List of national rulers

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This page lists the national rulers in the world, i.e. heads of state and heads of government (and, in certain cases, de facto leaders not occupying either of those formal positions or prime ministers who are not heads of government ...) of the 195 states usually recognized like that (193 UN members + Vatican City + Taiwan), of 10 other national entities (quasi and unrecognized states), and of 7 in exile and/or alternative governments (only in exile governments that exercised power or succeeded governments that exercised power).

For local rulers, i.e. rulers of dependencies and of the main administrative divisions (autonomous regions, insular or peninsular regions, successors of historical regions or regions with strong identity, regions in the news, etc.) see:

Main page: List of the main local rulers

Contents

States – A [change]

State Status Name Since
Afghanistan Afghanistan President Hamid Karzai [1] 22 Dec 2001
Albania Albania President Bujar Nishani 24 Jul 2012
Prime minister Sali Berisha [2] 11 Sep 2005
Algeria Algeria President Abdelaziz Bouteflika 27 Apr 1999
Prime minister Abdelmalek Sellal 03 Sept 2012
Andorra Andorra Coprince (French head of state) François Hollande 15 May 2012
Coprinces (bishop of Urgel) Joan Enric Vives Sicília 12 May 2003
Personal representative of the French coprince Sylvie Hubac May 2012
Personal representative of the episcopal coprince Nemesi Marquès Oste 1993
General syndic Joan Gabriel Estany 17 May 2005
Head of government Jaume Bartumeu 3 June 2009
Angola Angola President José Eduardo dos Santos [3] 10 Sep 1979
Prime minister Fernando da Piedade Dias dos Santos 18 Feb 2010
Antigua and Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda Queen Elizabeth II 1 Nov 1981
Governor-general Louise Lake-Tack 17 Jul 2007
Prime minister Baldwin Spencer 26 Mar 2004
Argentina Argentina President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner 10 Dec 2007
Cabinet chief Juan Manuel Abal Medina, Jr. 10 Dec 2011
Armenia Armenia President Serzh Sargsyan [4] 9 Apr 2008
Prime minister Tigran Sargsyan 9 Apr 2008
Australia Australia Queen Elizabeth II 6 Feb 1952
Governor-general Quentin Bryce 5 September 2008
Prime minister Julia Gillard 24 June 2010
Austria Austria President Heinz Fischer 8 Jul 2004
Chancellor Werner Faymann 2 Dec 2008
Azerbaijan Azerbaijan President Ilham Aliyev [5] 31 Oct 2003
Prime minister Artur Rasizade [6] 6 Aug 2003

States – B [change]

State Status Name Since
The Bahamas The Bahamas Queen Elizabeth II 10 Jul 1973
Governor-general Arthur Foulkes 1 Feb 2006
Prime minister Perry Christie [7] 8 May 2012
Bahrain Bahrain King Sheikh Hamad ibn `Isa Al Khalifah [8] 14 Feb 2002
Prime minister Sheikh Khalifah ibn Sulman Al Khalifah [9] 19 Jan 1970
Bangladesh Bangladesh President Zillur Rahman 12 Feb 2009
Prime minister Sheikh Hasina (chief adviser) 6 Jan 2009
Barbados Barbados Queen Elizabeth II 30 Nov 1966
Governor-general Sir Elliott Belgrave 1 Jun 2012
Prime minister Freundel Stuart 23 Oct 2010
Belarus Belarus President Alyaksandr Lukashenka 20 Jul 1994
Prime minister Mikhail Myasnikovich 28 Dec 2010
Belgium Belgium King Albert II 9 Aug 1993
Prime minister Elio Di Rupo 6 Dec 2011
Belize Belize Queen Elizabeth II 21 Sep 1981
Governor-general Sir Colville Young 17 Nov 1993
Prime minister Dean Barrow 8 Feb 2008
Benin Benin President Yayi Boni 6 Apr 2006
Bhutan Bhutan King Jigme Khesar Namgyal Wangchuck 14 Dec 2006
Prime minister Jigme Thinley 9 Apr 2008
Bolivia Bolivia President Evo Morales 22 Jan 2006
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Hercegovina Chairman of the Presidency of the Republic Bakir Izetbegović (Chairman)
Nebojša Radmanović (Member)
Željko Komšić (Member)		 10 Mar 2012
Prime minister Vjekoslav Bevanda 12 Jan 2012
International High Representative Miroslav Lajcák (Slovakia) 2 Jul 2007
Botswana Botswana President Ian Khama 2008
Brazil Brazil President Dilma Rousseff 1 Jan 2011
Brunei Brunei Sultan Sir Hassanal Bolkiah Mu´izzadin Waddaulah 4 Oct 1967
Prime minister Sir Hassanal Bolkiah Mu´izzadin Waddaulah 1 Jan 1984
Bulgaria Bulgaria President Rosen Plevneliev 22 Jan 2012
Prime minister Boyko Borisov 27 Jul 2009
Burkina Faso Burkina Faso President Blaise Compaoré [10] 15 Oct 1987
Prime minister Luc-Adolphe Tiao 18 Apr 2011
Burundi Burundi President Pierre Nkurunziza 26 Aug 2005
Myanmar Burma President Thein Sein [11] 30 March 2011

