February 11
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February 11 is the 42nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 323 days remaining until the end of the year (324 in leap years).
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Events [change]
- 660 BC – Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu Tenno.
- 731 – Gregory II ends his reign as Pope.
- 824 – Paschal I ends his reign as Pope.
- 1531 – Henry VIII of England recognized as supreme head of the Church of England.
- 1543 – Battle of Wayna Daga – Ethiopian/Portuguese troops beat Muslim army.
- 1752 – Pennsylvania Hospital, 1st hospital in the United States, opens.
- 1790 – Society of Friends petitions United States Congress for abolition of slavery.
- 1794 – First session of United States Senate open to the public.
- 1808 – Anthracite coal first burned as fuel, experimentally.
- 1809 – Robert Fulton patents the steamboat.
- 1810 – Napoléon marries Marie-Louise of Austria.
- 1812 – Massachusetts governor Elbridge Gerry gerrymanders for the first time.
- 1814 – Norway's independence is proclaimed, marking the ultimate end of the Kalmar Union.
- 1826 – University College London is founded under the name University of London.
- 1837 – American Physiological Society organizes in Boston, Massachusetts.
- 1840 – Gaetano Donizetti's opera La Fille du Régiment receives its first performance in Paris.
- 1843 – Giuseppe Verdi's opera I Lombardi receives its first performance in Milan.
- 1855 - Emperor Tewodros II of Ethiopia is crowned.
- 1858 – The Blessed Virgin Mary reputedly appears to Saint Bernadette Soubirous of Lourdes.
- 1861 – American Civil War: United States House of Representatives unanimously passes a resolution guaranteeing noninterference with slavery in any state.
- 1873 – King Amadeus I of Spain abdicates.
- 1889 – Meiji constitution of Japan adopted; 1st Diet of Japan convenes in 1890.
- 1902 – Police beat up universal suffrage demonstrators in Brussels.
- 1903 – Anton Bruckner's 9th Symphony receives its first performance in Vienna.
- 1906 – Pope Pius X publishes the encyclical Vehementer nos.
- 1908 – Australia regain the Ashes with a 308 run cricket victory over England.
- 1916 – Emma Goldman arrested for lecturing on birth control.
- 1919 – Friedrich Ebert (SPD), elected President of Germany.
- 1928 – 1928 Winter Olympic Games open in St. Moritz, Switzerland.
- 1929 – Italy and the Vatican sign the Lateran Treaty.
- 1937 – A sit-down strike ends when General Motors recognizes the United Automobile Workers Union.
- 1938 – BBC Television produces the world's first ever science fiction television programme, an adaptation of a section of the Karel Capek play R.U.R. (This play coined the term 'robot.')
- 1941 – First Gold record presented to Glenn Miller for "Chattanooga Choo Choo".
- 1943 – General Dwight D. Eisenhower selected to command the allied armies in Europe.
- 1945 – Yalta Conference ends.
- 1948 – John Costello succeeds Éamon de Valera as Taoiseach of Ireland.
- 1953 – President Dwight D. Eisenhower refuses clemency appeal for Ethel and Julius Rosenberg
- 1953 – The Soviet Union breaks off diplomatic relations with Israel.
- 1961 – Trial of Adolf Eichmann begins in Jerusalem.
- 1963 – The Beatles record 10 tracks for their first album, Please Please Me.
- 1964 – At the Washington, DC Coliseum, The Beatles have their 1st live appearance in the United States.
- 1964 – Greeks and Turks begin fighting in Limassol, Cyprus.
- 1964 – The Republic of China (Taiwan) breaks off diplomatic relations with France.
- 1968 – Israeli-Jordanian border clashes.
- 1968 – Madison Square Garden III closes and Madison Square Garden IV opens in New York City.
- 1971 – US, UK, USSR, others sign Seabed Treaty outlawing nuclear weapons in international waters.
- 1973 – Vietnam War: First release of American prisoners of war from Vietnam takes place.
- 1975 - Margaret Thatcher becomes leader of the Conservative Party. This will lead to her becoming Prime Minister of the United Kingdom in 1979.
- 1978 – Censorship: China lifts a ban on works by Aristotle, Shakespeare and Dickens.
