October 21
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
October 21 is the 294th day of the year (295th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 71 days remaining until the end of the year.
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Births [change]
- 1449 – George, Duke of Clarence (d. 1478)
- 1581 – Domenico Zampieri, Italian painter (d. 1641)
- 1660 – Georg Ernst Stahl, German scientist (d. 1734)
- 1671 – King Frederick IV of Demmark (d. 1730)
- 1672 - Ludovico Antonio Muratori, Italian writer (d. 1750)
- 1675 – Emperor Higashiyama of Japan (d. 1710)
- 1687 – Nicolaus I Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician (d. 1759)
- 1762 - Herman Willem Daendels, Dutch statesman (d. 1818)
- 1772 – Samuel Taylor Coleridge, British poet (d. 1834)
- 1775 - Giuseppe Baini, Italian composer (d. 1844)
- 1790 - Alphonse de Lamartine, French writer (d. 1869)
- 1833 – Alfred Nobel, Swedish inventor (d. 1896)
- 1839 - Georg von Siemens, German banker and politician (d. 1901)
- 1845 – Will Carleton, American poet (d. 1912)
- 1847 – Giuseppe Giacosa, Italian writer (d. 1906)
- 1874 - Henri Guisan, Swiss general (d. 1960)
- 1884 - Claire Waldoff, German singer and entertainer (d. 1957)
- 1886 – Eugene Burton Ely, American aviator (d. 1911)
- 1886 - Karl Polanyi, Austro-Hungarian economist (d. 1964)
- 1887 - James L. McConaughy, Governor of Connecticut (d. 1948)
- 1892 – Otto Nerz, German footballer and coach (d. 1949)
- 1894 - Edogawa Rampo, Japanese author and critic (d. 1965)
- 1895 - Edna Purviance, American actress (d. 1958)
- 1896 - Evgeny Schwarz, Russian film writer (d. 1958)
- 1907 - Nikos Engonopoulos, Greek painter and poet (d. 1985)
- 1911 – Mary Blair, American artist and illustrator (d. 1978)
- 1912 – Georg Solti, Hungarian conductor (d. 1997)
- 1914 – Kazimierz Swiatek, Roman Catholic cardinal of Belarus (d. 2011)
- 1914 – Martin Gardner, American writer (d. 2010)
- 1917 – Dizzy Gillespie, American musician (d. 1993)
- 1918 - Hulett C. Smith, Governor of West Virginia (d. 2012)
- 1921 – Malcolm Arnold, British composer (d. 2006)
- 1921 - Sena Jurinac, Bosnian operatic soprano (d. 2011)
- 1922 – Liliane Bettencourt, French L'Oreal heiress
- 1925 – Celia Cruz, Cuban Salsa singer (d. 2003)
- 1926 – Leonard Rossiter, British comedian and actor (d. 1984)
- 1926 - William Love Waller, Governor of Mississippi (d. 2011)
- 1927 – Fritz Wintersteller, Austrian mountaineer
- 1928 - Vern Mikkelsen, American basketball player
- 1930 - Ivan Stepanovich Silayev, Soviet Prime Minister
- 1931 – Shammi Kapoor, Indian actor (d. 2011)
- 1933 - Georgia Brown, American actress (d. 1992)
- 1937 - Said Afandi al-Chirkawi, Russian spiritual leader (d. 2012)
- 1940 – Geoff Boycott, English cricketer
- 1940 – Manfred Mann, South African-English musician
- 1940 - Marita Petersen, Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands (d. 2001)
- 1941 – Steve Cropper, American musician and songwriter
- 1942 – Christopher A. Sims, American economist
- 1942 - Judith Sheindlin, American judge (Judge Judy)
- 1943 – Tariq Ali, Pakistani author and historian
- 1945 - Nikita Mikhalkov, Soviet-Russian film director
- 1946 – Lux Interior, American singer (d. 2009)
- 1948 - Tom Everett, American actor
- 1949 – Benjamin Netanyahu, Israeli politician and Prime Minister
- 1949 - LeTanya Richardson, American actress
- 1949 - Mike Keenan, Canadian ice hockey coach
- 1952 - Trevor Chappell, Australian cricketer
- 1952 – Brent Mydland, American keyboardist (d. 1990)
- 1952 - Patti Davis, American actress and novelist, daughter of Ronald Reagan
- 1953 – Peter Mandelson, British politician
- 1954 - Brian Tobin, Canadian politician
- 1956 – Carrie Fisher, American actress
- 1957 - Steve Lukather, American guitarist and singer (Toto)
- 1957 – Wolfgang Ketterle, German physicist
- 1958 - Andre Geim, Russian-born physicist
- 1959 – Ken Watanabe, Japanese actor
- 1964 – Jon Carin, American musician
- 1965 – Ion Andoni Goikoetxea, Basque-Spanish footballer
- 1967 – Paul Ince, English footballer
- 1969 – Salman bin Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, crown prince of Bahrain
- 1971 – Jade Jagger, socialite and jewellery designer
- 1980 – Kim Kardashian, American socialite, model and reality television personality
