January 3
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January 3 is the third day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 362 days remaining until the end of the year (363 in leap years).
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Births [change]
- 106 BC – Cicero, Roman lawyer and political philosopher (d. 43 BC)
- 1196 – Emperor Tsuchimikado of Japan (d. 1231)
- 1698 – Pietro Metastasio, Italian poet (d. 1782)
- 1733 – Richard Arkwright, English inventor (d. 1792)
- 1793 – Lucretia Mott, American women's rights activist (d. 1880)
- 1812 - Elisha M. Pease, Governor of Texas (d. 1883)
- 1819 - Charles Piazzi Smyth, Italian-Scottish astronomer (d. 1900)
- 1819 - Thomas H. Watts, Governor of Alabama (d. 1892)
- 1829 - Konrad Duden, German teacher, philologist and lexicographer (d. 1911)
- 1831 - Savitribai Phule, Indian social activist and educator (d. 1897)
- 1840 – Father Damien, Belgian missionary and doctor in Hawaii (d. 1889)
- 1862 – Matthew Nathan, British Governor of Queensland (d. 1939)
- 1865 - Henry Lytton, British actor and opera singer (d. 1936)
- 1876 – Wilhelm Pieck, German politician (d. 1960)
- 1879 – Grace Coolidge, First Lady of the United States (d. 1957)
- 1883 – Clement Attlee, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1967)
- 1884 - Raoul von Koczalski, Polish pianist and composer (d. 1948)
- 1887 - Helen Parkhurst, American educator, author and lecturer (d. 1973)
- 1892 – J. R. R. Tolkien, English writer (d. 1973)
- 1895 - Borys Lyatoshynsky, Ukrainian composer (d. 1973)
- 1897 – Marion Davies, American actress (d. 1961)
- 1897 – Pola Negri, Polish-American actress (d. 1987)
- 1898 - Carolyn Haywood, American children's author (d. 1990)
- 1901 – Ngo Dinh Diem, Vietnamese politician (d. 1963)
- 1905 - Anna May Wong, Chinese-American actress (d. 1961)
- 1909 – Victor Borge, Danish comedian and pianist (d. 2000)
- 1912 – Federico Borrell Garcia, Spanish Republican soldier, photographed in the moment of his death (d. 1936)
- 1915 – Mady Rahl, German actress (d. 2009)
- 1916 – Bernard Greenhouse, American cellist (d. 2011)
- 1916 - Betty Furness, American actress (d. 1994)
- 1920 – Siegfried Buback, Attorney-General of Germany (d. 1977)
- 1921 - Chetan Anand, Indian director and screenwriter (d. 1997)
- 1922 – Bill Travers, British actor and director (d. 1994)
- 1926 – George Martin, English music producer
- 1929 – Sergio Leone, Italian director (d. 1989)
- 1930 - Robert Loggia, American actor
- 1932 – Coo Coo Marlin, American racing driver (d. 2005)
- 1942 – Laszlo Solyom, former President of Hungary
- 1942 – John Thaw, British actor (d. 2002)
- 1943 – Jarl Alfredius, Swedish journalist (d. 2009)
- 1945 – David Starkey, English historian
- 1946 – John Paul Jones, English musician (Led Zeppelin)
- 1949 – Sylvia Likens, American torture victim (d. 1965)
- 1950 – Victoria Principal, American actress
- 1952 – Gianfranco Fini, Italian politician
- 1952 - Esperanza Aguirre, Spanish politician
- 1953 - Mohammed Waheed Hassan, President of the Maldives
- 1956 – Mel Gibson, Australian-American actor and director
- 1958 - Shim Hyung-rae, South Korean filmmaker
- 1963 - Till Lindemann, German singer (Rammstein)
- 1969 – Michael Schumacher, German racing driver
- 1969 - Gerda Weissensteiner, Italian bobsledder and luger
- 1971 - Cory Cross, American ice hockey player
- 1976 – Angelos Basinas, Greek footballer
- 1977 – Lee Bowyer, English footballer
- 1977 – Michelle Stephenson, English singer (Spice Girls)
- 1978 – Liya Kebede, Ethiopian model
- 1978 - Mike York, American ice hockey player
- 1981 – Eli Manning, American football player
- 1984 – Billy Mehmet, Irish footballer
- 1985 – Linas Kleiza, Lithuanian basketball player
- 1986 - Dana Hussain, Iraqi athlete
- 1986 - Jessica O'Rourke, American soccer player
- 1988 - Matt Frattin, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1989 - Ayaka Umeda, Japanese singer (AKB48)
- 1989 - Kohei Uchimura, Japanese gymnast
- 1989 – Alex D. Linz, American actor
Deaths [change]
- 235 - St. Anterus, Pope
- 323 - Jin Yuandi, Chinese Emperor (b. 276)
- 1322 – King Philip V of France (b. 1293)
- 1437 - Catherine of Valois, wife of King Henry V of England (b. 1401)
- 1543 – Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo, first European to visit California (b. 1499)
- 1641 – Jeremiah Horrocks, English astronomer (b. ca. 1619)
- 1571 - Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg (b. 1505)
- 1701 - Prince Louis I of Monaco (b. 1642)
- 1785 – Baldassare Galuppi, Italian composer (b. 1706)
- 1795 – Josiah Wedgwood, English potter (b. 1730)
- 1875 – Pierre Larousse, French editor and encyclopedist (b. 1817)