States – C [change]

State Status Name Since
Cambodia Cambodia King Norodom Sihamoni 14 Oct 2004
Prime minister Samdech Hun Sen [12] 14 Jan 1985
Cameroon Cameroon President Paul Biya 6 Nov 1982
Prime minister Philémon Yang 30 Jun 2009
Canada Canada Queen Elizabeth II 6 Feb 1952
Governor-general David Lloyd Johnston 1 Oct 2010
Prime minister Stephen Harper 6 Feb 2006
Cape Verde Cape Verde President Jorge Carlos Fonseca 22 Sep 2011
Prime minister José Maria Neves 1 Feb 2001
Central African Republic Central African Republic President François Bozizé 15 Mar 2003
Prime minister Faustin Archange Touadéra 22 Jan 2008
Chad Chad President Idriss Déby [13] 15 Mar 2003
Prime minister Emmanuel Nadingar 5 Mar 2010
Chile Chile President Sebastian Pinera 11 Mar 2011
People's Republic of China China General secretary of the Communist Party of China Hu Jintao 15 Nov 2002
President Hu Jintao 15 Mar 2003
Premier Wen Jiabao 16 Mar 2003
Colombia Colombia President Juan Manuel Santos 7 Aug 2010
Comoros Comoros President Ikililou Dhoinine 26 May 2011
Republic of the Congo Congo (Brazzaville) President Denis Sassou Nguesso 25 Oct 1997
Democratic Republic of the Congo Congo (Kinshasa) President Joseph Kabila [14] 17 Jan 2001
Prime minister Augustin Matata Ponyo 18 Apr 2012
Costa Rica Costa Rica President Laura Chinchilla 8 May 2010
Côte d'Ivoire Côte d'Ivoire President Alassane Ouattara Apr 2011
Prime minister Guillaume Soro 4 Apr 2007
Croatia Croatia President Ivo Josipović 19 Feb 2010
Prime minister Zoran Milanović 23 December 2011
Cuba Cuba First secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba Raúl Castro 19 Apr 2011
Republic of Cyprus Cyprus President Demetris Christofias 2008
Czech Republic Czech Republic President Václav Klaus [15] 24 Apr 2005
Prime minister Petr Nečas 28 Jun 2010

States – D–F [change]

State Status Name Since
Denmark Denmark Queen Margrethe II 14 Jan 1972
Prime minister Helle Thorning-Schmidt Sep 2011
Djibouti Djibouti President Ismail Omar Guelleh 8 May 1999
Prime minister Dileita Mohamed Dileita 7 Mar 2001
Dominica Dominica President Eliud Williams 17 Sept 2012
Prime minister Roosevelt Skerrit 8 Jan 2004
Dominican Republic Dominican Republic President Danilo Medina 16 Aug 2012
East Timor East Timor President Taur Matan Ruak 20 May 2012
Prime minister Xanana Gusmão [16] 8 Aug 2007
Ecuador Ecuador President Rafael Correa 15 Jan 2007
Egypt Egypt President Mohamed Morsi 30 Jun 2012
Prime minister Hesham Qandil 2 Aug 2012
El Salvador El Salvador President Mauricio Funes 1 Jun 2009
Equatorial Guinea Equatorial Guinea President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo [17] 3 Aug 1979
Prime minister Vicente Ehate Tomi 21 May 2012
Eritrea Eritrea President Isaias Afewerki [18] 29 May 1991
Estonia Estonia President Toomas Hendrik Ilves 9 Oct 2006
Prime minister Andrus Ansip 13 Apr 2005
Ethiopia Ethiopia President Girma Wolde-Giorgis 8 Oct 2001
Prime minister Hailemariam Desalegn‎ 20 Aug 2012
Fiji Fiji President Epeli Nailatikau 30 Jul 2009
Prime minister Frank Bainimarama[19] 5 Jan 2007
Finland Finland President Sauli Niinistö 1 Mar 2012
Prime minister Jyrki Katainen 22 June 2011
France France President François Hollande 15 May 2012
Prime minister Jean-Marc Ayrault 16 May 2012