- 1979 – Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini seizes power in Iran.
- 1981 – 100,000 gallons (380 m3) of radioactive coolant leak into the containment building of TVA Sequoyah 1 nuclear plant in Tennessee, contaminating 8 workers.
- 1986 – Rights activist Anatoly Scharansky, released by the USSR, leaves the country.
- 1987 – Philippines constitution goes into effect.
- 1990 – James "Buster" Douglas KOs Mike Tyson to win heavyweight boxing crown.
- 1990 – Nelson Mandela, a political prisoner for 27 years, is freed from Victor Verster prison outside Cape Town, South Africa.
- 1991 – UNPO, the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization, forms in The Hague, Netherlands.
- 1992 – Art band The KLF subvert the UK's BRIT Awards.
- 1999 – Pluto, a planet with an irregular orbit, changes from the eighth to ninth planet farthest from the sun. It had been the eighth farthest since 1979. It is downgraded to a dwarf planet in 2006.
- 2008 – East Timor's President Jose Ramos Horta is injured in a rebel attack. Rebel leader Alfredo Reinado dies in the attack.
- 2011 – 2011 Egyptian protests: In the wake of anti-government protests, Egypt's President Hosni Mubarak resigns.
- 2012 - American singer and actress Whitney Houston is found dead in her hotel room in Los Angeles.
- 2013 - Pope Benedict XVI announces that he is to resign as Pope on February 28, as the first Pope to resign in 598 years.
Births [change]
Before 1800 [change]
- 1261 - Otto III, Duke of Bavaria (died 1312)
- 1377 - King Ladislaus of Naples (died 1414)
- 1380 – Gianfrancesco Poggio Bracciolini, Italian humanist (died 1459)
- 1466 – Elizabeth of York, consort of King Henry VII of England (died 1503)
- 1535 – Pope Gregory XIV (died 1591)
- 1568 – Honore d'Urfe, French writer (died 1625)
- 1657 - Bernard Le Bovier de Fontanelle, French scientist and writer (died 1757)
- 1755 – Albert Christoph Dies, German composer (died 1822)
- 1764 – Marie-Joseph de Chenier, French poet (died 1611)
- 1776 – Ioannis Capodistrias, Greek diplomat and Head of State (died 1836)
- 1780 – Karoline von Günderode, poet (died 1806)
- 1800 – William Henry Fox Talbot, English photographic pioneer (died 1877)
1801 - 1900 [change]
- 1802 – Lydia Child, novelist and abolitionist (died 1880)
- 1812 – Benjamin Franklin Sands, Commander (Union Navy) (died 1883)
- 1812 – Alexander Hamilton Stephens, Vice President of the Confederate States of America, (died 1883)
- 1813 – Otto Ludwig, German novelist, playwright, critic (died 1865)
- 1819 – Samuel Parkman Tuckerman, composer (died 1890)
- 1821 – Auguste Edouard Mariette, French Egyptologist (died 1881)
- 1830 – Hans Bronsart von Schellendorf, musician (died 1913)
- 1833 – Melville Weston Fuller, 8th Chief Justice of the United States (died 1910)
- 1839 – Josiah Willard Gibbs, theoretical physicist, chemist (died 1903)
- 1847 – Thomas Alva Edison, inventor (died 1931)
- 1860 – Rachilde (Marguérite Vallette-Eymery), French author (died 1953)
- 1869 – Helene Kroller-Muller, Dutch museum founder and patron of the arts (died 1939)
- 1869 – Else Lasker-Schüler, lyricist, dramatist and narrator (died 1945)
- 1873 – Feodor Chaliapin, Russian singer (died 1938)
- 1874 – Elsa Beskow (Maartman), Swedish children's book and fairy tales author, (died 1953)
- 1881 – Arthur Davidson, American business man (d. 1950)
- 1887 – John van Melle, South African writer (died 1953)
- 1894 – Alfonso Leng, Chilean composer (died 1974)
- 1897 - Colgate W. Darden, Governor of Virginia (died 1981)
- 1898 – Leó Szilárd, Hungarian physicist, peace activist (died 1964)
- 1900 – Hans-Georg Gadamer, German philosopher (died 2002)
1901 - 1950 [change]
- 1902 – Arne Jacobsen, Danish architect and designer (died 1971)
- 1903 – Hans Redlich, composer (d. 1968)
- 1904 – Sir Keith Holyoake, Prime Minister of New Zealand (died 1983)
- 1904 - Clarence W. Meadows, Governor of West Virginia (died 1961)
- 1908 – Vivian Fuchs, geologist, explorer (died 1999)
- 1908 - Philip Dunne, American screenwriter, director and producer (died 1992)
- 1909 – Max Baer (The Livermore Larruper), boxer, actor (died 1959)
- 1909 – Joseph Mankiewicz, director (died 1993)
- 1911 – Alec Cairncross, chancellor of the University of Glasgow.
