liberia Capital: Monrovia	Widely recognized independent state.
Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein Capital: Vaduz	Widely recognized independent state.
Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg Capital: Luxembourg City	Widely recognized independent state.
M
Mbunda - Mbunda Kingdom (to 1908)	Widely recognized independent state.
Mexico – United Mexican States Capital: Mexico City	Widely recognized independent state.
Monaco – Principality of Monaco Capital: Monaco	Widely recognized independent state.
→ Montenegro – Principality of Montenegro Capital: Cetinje	Widely recognized independent state.
Morocco – Sultanate of Morocco Capital: Fez	Widely recognized independent state.
Mutayr - Emirate of Mutayr (to 1908)	Widely recognized independent state.
N
Nepal – Kingdom of Nepal Capital: Kathmandu	Widely recognized independent state.
Netherlands – Kingdom of the Netherlands Capital: Amsterdam	Widely recognized independent state.
Newfoundland – Dominion of Newfoundland (from September 26th 1907) Capital: St. John's	Widely recognized independent state. Newfoundland is autonomous but still dependent from the United Kingdom.
New Zealand – Dominion of New Zealand (from September 26th 1907) Capital: Wellington	Widely recognized independent state. New Zealand is autonomous but still dependent from the United Kingdom.
→ Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua Capital: Managua	Widely recognized independent state.
Niue - Kingdom of Niue-Fekai (to October 20th 1900)	Widely recognized independent state.
Norway – Kingdom of Norway Capital: Christiania	Widely recognized independent state. In personal union with Sweden until June 7, 1905.
Nri - Kingdom of Nri Capital: Igbo-Ukwu	Widely recognized independent state.
Nshenyi - Nshenyi Kingdom (to 1901)	Widely recognized independent state.
O
Obwera - Obwera Kingdom (to 1901)	Widely recognized independent state.
Onitsha - Onitsha Kingdom (to 1900) Capital: Onitsha	Widely recognized independent state.
Orange Free State (to May 31st 1902) Capital: Bloemfontein	Widely recognized independent state.
Ottoman Empire – Sublime Ottoman State Capital: Constantinople	Widely recognized independent state.
Ouaddai - Wadai Empire Capital: Abéché	Widely recognized independent state.
P
→ Panama – Republic of Panama (from November 3, 1903) Capital: Panama City	Widely recognized independent state from November 3, 1903.
Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay Capital: Asunción	Widely recognized independent state.
→ Persia – Sublime State of Persia Capital: Tehran	Widely recognized independent state.
Peru – Peruvian Republic Capital: Lima	Widely recognized independent state.
Philippines - Philippine Republic (de facto independent state, to March 23rd 1901) Capital: Several temporary capitals	De facto independent state, to March 23, 1901.
Portugal – Kingdom of Portugal Capital: Lisbon	Widely recognized independent state. The following are colonies, vassals and possessions of Portugal: Kongo - Kingdom of Kongo (Vassal) Capital: Mbanza-Kongo Portuguese Angola (Colony) Capital: Luanda
Potiskum - Potiskum Emirate (to 1901) Capital: Potiskum	Widely recognized independent state.
R
Rabih's Empire (to 1900) Capital: Dikwa
Riyadh - Emirate of Riyadh (from January 15,1902) Capital: Riyadh	Widely recognized independent state.
Romania – Kingdom of Romania Capital: Bucharest	Widely recognized independent state.
Rujumbura – Rujumbura Kingdom (to 1901)	Widely recognized independent state.
Rukiga – Rukiga Kingdom (to 1901)	Widely recognized independent state.
Russia - Russian Empire Capital: Saint Petersburg	Widely recognized independent state.
S
San Marino - Most Serene Republic of San Marino Capital: San Marino	Widely recognized independent state.
Serbia – Kingdom of Serbia Capital: Belgrade	Widely recognized independent state.
Siam – Kingdom of Siam Capital: Bangkok	Widely recognized independent state.
Sokoto – Caliphal State in the Bilād as-Sūdān (to July 29th 1903) Capital: Sokoto	Widely recognized independent state.
Spain – Kingdom of Spain Capital: Madrid	Widely recognized independent state.
Swaziland – Kingdom of Swaziland (to June 1902) Capital: Bremersdorp	Widely recognized independent state.
→ Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden (in personal union with Norway until June 7, 1905) Capital: Sweden	Widely recognized independent state.
Switzerland – Swiss Confederation Capital: Bern T Tagant – Emirate of Tagant (to 1905) Capital: Tidjikja Tonga – Kingdom of Tonga (to May 18th 1900) Capital: Nuku'alofa Transvaal – South African Republic (to May 31st 1902) Capital: Pretoria Trarza – Emirate of Trarza (to December 15th 1902) Capital: Rosso U United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Capital: London → United States – United States of America Capital: Washington D.C. Upper Yafa - Sultanate of Upper Yafa (to 1903) Capital: Mahjaba Uruguay – Oriental Republic of Uruguay Capital: Montevideo V → Venezuela – United States of Venezuela Capital: Caracas W Wukari – Wukari Federation (to 1900) Capital: Wukari States claiming sovereignty
Aceh – Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam (to 1903) Capital: Kutaraja	Protectorate of the Ottoman Empire until 1903.
Chita - Chita Republic (from November 1905 to January 1906)	Unrecognized state.
Cruzob - Chan Santa Cruz (to May 5th 1901) Capital: Noh Kah Balam Nah Chan Santa Cruz	De facto independent state.
Dervish State - Dervish State Capital: Taleh
Khiva - Khanate of Khiva Capital: Khiva	Semi-independent state. Under Russian protection.
Kruševo - Republic of Kruševo (from August 3 to August 13, 1903) Capital: Kruševo	De facto independent state.
Shuntian Kingdom - Heavenly Kingdom of the Great Mingshun (from January 28 to January 31, 1903) Capital: Guangzhou	Unrecognized state from January 28 to January 31, 1903.
Tagalog Republic (de facto independent state, from May 6th 1902 to July 14th 1906) Capital: Morong	Unrecognized state.

Non-sovereign territories

United Kingdom

• Cape Colony – Cape of Good Hope
• Fiji – Colony of Fiji
• New South Wales – Colony of New South Wales (to December 31st 1900)
• New Zealand – Colony of New Zealand (to September 25th 1907)
• Queensland – Colony of Queensland (to December 31st 1900)
• South Australia – Colony of South Australia (to December 31st 1900)
• Tasmania – Colony of Tasmania (to December 31st 1900)
• Victoria – Colony of Victoria (to December 31st 1900)
• Western Australia – Colony of Western Australia (to December 31st 1900)