States – G–H [change]

State Status Name Since
Gabon Gabon President Ali Ben Bongo 2009
Prime minister Raymond Ndong Sima 27 Feb 2012
The Gambia The Gambia President Yahya Jammeh [20] 22 Jul 1994
Georgia (country) Georgia President Mikheil Saakashvili [21] 20 Jan 2008
Prime minister Vano Merabishvili 4 Jul 2012
Germany Germany President Joachim Gauck 18 Mar 2012
Chancellor Angela Merkel 22 Nov 2005
Ghana Ghana President John Dramani Mahama 24 Jul 2012
Greece Greece President Karolos Papoulias 12 Mar 2005
Prime minister Antonis Samaras 20 Jun 2012
Grenada Grenada Queen Elizabeth II 7 Feb 1974
Governor-general Sir Carlyle Glean 27 Nov 2008
Prime minister Tillman Thomas 9 Jul 2008
Guatemala Guatemala President Otto Pérez Molina 14 Jan 2012
Guinea Guinea President Alpha Condé 21 Dec 2010
Prime minister Mohamed Said Fofana 24 Dec 2010
Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau President Manuel Serifo Nhamadjo [22] 11 May 2012
Prime minister Rui Duarte de Barros 16 May 2012
Guyana Guyana President Donald Ramotar 3 Dec 2011
Prime minister Sam Hinds [23] 13 Apr 2007
Haiti Haiti President Michel Martelly 14 May 2011
Prime minister Laurent Lamothe 16 May 2012
Honduras Honduras President Porfirio Lobo Sosa 27 Jan 2010
Hungary Hungary President János Áder 10 May 2012
Prime minister Viktor Orban May 2010

States – I–K [change]

State Status Name Since
Iceland Iceland President Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson 1 Aug 1996
Prime minister Johanna Sigurdardottir 1 Feb 2009
India India President Pranab Mukherjee 25 Jul 2012
Prime minister Manmohan Singh 22 May 2004
Indonesia Indonesia President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono 20 Oct 2004
Iran Iran Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei 25 Jul 2007
President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad 3 Aug 2005
Iraq Iraq President Jalal Talabani 7 Apr 2005
Prime minister Nuri al-Maliki 20 May 2006
Republic of Ireland Ireland President Michael D. Higgins 11 Nov 2011
Prime minister Enda Kenny 9 Mar 2011
Israel Israel President Shimon Peres [24] 15 Jul 2007
Prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu[25] 31 Mar 2009
Italy Italy President Giorgio Napolitano 15 May 2006
President of the Council of Ministers Mario Monti 16 Nov 2011
Jamaica Jamaica Queen Elizabeth II 6 Aug 1962
Governor-general Sir Patrick Allen 26 Feb 2009
Prime minister Portia Simpson-Miller 5 Jan 2012
Japan Japan Emperor Akihito 7 Jan 1989
Prime minister Yoshihiko Noda 2 Sep 2011
Jordan Jordan King Abdullah II 7 Feb 1999
Prime minister Fayez al-Tarawneh 2 May 2012
Kazakhstan Kazakhstan President Nursultan Nazarbayev [26] 24 Apr 1990
Prime minister Karim Masimov 10 Jan 2007
Kenya Kenya President Mwai Kibaki 30 Dec 2002
Kiribati Kiribati President Anote Tong 10 Jul 2003
North Korea North Korea Chairman of the National Defense Commission [27] Kim Jong-un 17 Dec 2011
Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly Kim Yong-nam 5 Sep 1998
Premier Choe Yong-rim 7 Jun 2010
South Korea South Korea President Lee Myung-bak 25 Feb 2008
Prime minister Kim Hwang-sik 1 Oct 2010
Kuwait Kuwait Emir Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah [28] 29 Jan 2006
Prime minister Jaber Al-Mubarak Al-Hamad Al-Sabah 4 Dec 2011
Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan President Almazbek Atambayev 1 Dec 2011
Prime minister Zhantoro Satybaldiyev 5 Sept 2012

States – L [change]