- 1912 – Roy Fuller, English poet and novelist (died 1991)
- 1912 – Rudolf Firkusny Napajedla, pianist
- 1913 – Lucio Diestro, composer
- 1914 – Matt Dennis, American singer (died 2002)
- 1914 – French Duynstee, Dutch constitutional lawyer
- 1914 – Winand Borgerhoff Mulder, court judge of Amsterdam
- 1914 – Menelaos Pallantios, composer
- 1915 – Patrick Leigh Fermor, author
- 1915 – Mervyn Levy, artist, critic
- 1915 – Haakon Stotijn, Dutch oboist
- 1916 – Joseph Alioto, Mayor of San Francisco, California
- 1916 – Bernice Levin Neugarten, social scientist, gerontologist
- 1917 – Sidney Sheldon, American author (died 2007)
- 1919 – Gretchen Fraser, slalom skier
- 1919 – Eva Gabor, Hungarian actress (died 1995)
- 1919 – Eddie Robinson, college football coach.
- 1920 – King Farouk I of Egypt (died 1965)
- 1920 – Daniel Galouye, American science fiction author (died 2006)
- 1920 – Billy Halop, actor
- 1920 – Paul Peter Piech, artist (died 1996)
- 1921 – Lloyd Bentsen, American politician (died 2006)
- 1922 – Tudor Jarda, composer
- 1923 – Ronald Arculus, British diplomat
- 1924 – Mary Tregear, Oriental art historian
- 1925 – Peter Berger, British Vice-Admiral
- 1925 – Virginia Johnson, doctor, sexologist
- 1925 – Kim Stanley, actress (died 2001)
- 1926 – Paul Bocuse, French chef
- 1926 – Alexander Gibson, British conductor and founder of the Scottish Opera (died 1995)
- 1926 – Leslie Nielsen, Canadian-American actor (died 2010)
- 1928 – Gerry Alexander, West Indies cricket player
- 1928 – Raoul Cita, rock musician
- 1928 – Gotthilf Fischer, choirmaster
- 1928 – Archibald Forster, CEO (Esso UK)
- 1928 – Conrad Janis, actor
- 1929 – Leonard Gregory Kastle, composer
- 1930 – C H Dearnley, organist
- 1930 – Alevtina Koltschina, Soviet skier
- 1931 – Larry Merchant, author, boxing commentator
- 1932 – Jerome Lowenthal, pianist, professor
- 1934 – Tina Louise, actress
- 1934 – Francesco Pennisi, composer
- 1934 – Mary Quant, British fashion designer
- 1934 – John Surtees, British race car driver
- 1934 - Mel Carnahan, 51st Governor of Missouri
- 1935 – Bent Lorentzen, composer
- 1936 – Burt Reynolds, American actor
- 1937 – Lodewijk Boer, Dutch violinist, playwright
- 1937 – Marilyn Butler, Rector of Exeter College, Oxford
- 1937 – Peter Lashley, West Indies cricket player
- 1937 – Bill Lawry, Australian cricket player
- 1938 – Bevan Congdon, New Zealand cricket player
- 1938 – Willy Correa de Oliveira, composer
- 1938 – Manuel Noriega, Panamanian general and dictator
- 1939 – Gerry Goffin, American lyricist
- 1939 – Jane Yolen, American science fiction author
- 1940 – Bobby Picket, American musician (died 2007)
- 1941 – Sergio Mendes, musician, songwriter
- 1942 – Otis Clay, gospel and R&B singer
- 1943 – Iain Cameron, British brigadier
- 1943 - Joselito, Spanish singer
- 1943 - Serge Lama, French singer
- 1944 – Buddhadev Dasgupta, Indian movie director
- 1944 – Bert Greene, golfer
- 1945 - Ralph Doubell, Australian athlete
- 1946 – Ian Porterfield, British footballer (died 2007)
- 1947 – Yukio Hatoyama, former Prime Minister of Japan
1951 - 2000 [change]
- 1953 – Jeb Bush, American politician, former Governor of Florida