- 1881 – Anna McNeill Whistler, Whistler's mother (b. 1804)
- 1903 - Alois Hitler, father of Adolf Hitler (b. 1837)
- 1916 - Grenville M. Dodge, American general (b. 1831)
- 1923 – Jaroslav Hasek, Czech novelist (b. 1883)
- 1933 - Wilhelm Cuno, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1876)
- 1933 – Jack Pickford, Canadian actor (b. 1896)
- 1945 – Edgar Cayce, American psychic (b. 1877)
- 1946 – William Joyce, Irish Nazi propagandist (executed) (b. 1906)
- 1950 – Emil Jannings, Swiss actor (b. 1884)
- 1956 – Alexander Gretchaninov, Russian composer (b. 1864)
- 1967 – Jack Ruby, killer of Lee Harvey Oswald (b. 1911)
- 1974 - Gino Cervi, Italian actor (b. 1901)
- 1979 – Conrad Hilton, American hotelier (b. 1887)
- 1980 – Joy Adamson, Czech conservationist and author (b. 1910)
- 1981 – Her Royal Highness Princess Alice of Athlone, the last grandchild of Queen Victoria (b. 1883)
- 1988 - Rose Auslander, German poet (b. 1901)
- 1989 - Sergei Lvovich Sobolev, Russian mathematician (b. 1909)
- 1992 – Dame Judith Anderson, Australian actress (b. 1897)
- 2001 – José Greco, flamenco dancer (b. 1918)
- 2002 – Freddy Heineken, Dutch CEO of the beer brewery (b. 1923)
- 2003 – Sid Gillman, American football coach (b. 1911)
- 2004 – Leon Wagner, American MLB All-Star (b. 1934)
- 2005 - JN Dixit, Indian national security adviser and former foreign secretary (b. 1936)
- 2005 - Will Eisner, United States comic book artist and pioneering graphic novelist (b. 1917)
- 2005 - Koo Chen-fu, Chinese negotiator with the PRC (b. 1917)
- 2006 - Bill Skate, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (b. 1954)
- 2008 - Yo Sam-Choi, South Korean boxer (b. 1972)
- 2009 - Pat Hingle, American actor (b. 1923)
- 2012 - Josef Skvorecky, Czech writer (b. 1924)
- 2013 - Sergiu Nicolaescu, Romanian film director, actor and politician (b. 1930)
Events [change]
- 1496 – Leonardo da Vinci unsuccessfully tests a flying machine.
- 1521 – Pope Leo X excommunicates Martin Luther.
- 1749 – The first issue of the Danish newspaper Berlingske Tidende is published.
- 1777 – American general George Washington defeats a British-Hessian Army under Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis in the Battle of Princeton.
- 1848 – Joseph Jenkins Roberts is sworn in as the first President of Liberia.
- 1870 - Building work on the Brooklyn Bridge in New York City begins.
- 1851 – French physicist Jean Bernard Leon Foucault experiments with the Foucault pendulum to prove that the Earth rotates.
- 1861 – Delaware votes to remain in the United States, and not to secede.
- 1868 – Meiji Restoration in Japan.
- 1908 – The Kaziranga National Park is created in Assam, northeastern India.
- 1911 – A magnitude 7.7 earthquake destroys Almaty in present-day Kazakhstan.
- 1919 – Paris Peace Conference: Emir Faisal of Iraq and Chaim Weizmann agree to develop a Jewish homeland in Palestine and an Arab nation in the Middle East.
- 1925 – Benito Mussolini declares that he is taking dictatorial powers in Italy.
- 1932 – Martial Law is declared in Honduras to stop a revolt by banana workers who had been fired by the United Fruit Company.
- 1945 – Admiral Chester Nimitz is placed in command of all US naval forces in preparation for planned assaults against Iwo Jima and Okinawa.
- 1956 – Fire damages the top part of the Eiffel Tower.
- 1957 – The Hamilton Watch Company introduces the first electric watch.
- 1958 – The West Indies Federation is formed.
- 1959 – Alaska officially becomes a state of the United States. It is the 49th State to join the Union, and William Egan becomes the first State Governor of Alaska.
- 1959 - Separatists in the Maldives declare the creation of the United Suvadive Republic.
- 1961 – The US severs diplomatic relations with Cuba.
- 1962 – Pope John XXIII excommunicates Fidel Castro.
- 1977 – Apple Computer is incorporated.
- 1987 – Aretha Franklin is inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
- 1990 – Panama's leader Manuel Noriega surrenders to US forces.
- 1994 – More than 7 million people from the former Apartheid homelands receive South African citizenship.
- 1994 – A Tupolev Tu-154 of Baikal Air crashes near Irkutsk, Siberia, killing all 148 people on board.
- 1999 – The Mars Polar Lander is launched to Mars.
- 2000 - The last original weekday Peanuts comic strip is published.
- 2004 – Flash Airlines Flight 604, a Boeing 737, crashes into the Red Sea off Egypt, killing 148 people.
- 2007 – Kenya closes the border with Somalia and deports Somali refugees.
Observances [change]
- Statehood Day (Alaska)
- Perihelion, on or around this date, when Earth is at its closest point to the Sun during its orbit.