State Status Name Since
Laos Laos General secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party Choummaly Sayasone 21 Mar 2006
President Choummaly Sayasone 8 Jun 2006
Prime Minister Thongsing Thammavong 23 Dec 2010
Latvia Latvia President Andris Bērziņš 8 Jul 2011
Prime minister Valdis Dombrovskis 12 Mar 2009
Lebanon Lebanon President Michel Suleiman 25 May 2008
Prime minister Najib Mikati 13 June 2011
Lesotho Lesotho King Letsie III [29] 7 Feb 1996
Prime minister Tom Thabane 8 Jun 2012
Liberia Liberia President Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf 16 Jan 2006
Libya Libya Governing Council National Transitional Council 20 Oct 2011
Liechtenstein Liechtenstein Sovereign prince Hans-Adam II [30] 13 Nov 1989
Alois (regent) 15 Aug 2004
Prime Minister Klaus Tschütscher 25 Mar 2009
Lithuania Lithuania President Dalia Grybauskaite 12 Jul 2009
Prime minister Andrius Kubilius 9 Dec 2008
Luxembourg Luxembourg Grand Duke Henri [31] 7 Oct 2000
Prime minister Jean-Claude Juncker 20 Jan 1995

States – M [change]

State Status Name Since
Republic of Macedonia Macedonia President Gjorge Ivanov 12 May 2009
Prime minister Nikola Gruevski 27 Aug 2006
Madagascar Madagascar President Andry Rajoelina 17 Mar 2009
Prime minister Omer Beriziky 2 Nov 2011
Malawi Malawi President Joyce Banda 7 Apr 2012
Malaysia Malaysia Paramount ruler Abdul Halim 13 Dec 2011
Prime minister Najib Razak 3 April 2009
Maldives Maldives President Mohammed Waheed Hassan 7 Feb 2012
Mali Mali President Dioncounda Traoré 12 Apr 2012
Prime minister Cheick Modibo Diarra 17 Apr 2012
Malta Malta President George Abela 4 Apr 2009
Prime minister Lawrence Gonzi 23 Mar 2004
Marshall Islands Marshall Islands President Christopher Loeak 10 Jan 2012
Mauritania Mauritania President Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz 5 Aug 2009
Prime minister Moulaye Ould Mohamed Laghdaf 14 Aug 2008
Mauritius Mauritius President Rajkeswur Purryag 21 Jul 2012
Prime minister Navin Ramgoolam [32] 5 Jul 2005
Mexico Mexico President Felipe Calderón 1 Dec 2006
Federated States of Micronesia Federated States of Micronesia President Manny Mori 11 May 2007
Moldova Moldova President Nicolae Timofti 23 Mar 2012
Prime minister Vlad Filat 25 Sep 2009
Monaco Monaco Prince Albert II [33] 6 Apr 2005
Minister of state Michel Roger 29 Mar 2010
Mongolia Mongolia President Nambaryn Enkhbayar 24 Jun 2005
Prime minister Sanj Bayar 22 Nov 2007
Montenegro Montenegro President Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj 18 Jun 2009
Prime minister Norovyn Altankhuyag 10 Aug 2012
Morocco Morocco King Mohammed VI 23 Jul 1999
Prime minister Abdelilah Benkirane 29 Nov 2011
Mozambique Mozambique President Armando Guebuza 2 Feb 2005
Prime minister Aires Ali 16 Jan 2010

States – N–R [change]

State Status Name Since
Namibia Namibia President Hifikepunye Pohamba 21 Mar 2005
Prime minister Nahas Angula 21 Mar 2005
Nauru Nauru President Sprent Dabwido 15 Nov 2011
Nepal Nepal President Ram Baram Yadav 21 Jul 2008
Prime minister Baburam Bhattarai 29 Aug 2011
Netherlands The Netherlands King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands 30 Apr 2013
Prime minister Mark Rutte 14 Oct 2010
New Zealand New Zealand Queen Elizabeth II 6 Feb 1952
Governor-general Sir Jerry Mateparae 31 Aug 2011
Prime minister John Key 19 Nov 2008
Nicaragua Nicaragua President Daniel Ortega [34] 10 Jan 2007
Niger Niger President Mahamadou Issoufou 7 Apr 2011
Prime minister Brigi Rafini 7 Apr 2011
Nigeria Nigeria President Goodluck Jonathan 6 May 2010
Norway Norway King Harald V

