July 24
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
July 24 is the 205th day of the year (206th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 160 days remaining until the end of the year.
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Events [change]
- 1245 – Pope Innocent IV forces King Sancho II of Portugal out, and replaces him with Afonso III of Portugal.
- 1148 – Louis VII of France lays siege to Damascus during the Second Crusade.
- 1411 – The Battle of Harlaw, one of the bloodiest in Scotland, takes place.
- 1487 – Citizens of Leeuwarden, the Netherlands, strike against a ban on foreign beer.
- 1534 – Jacques Cartier plants a cross on the Gaspe peninsula in present-day Quebec, taking possession of the territory and naming it after Francis I of France.
- 1567 – Mary, Queen of Scots, is deposed and replaced by her 1 year old son King King James VI.
- 1701 – Detroit, Michigan is founded.
- 1814 – War of 1812: General Phineas Riall advances toward Niagara to halt Jacob Brown's American invaders.
- 1823 – Chile abolishes Slavery.
- 1832 – Benjamin Bonneville leads the first wagon train across the Rocky Mountains by using Wyoming's South Pass.
- 1847 – After 17 months of travel, Brigham Young leads 148 Mormon pioneers into Salt Lake Valley, resulting in the establishment of Salt Lake City.
- 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Kernstown – Confederate General Jubal Early defeats Union troops led by General George Crook in an effort to keep Yankees out of the Shenandoah Valley.
- 1866 – Reconstruction: Tennessee becomes the first U.S. state to be readmitted to the Union following the American Civil War.
- 1901 – O. Henry is released from prison in Austin, Texas after serving three years for embezzlement from a bank.
- 1910 – James MacGillivray publishes first account of Paul Bunyan in the Detroit News.
- 1911 – Hiram Bingham III re-discovers Machu Picchu "the Lost City of the Incas".
- 1915 – Passenger ship Eastland capsizes in central Chicago, with the loss of 845 lives.
- 1923 – The Treaty of Lausanne, settling the boundaries of modern Turkey, is signed in Switzerland by Greece, Bulgaria and other countries that fought in the First World War.
- 1927 – The Menin Gate war memorial is unveiled at Ypres.
- 1929 – The Kellogg-Briand Pact, renouncing war as an instrument of foreign policy, goes into effect (it was first signed in Paris on August 27, 1928 by most leading world powers).
- 1931 – A fire at a home for aged people in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania kills 48 people.
- 1935 – The dust bowl heat wave reaches its peak, sending temperatures to 109°F (44°C) in Chicago and 104°F (40°C) in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
- 1937 – Alabama drops rape charges against the so-called "Scottsboro Boys."
- 1938 – The first successful climb of the Eiger North Face is made.
- 1943 – World War II: Operation Gomorrah begins: British and Canadian aeroplanes bomb Hamburg by night, those of the Americans by day. By the end of the operation in November, 9,000 tons of explosives will have killed more than 30,000 people and destroyed 280,000 buildings.
- 1950 – Bumper 8 becomes the first aircraft to be launched from Cape Canaveral in Florida.
- 1956 – At New York City's Copacabana Club, Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis perform their last comedy show together which started on July 25, 1946, almost exactly ten years earlier.
- 1959 – At the opening of the American National Exhibition in Moscow, US vice-president Richard Nixon and Nikita Khrushchev have a "kitchen debate."
- 1965 – Vietnam War: Four F-4C Phantoms escorting a bombing raid at Kang Chi are the targets of anti-aircraft missiles in the first such attack against American planes in the war. One is shot down and the other three sustain damage.
- 1967 – During an official state visit to Canada, French President Charles de Gaulle declares to a crowd of over 100,000 in Montreal: Vive le Québec libre! (Long live free Quebec!). The statement, interpreted as support for Quebec independence, delighted many Quebecers but angered the Canadian government and many English Canadians.
- 1969 – Apollo program: Apollo 11 splashes down safely in the Pacific Ocean.
- 1974 – Watergate scandal: The United States Supreme Court unanimously rule that President Richard Nixon did not have the authority to withhold subpoenaed White House tapes and they order him to surrender the tapes to the Watergate special prosecutor.
- 1974 – Konstantinos Karamanlis arrives in Greece, following the collapse of the military junta.
- 1983 – George Brett, batting for the Kansas City Royals against the New York Yankees, has a game-winning home run nullified in the "Pine Tar Incident".