- 1981 – Nemanja Vidic, Serbian footballer
- 1981 - Martin Castrogiovanni, Argentine-born Italian rugby player
- 1983 – Hrvoje Custic, Croatian footballer (d. 2008)
- 1983 - Amber Rose, American model
- 1983 - Charlotte Sullivan, Canadian actress
- 1984 – Kieran Richardson, English footballer
- 1986 – Natalee Holloway, American teenager (missing since 2005)
- 1990 – Ricky Rubio, Spanish basketball player
- 1992 – Bernard Tomic, Australian tennis player
Deaths [change]
- 310 – Pope Eusebius
- 1125 - Cosmas of Prague, Bohemian writer
- 1266 – Birger Jarl, Swedish statesman (b. 1210)
- 1422 – King Charles VI of France (b. 1368)
- 1500 - Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado of Japan (b. 1442)
- 1558 – Julius Caesar Scaliger, humanist scholar (b. 1484)
- 1623 - William Wade, English statesman and diplomat (b. 1546)
- 1687 – Sir Edmund Waller, English poet (b. 1606)
- 1708 - Guru Gobind Singh, 10th Sikh Guru (b. 1666)
- 1765 – Giovani Paolo Panini, Italian painter and architect (b. 1691)
- 1775 – Peyton Randolph, American politician, President of the Continental Congress (b. 1721)
- 1805 - Killed in the Battle of Trafalgar:
- Horatio Nelson, British admiral (b. 1758)
- George Duff, Royal Navy captain (b. 1764)
- John Cooke, Royal Navy captain (b. 1763)
- 1818 – Michael Howe, bushranger in Tasmania, Australia
- 1872 - Jacques Babinet, French physicist (b. 1794)
- 1873 – Johann Sebastian Welhaven, Norwegian poet (b. 1807)
- 1896 – James Henry Greathead, British engineer (b. 1844)
- 1904 - Isabelle Eberhardt, Swiss explorer and writer (b. 1877)
- 1916 - Count Kalr von Stuergkh, Austrian politician (b. 1859)
- 1931 – Arthur Schnitzler, Austrian writer (b. 1862)
- 1940 - William G. Conley, Governor of West Virginia (b. 1866)
- 1944 – Alois Kayser, German missionary, working in Nauru
- 1952 - Hans Merensky, South African geologist and philanthropist (b. 1871)
- 1969 – Waclaw Sierpinski, Polish mathematician (b. 1882)
- 1969 – Jack Kerouac, American beat novelist (b. 1922)
- 1975 – Charles Reidpath, American athlete (b. 1887)
- 1978 – Anastas Mikoyan, Soviet politician (b. 1895)
- 1980 – Hans Asperger, Austrian psychologist who discovered Asperger's Syndrome (b. 1906).
- 1984 – François Truffaut, French film director (b. 1932)
- 1985 - Dan White, American politician (b. 1946)
- 1986 – Lionel Murphy, Australian Labor Party politician and High Court judge (b. 1922)
- 1993 – Melchior Ndadaye, President of Burundi (b. 1953)
- 1995 – Shannon Hoon, lead singer of pop band Blind Melon (b. 1967)
- 1995 - Maxene Andrews, American singer (b. 1916)
- 1995 – Jesús Blasco, Spanish comic book author (b. 1919)
- 1996 - Georgios Zoitakis, Greek army general and regent (b. 1910)
- 1998 - Francis W. Sargent, Governor of Massachusetts (b. 1915)
- 1999 – Lars Bo, Danish artist and writer (b. 1924)
- 2003 – Fred Berry, American actor (b. 1951)
- 2003 – Luis A. Ferré, former governor of Puerto Rico (b. 1904)
- 2003 – Louise Day Hicks, US politician (b. 1916)
- 2003 – Elliott Smith, American musician (b. 1969)
- 2006 – Sandy West, American musician (b. 1959)
- 2010 – Loki Schmidt, German environmentalist and wife of Helmut Schmidt (b. 1919)
- 2011 - Edmundo Ros, Trinidadian musician (b. 1910)
- 2012 - George McGovern, American politician (b. 1922)
- 2012 - Yash Chopra, Indian film director, screenwriter and producer (b. 1932)
Events [change]
- 686 – Conon becomes Pope.
- 1097 - First Crusade: The Siege of Antioch begins.
- 1392 - Emperor Kameyama of Japan abdicates the throne in favour of his arch-rival Emperor Go-Komatsu.
- 1520 - Ferdinand Magellan enters what is now known as the Magellan Strait.
- 1600 – Tokugawa Ieyasu defeats the leaders of rival Japanese clans in the Battle of Sekigahara, which marks the beginning of the Tokugawa shogunate, who in effect rule Japan until the mid-Nineteenth century.
- 1797 – In Boston Harbor, the 44-gun United States Navy frigate USS Constitution is launched.
- 1805 – Napoleonic Wars: Battle of Trafalgar – a British fleet led by Admiral Lord Nelson defeats a combined French and Spanish fleet off the coast of Spain under Admiral Villeneuve. It signalled the virtual end of French maritime power and left Britain navally unchallenged until the twentieth century.