[35] || 17 Jan 1991
Prime minister Jens Stoltenberg [36] 7 Jun 2007
Oman Oman Sultan Qabus ibn Sa`id 23 Jul 1970
Prime minister Qabus ibn Sa`id 2 Jan 1972
Pakistan Pakistan President Asif Ali Zardari Sep 2008
Prime minister Raja Pervaiz Ashraf 22 Jun 2012
Palau Palau President Johnson Toribiong 15 Jan 2009
Panama Panama President Ricardo Martinelli 1 Jul 2009
Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea Queen Elizabeth II 16 Sep 1975
Governor-general Sir Michael Ogio 25 Feb 2011
Prime minister Sir Peter O'Neill [37] 2 Aug 2011
Paraguay Paraguay President Federico Franco 22 Jun 2012
Peru Peru President Ollanta Humala 28 Jul 2011
Prime minister Juan Jiménez Mayor 23 Jul 2012
 Philippines President Benigno Aquino III 30 Jun 2010
Poland Poland President Bronislaw Komorowski 7 Aug 2010
Prime minister Donald Tusk 16 Nov 2007
Portugal Portugal President Aníbal Cavaco Silva 9 Mar 2006
Prime minister Pedro Passos Coelho 21 June 2011
Qatar Qatar Emir Sheikh Hamad ibn Khalifah Al Thani 27 Jun 1995
Prime minister Sheikh Hamad ibn Jassim ibn Jabr Al Thani 3 Apr 2007
Romania Romania President Traian Basescu [38] 20 Dec 2004
Prime minister Victor Ponta 7 May 2012
Russia Russia President Vladimir Putin 7 May 2012
Prime minister Dmitry Medvedev 7 May 2012
Rwanda Rwanda President Paul Kagame [39] 24 Mar 2000
Prime minister Pierre Habumuremyi 7 Oct 2011

States – S [change]

State Status Name Since
Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Kitts and Nevis Queen Elizabeth II 19 Sep 1983
Governor-general Sir Cuthbert Sebastian 1 Jan 1996
Prime minister Denzil Douglas 7 Jul 1995
Saint Lucia Saint Lucia Queen Elizabeth II 22 Feb 1979
Governor-general Dame Pearlette Louisy 17 Sep 1997
Prime minister Kenny Anthony 30 Nov 2011
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Queen Elizabeth II 27 Oct 1979
Governor-general Sir Frederick Ballantyne 2 Sep 2002
Prime minister Ralph Gonsalves 29 Mar 2001
Samoa Samoa Head of state Tufuga Efi 11 May 2007
Prime minister Tuilaepa Aiono Sailele Malielegaoi 23 Nov 1998
San Marino San Marino Captains-regent Italo Righi 1 Apr 2012
Maurizio Rattini 1 Apr 2012
São Tomé and Príncipe São Tomé and Príncipe President Manuel Pinto da Costa 3 Sep 2011
Prime minister Patrice Trovoada 14 Aug 2010
Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia King Abdullah[40] 1 Aug 2005
Senegal Senegal President Macky Sall 2 Apr 2012
Prime minister Abdoul Mbaye 5 Apr 2012
Serbia Serbia President Tomislav Nikolić 31 May 2012
Prime minister Ivica Dačić 27 Jul 2012
Seychelles Seychelles President James Michel 14 Apr 2004
Sierra Leone Sierra Leone President Ernest Bai Koroma 17 Sep 2007
Singapore Singapore President Tony Tan Keng Yam 1 Sep 2011
Prime minister Lee Hsien Loong 12 Aug 2004
Slovakia Slovakia President Ivan Gasparovic 15 Jun 2004
Prime minister Robert Fico 4 Apr 2012
Slovenia Slovenia President Danilo Türk 22 Dec 2007
Prime minister Janez Jansa 9 Nov 2004
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands Queen Elizabeth II 7 Jul 1978
Governor-general Sir Frank Kabui 7 Jul 2009
Prime minister Gordon Darcy Lilo 16 Nov 2011
Somalia Somalia President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud 16 Sep 2012
Prime minister Abdiweli Mohamed Ali 19 Jun 2011
South Africa South Africa President Jacob Zuma 9 May 2009
South Sudan South Sudan President Salva Kiir Mayardit 9 July 2011
Spain Spain King Juan Carlos I [41] 22 Nov 1975
Prime minister Mariano Rajoy 21 Dec 2011
Sri Lanka Sri Lanka President Mahinda Rajapakse [42] 19 Nov 2005
Prime minister D. M. Jayaratne 21 Apr 2010
Sudan The Sudan President Omar Hassan Ahmad al-Bashir [43] 30 Jun 1989
Suriname Suriname President Desi Bouterse 12 Aug 2010
Swaziland Swaziland King Mswati III 25 Apr 1986
Prime minister Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini 23 Oct 2008
Sweden Sweden King Carl XVI Gustaf 15 Sep 1973
Prime minister Fredrik Reinfeldt 6 Oct 2006
Switzerland Switzerland President Pascal Couchepin 1 Jan 2008
Syria Syria President Bashar al-Assad 17 Jul 2000
Prime minister Wael Nader Al-Halqi 11 Aug 2012