- 1953 – Philip Anglim, American actor
- 1955 - Anneli Jaatteenmaki, former Prime Minister of Finland
- 1959 - Bradley Cole, American actor
- 1959 - Deborah Meaden, British businesswoman
- 1961 – Mary Docter, speed skater
- 1961 – Carey Lowell, actress
- 1962 – Sheryl Crow, American musician
- 1964 – Sarah Palin, American politician, former Governor of Alaska
- 1969 – Jennifer Aniston, American actress
- 1970 – Alistair Brown, English cricket player
- 1971 - Damian Lewis, English actor
- 1972 - Dennis McManaman, English footballer
- 1973 - Varg Vikernes, Norwegian musician
- 1974 – D'Angelo, singer
- 1974 – Alex Jones, American radio host
- 1974 - Jaroslav Spacek, Czech ice hockey player
- 1975 – Chuck Watanabe, American kayaker
- 1977 - Mike Shinoda, American musician
- 1979 – Brandy Norwood, singer
- 1980 – Natasha Bobo, actress
- 1980 – Marco Bresciano, Australian footballer
- 1980 – Matthew Lawrence, American actor
- 1981 – Kelly Rowland, American singer (Destiny's Child)
- 1982 – Neil Robertson, Australian snooker player
- 1982 - Natalie Dormer, British actress
- 1983 – Rafael van der Vaart, Dutch footballer
- 1984 - Maxime Talbot, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1988 - Junjun, Chinese-Japanese singer
- 1990 - Javier Aquino, Mexican footballer
- 1990 - Princess Ayah bint Al Faisal, of Jordan
- 1991 - Georgia May Foote, British actress
- 1992 – Taylor Lautner, American actor
- 1994 - Dominic Janes, American actor
Deaths [change]
Before 1900 [change]
- 244 - Gordian, Roman Emperor
- 641 – Heraclius, Emperor of Byzantium in 610–641 (born ca. 575)
- 731 – Pope Gregory II
- 821 – Saint Benedict of Aniane (born ca. 747)
- 824 – Pope Paschal I
- 1141 – Hugo of St. Victor, philosopher, theologian, mystic
- 1160 - Minamoto no Yoshitomo, Japanese general (born 1123)
- 1503 – Elizabeth of York, consort of King Henry VII of England (born 1466)
- 1543 – Ahmed Gran, sultan of Adal
- 1622 – Alfonso Fontanelli, composer
- 1626 - Pietro Cataldi, Italian mathematician (born 1552)
- 1650 – René Descartes, French philosopher (born 1596)
- 1685 – David Teniers III, Flemish painter (born 1638)
- 1713 - Jahandar Shah, Mughal Emperor (born 1664)
- 1762 – Johann Tobias Krebs, composer (born 1690)
- 1763 – William Shenstone, poet (born 1714)
- 1795 - Carl Michael Bellman, Swedish poet and composer (born 1740)
- 1797 – Antoine Dauvergne, composer (born 1713)
- 1806 – Vicente Martin y Soler, composer
- 1841 – J H Ferdinand Olivier, German painter
- 1848 - Thomas Cole, British-American painter (born 1801)
- 1862 – Elizabeth Siddal, poet and artist (born 1829)
- 1868 – Léon Foucault, astronomer (born 1819)
- 1870 – Leopold Eugen Mechura, composer
- 1871 – Gaspard Théodore Ignace de la Fontaine, Luxembourg politician
- 1879 – Honore Daumier, caricaturist/painter (born 1808)
- 1879 – Willem J van Zeggelen, Dutch author
- 1882 – Gustav Schmidt, composer (born 1874)
- 1892 – Erik Anthon Valdemar Siboni, composer
- 1894 – Pasqual Juan Emilio Arrieta y Corera, composer
After 1900 [change]
- 1903 – Henryk Szulc, composer
- 1907 – Peter J Savelberg, Dutch monastery founder
- 1911 – Albert von Rothschild, baron, Austrian banker