- 1990 – Iraqi forces start massing on the Kuwaiti border, preparing for the invasion on August 2.
- 1998 – Russel Eugene Weston Jr. bursts into the United States Capitol and opens fire killing two police officers. He is later ruled to be incompetent to stand trial.
- 2001 – Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, the last Tsar of Bulgaria when he was a child, is sworn in as Prime Minister of Bulgaria, and became the only monarch in history to regain political power through democratic election to a different office. He becomes Prime Minister under the name Simeon Saksburggotsky.
- 2001 – The Taiwan Solidarity Union is established.
- 2002 – James Traficant is expelled from the United States House of Representatives on a vote of 420 to 1.
- 2002 – Alfred Moisiu becomes President of Albania.
- 2005 – Lance Armstrong wins the Tour de France for seventh consecutive year.
- 2010 – Love Parade disaster: At a stampede at a music festival in Duisburg, Germany, 19 people are crushed to death. 2 later die in hospital, as a result of their injuries.
- 2010 – Over 80,000 people record their lives for the YouTube documentary A Life in a Day.
- 2012 – President of Ghana John Atta Mills dies aged 68. His Vice President John Dramani Mahama is sworn in as President later the same day.
Births [change]
- 923 – Suzaku, Emperor of Japan (d. 952)
- 1720 – Louisa Ulrika of Prussia, Prussian princess and Queen of Sweden (d. 1782)
- 1725 – John Newton cleric and hymnist (d. 1807)
- 1740 – Juan Ignacio Molina, Chilean naturalist (d. 1829)
- 1757 – Vladimir Borovikovski, Russian painter (d. 1825)
- 1783 – Simón Bolívar, South American liberator (d. 1830)
- 1786 – Joseph Nicollet, mathematician and explorer (d. 1843)
- 1802 – Alexandre Dumas, père, French writer (d. 1870)
- 1803 – Adolphe Charles Adam, French composer (d. 1956)
- 1826 – Ivan Bloch, Polish banker (d. 1902)
- 1847 – Margarete Steiff, German seamstress, known for Steiff stuffed toys (d. 1909)
- 1851 – Friedrich Schottky, German mathematician (d. 1935)
- 1853 – William Gillette, actor and author (d. 1937)
- 1857 – Henrik Pontoppidan, Danish writer (d. 1943)
- 1857 – Juan Vicente Gomez, Venezuelan officer, politician and dictator (d. 1935)
- 1860 – Alphonse Mucha, Czech artist (d. 1939)
- 1864 – Frank Wedekind, German writer (d. 1918)
- 1878 – Lord Dunsany, writer (d. 1957)
- 1880 – Ernest Bloch, Swiss composer (d. 1959)
- 1886 – Jun'ichiro Tanizaki, Japanese writer (d. 1965)
- 1895 – Robert Graves, English author (d. 1985)
- 1896 – Hermann Kasack, writer (d. 1966)
- 1897 – Amelia Earhart, American aviator (d. 1937 (disappeared))
- 1899 – Chief Dan George, Native American actor (d. 1981)
- 1900 – Zelda Fitzgerald, American artist (d. 1948)
- 1908 – Cootie Williams, trumpeter (d. 1985)
- 1914 – Edwin Mirvish, retailer and impresario (d. 2007)
- 1916 – John D. MacDonald, novelist, (d. 1986)
- 1917 – Robert Farnon, conductor, composer and arranger (d. 2005)
- 1918 – Ruggiero Ricci, American violinist
- 1920 – Bella Abzug, American politician and activist (d. 1998)
- 1920 – Constance Dowling, American actress (d. 1969)
- 1921 – Giuseppe Di Stefano, Italian tenor (d. 2008)
- 1926 – Hans Günter Winkler, German equestrian jumper
- 1929 – Peter Yates, British movie director (d. 2011)
- 1930 – Keshubhai Patel, Indian politician, former Chief Minister of Gujarat
- 1931 – Ermanno Olmi, Italian director
- 1933 – Doug Sanders, American golfer
- 1934 – Rudy Collins, American drummer (Dizzy Gillespie Quintet)
- 1935 – Pat Oliphant, Australian political cartoonist
- 1936 – Ruth Buzzi, comedienne