States – T [change]

State Status Name Since
Republic of China Taiwan President Chen Shui-bian 20 May 2000
President of the Executive Yuan Chang Chun-hsiung [45] 21 May 2007
Tajikistan Tajikistan President Emomalii Rahmon [46] 19 Nov 1992
Prime minister Oqil Oqilov 20 Dec 1999
Tanzania Tanzania President Jakaya Kikwete 21 Dec 2005
Prime minister Mizengo Pinda 9 Feb 2008
Thailand Thailand King Bhumibol Adulyadej 9 Jun 1946
Prime minister Yingluck Shinawatra 5 Aug 2011
Togo Togo President Faure Gnassingbé [47] 4 May 2005
Prime minister Kwesi Ahoomey-Zunu 23 Jul 2012
Tonga Tonga King Tupou VI 18 Mar 2012
Prime minister Sialeʻataongo Tuʻivakanō [48] 22 Dec 2010
Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago President George Maxwell Richards 17 Mar 2003
Prime minister Kamla Persad-Bissessar 26 May 2010
Tunisia Tunisia President Moncef Marzouki 13 Dec 2011
Prime minister Hamadi Jebali 24 Dec 2011
Turkey Turkey President Abdullah Gül 28 Aug 2007
Prime minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan 14 Mar 2003
Turkmenistan Turkmenistan President Gurbanguly Berdymukhammedov [49] 21 Dec 2006
Tuvalu Tuvalu Queen Elizabeth II 1 Oct 1978
Governor-general Sir Iakoba Italeli 16 Apr 2010
Prime minister Willy Telavi 24 Dec 2010

States – U–Z [change]

State Status Name Since
Uganda Uganda President Yoweri Museveni [50] 26 Jan 1986
Prime minister Amama Mbabazi 24 May 2011
Ukraine Ukraine President Viktor Yanukovich 25 Feb 2010
Prime minister Mykola Azarov 11 Mar 2010
United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates President Sheikh Khalifa ibn Zaid Al Nahayan 3 Nov 2004
Prime minister Sheikh Muhammad ibn Rashid Al Maktum 5 Jan 2006
United Kingdom United Kingdom Queen Elizabeth II 6 Feb 1952
Prime minister David Cameron 11 May 2010
United States United States President Barack Obama 20 Jan 2013
Uruguay Uruguay President José Mujica 1 Mar 2010
Uzbekistan Uzbekistan President Islam Karimov [51] 24 Mar 1990
Prime minister Shavkat Mirziyayev 11 Dec 2003
Vanuatu Vanuatu President Iolu Abil 2 Sep 2009
Prime minister Sato Kilman 26 Jun 2011
Vatican City Vatican City (Holy See) Sovereign Benedictus XVI 19 Apr 2005
Secretary of state Tarcisio Cardinal Bertone 15 Sep 2006
Venezuela Venezuela President Hugo Chávez [52] 14 Apr 2002
Executive vice-president Ramón Carrizalez 6 Jan 2008
Vietnam Vietnam General secretary of the Communist Party Nguyen Phu Trong 10 Jan 2011
President Truong Tan Sang 25 July 2011
Prime minister Nguyen Tan Dung 27 Jun 2006
Yemen Yemen President Abd Rabbuh Mansur Al-Hadi 23 Nov 2011
Prime minister Mohammed Basindawa 10 Dec 2011
Zambia Zambia President Michael Sata 23 Sep 2011
Zimbabwe Zimbabwe President Robert Mugabe [53] 31 Dec 1987

Quasi states [change]

State Status Name Since
Kosovo Kosovo Prefect of Kosovo district Srdjan Vasic 28 Sep 2004
Administrator [54] Joachim Rücker (Germany) 1 Sep 2006
President Atifete Jahjaga 7 Apr 2011
Prime minister Hashim Thaçi 9 Jan 2008
Sovereign Military Order of Malta Sovereign Military Order of Malta [55] Grand master Fra' Giacomo Dalla Torre (acting) 7 Feb 2008
Grand chancellor Jean-Pierre Mazery [56] 3 Nov 2004
Palestinian territories Palestine [57] President Mahmoud Abbas 15 Jan 2005
Prime minister Salam Fayyad [58] 17 Jun 2007
Western Sahara Western Sahara [59] President Mohamed Abdelaziz [60] 30 Aug 1976
Prime minister Abdelkader Taleb Oumar 29 Oct 2003

De facto independent states [change]