- 1805 – Napoleonic Wars: Austrian General Mack surrendurs his army to the Grand Armee of Napoleon at Ulm, reaping Napoleon over 30,000 prisoners and inflicting 10,000 casualties on the losers. Ulm was considered to be one of Napoleon's finest hours.
- 1816 - The Penang Free School is founded in George Town, Malaysia. It is the oldest English language school in Southeast Asia.
- 1824 – Joseph Aspdin patents Portland cement.
- 1854 – Florence Nightingale and a staff of 38 nurses were sent to the Crimean War.
- 1861 – American Civil War: Battle of Ball's Bluff – Union forces under Colonel Edward Baker are defeated by Confederate troops in the second major battle of the war. Baker, a close friend of Abraham Lincoln, is killed in the fighting.
- 1867 – Manifest Destiny: Medicine Lodge Treaty – Near Medicine Lodge Creek, Kansas a landmark treaty is signed by southern Great Plains Indian leaders. The treaty requires Native American Plains tribes to relocate a reservation in western Oklahoma.
- 1879 – Using a filament of carbonized thread, Thomas Edison tests the first practical electric light bulb (it lasted 13 1/2 hours before burning out).
- 1895 – The Republic of Taiwan collapses as Japanese forces invade.
- 1902 – In the United States, a five month strike by United Mine Workers ends.
- 1907 - A magnitude 8.1 earthquake hits Central Asia, killing 12,000.
- 1910 - HMS Niobe arrives at Halifax Harbour, Nova Scotia to become the first ship of the Royal Canadian Navy.
- 1921 – President Warren G. Harding delivers the first speech by a sitting President against lynching in the deep south.
- 1930 - A mining disaster at Alsdorf, near Aachen, Germany, kills 271 people.
- 1934 – Mao Tse-tung and his followers begin the Long March.
- 1941 – World War II: Germans rampage in Yugoslavia, killing thousands of civilians.
- 1944 – The first kamikaze attack: HMAS Australia was hit by a Japanese plane carrying a 200 kg (441 pound) bomb off Leyte Island, as the Battle of Leyte Gulf began.
- 1944 - World War II: Aachen becomes the first major German city to fall to the Allies.
- 1945 – Women's suffrage: Women are allowed to vote in France for the first time.
- 1945 – Argentine military officer and politician Juan Perón married actress Evita.
- 1947 – 21 die as a fire destroys an asylum in Hoff, Germany.
- 1948 - A Lockheed Constellation airplane crashes at Prestwick, Scotland, killing 39 people.
- 1957 – The movie Jailhouse Rock, starring Elvis Presley, opens.
- 1959 – In New York City, the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum opens to the public. It was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright.
- 1959 – US President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs an executive order transferring Wernher von Braun and other German scientists from the United States Army to NASA.
- 1962 - Norwegian postal ship Sanct Svithun sinks, killing 41.
- 1966 – Aberfan disaster: A coal tip falls on the village of Aberfan in Wales, killing 144 people, mostly schoolchildren
- 1967 – Vietnam War: More than 100,000 war protesters gather in Washington, DC. A peaceful rally at the Lincoln Memorial is followed by a march to The Pentagon and clashes with soldiers and United States Marshals protecting the facility (event lasts until October 23; 683 people will be arrested). Similar demonstrations occurred simultaneously in Japan and Western Europe.
- 1969 - Willy Brandt is elected Chancellor of Germany.
- 1971 - 22 people are killed in a gas explosion at a shopping centre in Clarkston, East Renfrewshire, near Glasgow, Scotland.
- 1973 – John Paul Getty III's ear is cut off by his kidnappers and sent to a newspaper in Rome; it does not arrive until November 8.
- 1980 – 1980 World Series: In 6 games, the Philadelphia Phillies win their first World Series.
- 1986 – In Lebanon, pro-Iranian kidnappers claim to have abducted American writer Edward Tracy (he will be released in August 1991).
- 1987 – Former Miss America Bess Myerson is arrested on charges of bribery, conspiracy, and mail fraud, all involving an alimony-fixing scandal. She is later found not guilty.
- 1994 – North Korea nuclear weapons program: North Korea and the United States sign an agreement that requires North Korea to stop its nuclear weapons program and agree to inspections.
- 1994 - In Seoul, South Korea, 32 people are killed when the Seongsu Bridge collapses.
- 1997 – Hotel owners from the Detroit area meet to discuss Jack Kevorkian's practice of leaving corpses in hotel rooms.
- 1997 – The government of Singapore announces in a widely-publicized "toilet alert" that the drive for toilet cleanliness is a great success; five toilets were selected by citizens as toilet role models.
- 2004 – The Boston Red Sox win the American League pennant, defeating the New York Yankees 10-3 in Game 7 of the American League Championship Series, capping off a remarkable comeback from three games to none down to win.
- 2005 - Hurricane Wilma strikes the Yucatan, Mexico.
- 2007 - Kimi Raikkonen wins the Formula One World Championship.
- 2007 - Donald Tusk is elected Prime Minister of Poland.
Observances [change]
- International Day of the Nacho (Mexico and the United States)
- National Nurses' Day (Thailand)
- Overseas Chinese Day (Republic of China)