- 1917 - Oswaldo Cruz, Brazilian physician (born 1872)
- 1918 - Taytou Betul, Empress of Ethiopia (born 1851)
- 1922 – Gerardus J P Bolland, Dutch philosopher
- 1931 – Charles Algernon Parsons, British inventor (born 1854)
- 1939 – Franz Schmidt, Austrian composer (born 1874)
- 1940 – John Buchan, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir, Scottish writer and Governor-General of Canada (born 1875)
- 1942 - Jamnalal Bajaj, Indian industrialist, philanthropist and independence activist (born 1884)
- 1945 – Al Dubin, Swiss songwriter (born 1891)
- 1945 – J S H Lokerman, Dutch resistance fighter
- 1948 – Sergei Eisenstein, movie director (born 1898)
- 1959 – Marshall Teague, race car driver (born 1922)
- 1960 – Ernst von Dohnanyi, Hungarian conductor (b. 1877)
- 1961 – Eduard R Verkade, Dutch actor, director
- 1963 – Sylvia Plath, American poet, novelist (born 1932)
- 1968 – Howard Lindsay, playwright (born 1888)
- 1970 – Emil Abranyi, composer
- 1971 – Whitney Young Jr, National Urban League director
- 1972 – Jan Wils, architect (born 1891)
- 1973 – Hans D Jensen, German physicist (born 1907)
- 1976 – Lee J Cobb, actor (born 1911)
- 1976 – Alexander Lippisch, German aerodynamicist (born 1894)
- 1977 – Louis Beel, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1946–1948, 1958–1959) (born 1902)
- 1977 - Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, 5th President of Pakistan (born 1905)
- 1978 – James B Conant, headmaster of Harvard University
- 1982 – Eleanor Powell, actress, dancer (born 1912)
- 1982 – Takashi Shimura, Japanese actor (born 1905)
- 1985 – Henry Hathaway American actor, director (born 1898)
- 1985 – Ulysses Simpson Kay, composer
- 1985 – Heinz Eric Roemheld, composer (born 1901)
- 1986 – Frank Herbert, science fiction author (born 1920)
- 1989 – George O'Hanlon, American actor, director (born 1912)
- 1991 – Oscar Nitzchke, German architect
- 1993 - Robert W. Holley, American scientist (born 1922)
- 1993 – George A Stephen, inventor
- 1994 – Neil Bonnett, NASCAR driver (born 1946)
- 1994 – Sorrell Brooke, actor
- 1994 – William Conrad, actor
- 1994 - Paul Feyerabend, Austrian philosopher (born 1924)
- 1996 – Kebby Musokotwane, Prime Minister of Zambia (born 1946)
- 1996 – Cyril Poole, English cricket player
- 1996 – Amelia Rosselli, poet
- 2000 – Roger Vadim, French director (born 1928)
- 2000 - Jacqueline Auriol, French aviatrix (born 1917)
- 2003 – Arndt Brause, Schlager singer
- 2003 – Daniel Toscan du Plantier, movie producer
- 2006 - Peter Benchley, American writer (born 1940)
- 2008 – Tom Lantos, American politician (born 1928)
- 2010 – Alexander McQueen, British fashion designer (born 1969)
- 2010 – Irina Arkhipova, Russian singer (born 1925)
- 2011 - Bo Carpelan, Finnish writer (born 1926)
- 2011 – Bad News Brown, Canadian musician (born 1977)
- 2012 – Whitney Houston, American singer and actress (born 1963)
Holidays and observances [change]
- Catholicism – Feast day of Our Lady of Lourdes
- World Day of the Sick
- Armed Forces Day (Liberia)
- Islamic Revolution's Victory Day (Iran)
- National Foundation Day (Japan)
- Youth Day (Cameroon)
February 10 – February 12 – January 11 – March 11 – listing of all days