State Status Name Since
Abkhazia Abkhazia President Sergey Bagapsh 12 Feb 2005
Prime minister Aleksandr Ankvab 14 Feb 2005
Transnistria Transnistria President Igor Smirnov [61] 2 Sep 1990
Nagorno-Karabakh Republic Nagorno-Karabakh President Bako Sahakyan 7 Sep 2007
Prime minister Araik Arutyunyan 14 Sep 2007
Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus North Cyprus President Derviş Eroğlu [62] 23 Apr 2010
Prime minister İrsen Küçük 17 May 2010
Somaliland Somaliland President Dahir Riyale Kahin 3 May 2002
South Ossetia South Ossetia President Eduard Kokoyty 18 Dec 2001
Prime minister Yury Morozov 5 Jul 2005

Govenments in exile/alternative governments [change]

State Status Name Since
Abkhazia Abkhazia [63] Chairman of the Supreme Council Temur Mzhavia 16 Mar 2004
Prime minister Malkhaz Akishbaya 21 Mar 2006
Belarus Belarus Chairman of the Rada Ivonka Survilla 1997
Estonia Republic of Estonia in exile Prime minister acting as president Kalev Ots [64] 28 Nov 2003
Acting prime minister Ahti Mänd 7 Dec 2003
Chechen Republic of Ichkeria Chechnya Emir Doku Umarov [65] 7 Oct 2007
South Moluccas South Moluccas President Frans L.J. Tutuhatunewa [66] 10 Apr 1993
South Ossetia South Ossetia [67] President Dmitry Sanakoyev 1 Dec 2006
Prime minister Uruzmag Karkusov 7 Dec 2006
Tibet Tibet Dalai Lama Tenzin Gyatso [68] 25 Aug 1939
Chairman of the Cabinet Samdhong Rinpoche 5 Sep 2001

Notes [change]