- 1940 – Stanley Hauerwas, Christian theologian
- 1942 – Chris Sarandon, American actor
- 1944 – Jan-Carl Raspe, German Red Army Faction militant (d. 1977)
- 1945 – Azim Premji, businessman
- 1947 – Robert Hays, actor
- 1947 – Peter Serkin, American pianist
- 1949 – Michael Richards, comedian
- 1949 – Joan Enric Vives Sicilia, Catalan bishop and co-Prince of Andorra
- 1951 – Lynda Carter, American actress
- 1951 – Chris Smith, British politician
- 1952 – Gus Van Sant, movie director
- 1953 – Claire McCaskill, American politician, United States Senator for Missouri
- 1956 – Charlie Crist, American politician, 44th Governor of Florida, 2007 – 2011
- 1957 – Pam Tillis, American country music singer
- 1958 – Konrad Graber, Swiss Federal Councillor
- 1963 – Karl Malone, American basketball player
- 1964 – Pedro Passos Coelho, Prime Minister of Portugal
- 1964 – Barry Bonds, American Major League Baseball player
- 1965 – Kadeem Hardison, actor
- 1966 – Martin Keown, English footballer
- 1966 – Hilarion, Russian writer and theologian
- 1968 – Laura Leighton, American actress
- 1969 – Rick Fox, American basketball Player
- 1969 – Jennifer Lopez, American actress and singer
- 1971 – Dino Baggio, Italian footballer
- 1977 – Danny Dyer, British actor
- 1977 – Mehdi Mahdavikia, Iranian footballer
- 1979 – Rose Byrne, Australian actress
- 1981 – Gauge, actress
- 1982 – Elisabeth Moss, American actress
- 1982 – Anna Paquin, Canadian-born actress
- 1983 – Daniele De Rossi, Italian footballer
- 1990 – Daveigh Chase, American actress
- 1998 – Bindi Irwin, daughter of Steve Irwin
Deaths [change]
- 1115 – Matilda, Countess of Tuscany (b. 1046)
- 1129 – Shirakawa, Emperor of Japan (b. 1053)
- 1568 – Carlos, Prince of Asturias, son of Philip II of Spain (b. 1545)
- 1862 – Martin Van Buren, 8th President of the United States (b. 1782)
- 1883 – Matthew Webb, British swimmer (b. 1848)
- 1906 – Ferdinand von Saar, Austrian writer, dramatist and poet (b. 1833)
- 1920 – Ludwig Ganghofer, German writer (b. 1855)
- 1927 – Ryunosuke Akutagawa, Japanese writer (b. 1892)
- 1965 – Constance Bennett, American actress (b. 1904)
- 1969 – Witold Gombrowicz, Polish novelist and dramatist (b. 1904)
- 1970 – Beatrice Roberts, American actress (b. 1901)
- 1973 – Konstantinos Dovas, Greek general and Prime Minister (b. 1898)
- 1974 – James Chadwick, British physicist (b. 1891)
- 1980 – Peter Sellers, British actor (b. 1925)
- 1986 – Fritz Albert Lipmann, American biochemist (b. 1899)
- 1991 – Isaac Bashevis Singer, author, received Nobel Prize in Literature in 1978 (b. 1902)
- 1992 – Arletty, French singer and actress (b. 1898)
- 1995 – Marjorie Cameron, American writer, painter, actress and occultist (b. 1922)
- 1996 – Mohammed Farah Aidid, Somali warlord
- 1997 – William J. Brennan, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (b. 1906)
- 1997 – Saw Maung, Burmese dictator (b. 1928)
- 2005 – Richard Doll, British epidemiologist (b. 1912)
- 2010 – Alex Higgins, Northern Irish snooker player (b. 1949)
- 2010 – Theo Albrecht, German businessman (Aldi Nord) (b. 1922)
- 2011 – Virgilio Noe, Italian cardinal (b. 1922)
- 2011 – Dan Peek, American singer (b. 1951)
- 2012 – John Atta Mills, President of Ghana (b. 1944)
- 2012 – Sherman Hemsley, American actor (b. 1938)
- 2012 – Chad Everett, American actor (b. 1936)
Holidays and observances [change]
- Ecuador, Bolivia, Venezuela – Simón Bolívar Day
- Utah – Pioneer Day (1847)
- Vanuatu – Children's Day
- Venezuela – Birth of the Libertador (Simón Bolívar Day)
- Ancient Latvia – Jekaupa Diena held