  1. ↑ Chairman of the Interim Administration to 19 Jun 2002.
  2. ↑ Previously president from 9 Apr 1992 to 24 Jul 1997.
  3. ↑ Acting to 21 Sep 1979.
  4. ↑ Acting to 9 Apr 1998.
  5. ↑ In Azeri, "İlham Əliyev".
  6. ↑ In Azeri, "Artur Rasizadə". Acting for Aliyev to 4 Nov 2003. Previously prime minister from 20 Jul 1996 to 4 Aug 2003 (acting to 26 Nov 1996)
  7. ↑ Previously from 21 Aug 1992 to 3 May 2002.
  8. ↑ Emir from 6 Mar 1999 to 14 Feb 2002.
  9. ↑ President of the State Council to 16 Aug 1971.
  10. ↑ President of Popular Front (from 31 Oct 1987 also Head of State) to 24 Dec 1991.
  11. ↑ President to 15 Nov 1997.
  12. ↑ Prime minister to 2 Jul 1993, coequal prime minister from 2 Jul 1993 to 21 Sep 1993, second prime minister from 21 Sep 1993 to 30 Nov 1998.
  13. ↑ From 26 Jan 2006, Idriss Déby Itno. President of Patriotic Salvation Movement 2–4 Dec 1990, Head of State 4 Dec 1990 – 4 Mar 1991).
  14. ↑ Interim to 26 Jan 2001.
  15. ↑ Previously acting president (1 Jan – 2 Feb 1993).
  16. ↑ Previously president from 20 May 2002 to 20 May 2007.
  17. ↑ Chairman Revolutionary Military Council to 25 Aug 1979, chairman Supreme Military Council 25 Aug 1979 – 12 Oct 1982.
  18. ↑ Secretary-general of the Provisional Government to 24 May 1993.
  19. ↑ Acting
  20. ↑ Chairman Armed Forces Provisional Ruling Council to 28 Sep 1996; Head of State to 18 Oct 1996.
  21. ↑ Previously from 25 Jan 2004 to 25 Nov 2007.
  22. ↑ Acting.
  23. ↑ Previously president from 6 Mar 1997 to 19 Dec 1997, and prime minister from 9 Oct 1992 to 17 Mar 1997 and from 22 Dec 1997 to 9 Aug 1999.
  24. ↑ Previously prime minister from 22 Apr 1977 to 21 Jun 1977 (acting), from 14 Sep 1984 to 20 Oct 1986, and from 4 Nov 1995 to 18 Jun 1996 (acting to 22 Nov 1995).
  25. ↑ Previously prime minister, 18 June 1996 – 6 July 1999
  26. ↑ Previously first secretary of the Communist Party of the Kazakh S.S.R. (22 Jun 1989 – 28 Aug 1991), Chairman of the Supreme Soviet (22 Feb 1990 – 24 Apr 1990), chairman of the Council of Ministers (27 Jul 1989 – 14 Oct 1991).
  27. ↑ Declared "the highest post of the state" 5 Sep 1998.
  28. ↑ Prime minister from 13 Jul 2003 to 7 Feb 2006.
  29. ↑ Previously from 12 Nov 1990 to 25 Jan 1995.
  30. ↑ Regent from 26 Aug 1984 to 13 Nov 1989.
  31. ↑ Regent from 3 Mar 1998 to 7 Oct 2000.
  32. ↑ Previously from 22 Dec 1995 – 17 Sep 2000.
  33. ↑ Regent from 31 Mar 2005 to 6 Apr 2005.
  34. ↑ Previously member of the Government Junta of National Reconstruction (18 Jul 1979 – 10 Jan 1985 ; coordinator from 4 Mar 1981) and president from 10 Jan 1985 to 25 Apr 1990.
  35. ↑ Crown Prince Haakon regent from 25 Nov 2003 to 13 Apr 2004 and from 29 Mar 2005 to 7 Jun 2005.
  36. ↑ Previously from 17 Mar 2000 to 19 Oct 2001.
  37. ↑ Previously prime minister from 27 Apr 1972 to 11 Mar 1980 (chief minister to 16 sep 1975) and from 2 Aug 1982 to 21 Nov 1985.
  38. ↑ From 20 Apr to 23 May 2007, Nicolae Vacaroiu is acting for suspended Basescu.
  39. ↑ Acting to 22 Apr 2000.
  40. ↑ Previously regent (1 Jan – 21 Feb 1996).
  41. ↑ Previously acting head of state (19 Jul – 2 Sep 1974 and 30 Oct – 20 Nov 1975).
  42. ↑ Previously prime minister from 6 Apr 2004 to 21 Nov 2005.
  43. ↑ President of Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation to 16 Oct 1993.
  44. ↑ The seven member Swiss Federal Council is the collective Head of State and the government of the Swiss Confederation. Within the Council, the President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
  45. ↑ Previously from 6 Oct 2000 to 1 Feb 2002.
  46. ↑ Acting to 27 Nov 1992; chairman Supreme Council 27 Nov 1992 – 16 Nov 1994.
  47. ↑ Previously from 5 to 25 Feb 2005 (acting to 21)
  48. ↑ Acting to 22 Dec 2010.
  49. ↑ Acting to 14 Feb 2007.
  50. ↑ Commander National Resistance Army to 29 Jan 1986.
  51. ↑ Previously first secretary of the Communist Party of the Uzbek S.S.R. (23 Jun 1989 – 3 Nov 1991).
  52. ↑ Previously from 2 Feb 1999 to 12 Apr 2002.
  53. ↑ Previously prime minister (18 Apr 1980 – 31 Dec 1987).
  54. ↑ Head of United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo.
  55. ↑ Though without a territory since 1798, the Sovereign Military Order of Malta still regards itself, and is regarded by several states that give it diplomatic recognition, as a sovereign state.
  56. ↑ Acting to 16 Apr 2005.
  57. ↑ Palestinian Authority created to administer most of Gaza Strip and parts of West Bank (Jericho area handed over 13 May 1994, Gaza Strip 18 May 1994, Jenin 13 Nov 1995, Tulkarem 10 Dec 1995, Nablus 11 Dec 1995, Qalqilya 16 Dec 1995, Bethlehem 21 Dec 1995, Ramallah 27 Dec 1995, 80% of Hebron 17 Jan 1997).
  58. ↑ Ismail Haniya, prime minister from 29 Mar 2006 to 14 Jun 2007, continues in rebellion in Gaza.
  59. ↑ The Saharan Arab Democratic Republic is currently recognized by about 60 countries. Morocco retains de facto control..
  60. ↑ Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council to 16 Oct 1982).
  61. ↑ From 2 Sep 1990 to 1 Dec 1991, chairman of the (to 29 Nov 1990, Provisional) Supreme Soviet; from Dec 1990 chairman of the republic.
  62. ↑ Previously prime minister from 13 Jan 2004 to 26 Apr 2005.
  63. ↑ Pro-Georgian government (in Tbilisi).
  64. ↑ Previously acting prime minister from 15 Sep 1992 to 28 Nov 2003.
  65. ↑ Previously president from 17 Jun 2006 to 7 Oct 2007.
  66. ↑ In Netherlands exile.
  67. ↑ Alternative government.
  68. ↑ 14th Dalai Lama. From 31 Mar 1959 in exile (from 1 May 1960 in Dharamsala, India).

References [change]

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